The Impact of Property Tax on the Development of Real Estate Industry

In recent years,due to the rapid development of the real estate industry in China,land speculation has begun in addition to the significant growth in economy.However,this rapid development has led to an extreme rise in housing prices,largely owing to high property tax.This article analyzed the impact of property tax on the development of real estate industry and provided countermeasures.

China＇s Real Estate Tax Reform： Past, Present and Future

Since 1978, China＇s reform of real estate tax has made great strides with important milestones marked by the resumption of real estate tax collection on Chinese- funded enterprises and Chinese nationals. In the llth Five-Year Plan period （2006-2010）, the state administration completed the unification of tax rates for domestic and foreign- funded companies. However, the reform of real estate tax still requires many modifications during the 12th Five-Year Plan period （2011-2015）. The new plan should strive to streamline the tax system, adjust the tax base and tax rates, and delegate taxing authority.

Different Scenarios of Property Taxation Reforms in Italy： Two Compared Proposals

Starting from the premise that Italian real estate taxation is inefficient and unnecessarily complex, the paper suggests two tax reforms. The first proposal puts forward progressive property taxation on the family basis; the second one suggests inferring a property income within the general calculation of the personal income tax. The common features of the two tax schemes are： the use of property market values instead of cadastral rents, a general reduction of the real estate local tax, a strong cutback of the stamp duties and registration fees applied to real estate transfers. A microsimulation model is employed to evaluate the impacts of the proposed taxation schemes. They both show, providing for a constant tax revenue, stronger redistributive effects.

Evaluation Research on Property Tax System in China

The reform of tax sharing system has made achievements from 1994 to now, but it also causes the lack of main tax category in local-tax system. Meanwhile, the disadvantage of property tax system in China exacerbates the dilemma of local finance, which can＇ t play the role of regulating real estate market. As the main content of real-estate tax reform, house property tax reform has been widely concerned and discussed since 2003. The paper analyzes the characteristics and disadvantages of the existing real-estate tax in China and the real-estate tax reform in Shanghai and Chongqing. The analysis indicates that the perfect real-estate tax has been established in China, but it is in the exploration stage.

Real Estate Tax Reform,Economic Growth and Financial Stability

By constructing a multi-sector DSGE model embedded with tax wedge, housing mortgage fi nancing constraints and bank supervision constraints, this paper investigates the long-term impact of two types of real estate tax policies on economic growth and fi nancial stability, which are the unifi ed tax base assessment ratio and differential tax base assessment ratio for two major housing owners (household and enterprises). It also compares and analyzes the short-term impact of the above two types of real estate tax reform schemes on economic fl uctuations and fi nancial risks under the background of potential fi nancial risks facing China’s economy. The results show that: in the long run, the real estate tax will help economic growth, boost household consumption, and effectively suppress the excessive increase in household leverage and asset bubble risk through the “suppression effect” of housing prices and the “redistribution effect” on housing. In the short run, the real estate tax will not intensify the impact of systemic fi nancial risks, so it will not have an adverse impact on the maintenance of fi nancial stability. Different real estate tax policies have different impact on economic growth and fi nancial stability. Compared with the real estate tax with unifi ed tax base assessment ratio, the real estate tax with differential tax base assessment ratio is better for the coordinated development of financial activities and the real economy in the long term and play a stronger role in economic growth, which contributes to the unity of “stable growth”, “risk prevention” and “reform”.

Research on Influence of ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ Reform on Real Estate Enterprise

This year is a crucial year of pushing forward the reform of supply side structural. Tax cuts is a simple, direct and effective measure. ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform suit the needs of the structural adjustment. It also has a positive effect on getting through the deduction of VAT chain, completely promote the market specialization, promote the organic integration of the second and third industry in our country. On Mayl, 2016, our country implemented ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform pilot, Including construction, finance, real estate and life services in the scope of the pilot. The policy implementation will inevitably bring different level tax burden influence to the enterprise. In this article, through analysis of the state council issued the ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform file, together with the present situation of China＇s economy, the real estate enterprises camp to increase after taxes influence and studied.

Impacts of Property Tax Levy on Housing Price and Rent:Theoretical Models and Simulation with Insights on the Timing of China Adopting the Property Tax

What will be the impact of property tax levy(RPT)on China’s housing price?The conclusions from existing research are conflicting,failing to pinpoint how RPT will affect housing price and rent.More crucially,theoretical economic models are missing in clearly describing the operating mechanisms of the tax’s impact.Starting with a theoretical model of RPT,housing price and rent,the paper derives the path and mechanism of RPT affecting housing price and rent,and provides insights on the choice of timing for China to adopt and levy RPT.Our simulation results show that under China’s circumstances,if the effective RPT rate is 0.5%and the RPT revenue is not used to increase public services,the tax may cause a housing price decline between 8.3%and 12.5%.If the RPT revenue is used for basic public services,the housing price decline will be as small as 1.7%to 2.5%,but rent may rise by 6.7%to 20%.The reason for the sharp drop in housing price is the bubble;the premise of a rent hike is that the public services that renters can benefi t from are substantially improved.Based on the impact of RPT on housing price fluctuation,the period after the market has gradually squeezed out the housing price bubble may be among the best windows for adopting RPT.

Timberland Investing and Private Property Rights in the United States of America

Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.

Analysis on using UPREITs in real estate finance in United States

This paper gave an overview introduction about umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (UPREIT) to the readers who are not related to real estate and accounting major. To show how UPREIT defer capital gain taxes,makes good cash flow and maximize profit in real estate finance,the paper included the theory and structure of UPREIT(real estate investment trust),partnership issues,advantage and disadvantage,and created a proforma to demonstrate how UPREIT works.

中国式现代化的合理住房制度构建

我国现行住房制度与全体人民住有所居的目标差距显著,症结在于普通商品房结构性过剩,重售轻租、重商品轻保障和供需错配的结构性矛盾突出。系统构建面向中国式现代化的合理住房制度,需要协同发挥政府和市场两种力量,以普通商品房合理调控推动实现人口规模巨大的现代化,以保障性住房合理建设推动实现全体人民共同富裕的现代化,以改善性住房合理供给推动实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化。房地产税改革将从效率、公平和治理三个维度完善合理住房制度构建。在调整中央与地方财权与事权关系的前提下,流通和保有环节的差异化课税对促进合理住房制度内部循环意义重大,并在远期推动实现物质文明与精神文明相协调的中国式现代化。

房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统的研究与实现

从房地一体化采购项目数字化、标准化、科学化和智能化管理面临的问题着手,结合房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理实际需求,给出了房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统的功能设计和实现,并对房地一体不动产确权登记数据管理系统建设的关键技术和系统特色进行了论述。

房地产开发企业土地增值税预征政策改革分析——基于应对人口老龄化、防风险稳增长背景

中国经济经历三十多年高速增长,房地产开发行业作为支柱行业贡献可观,但现在房地产开发企业可持续发展问题凸显。中国老龄化程度持续加深造成商品房需求转弱导致主营业务收入下降,同时减缓城镇化进程造成房地产开发企业过度竞争面临利润减少问题,高周转、高杠杆生产经营模式和宏观政策调控也使其出现流动性减弱、资金链断链的风险,目前的困境导致房地产开发企业对我国宏观经济稳定增长的拉动作用放缓。土地增值税是我国房地产开发企业税率最高的税种,并且具有调节房地产市场的功能,其主要通过预征环节缴纳税金。因此,房地产开发企业土地增值税预征制度有必要作为调控企业现金流的工具进行相应的改革,缓解企业资金周转压力,帮助房地产开发企业应对当前问题。

土地房地产税基基准价管理系统的设计与实现

为实现在土地房地产交易环节中实行计税基准价数字化、规范化管理的目标,针对土地房地产税基基准价管理中的问题,分析设计了土地房地产税基基准价管理系统主要功能、系统用例图、主要状态图等,并通过轻量级J2EE框架SSH来实现系统。系统主要包括系统管理、数据采集管理、数据运维管理、数据审核管理、应用查询系统等五大部分。该系统易于操作、使用、维护,满足用户的使用习惯,有效提高土地房地产交易环节中计税价格公正合理性,提高信息共享程度,具有较好的示范性及应用推广价值。

论我国设立房地产税的正当性基础——基于“国民空间发展权代际公平”的新视角

我国现行的房地产税制存在着规则分散、征税范围狭窄和税负分配不公等诸多结构性问题,但由于未能厘清设立房地产税的正当性基础,这使得该税种的制度扩围与结构优化长期停滞不前,由此所引发的地方财政风险和财富不平等问题不容忽视。为保障和促进国民空间发展权的代际公平,宽税基房地产税的制度建构既要关注该税种在地方税与财产税语境下差异化的目标定位,还应明晰房屋和土地在法律和经济属性上的差异,尤其是居住用房地产所承载的狭义居住利益与广义居住利益,并探索以“房地分离主义”为中心的税制设计方案,以期能更好地衡量和捕捉房地产的空间价值与自然增值,从而消解各界对于该税种新增经济负担的合理性质疑与正当性诘难。

英国1894年遗产税产生的古代税制背景考察

古代英国税制中关涉1894年遗产税的税种主要有土地继承税和动产税两大类。土地继承税因各时期土地继承制度不同而有所变化:盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,不存在土地继承税;11世纪以后,随着封建制度的确立与发展,产生了继承金(relief)和继承捐(heriort)两种土地继承税,但随着封建制度的瓦解,土地遗赠行为逐渐摆脱了封建因素的制约,土地保有人获得了自由遗赠土地的权利,与封建土地保有制相伴随的继承金、继承捐便随之逐渐淡出英国税制历史舞台。与不动产(土地)不同,动产一直可由遗赠者自由处分,且在动产税征收实践中,“量能赋税”“累进制”等现代遗产税征收原则逐渐生成并不断地趋于成熟。古代英国土地继承税与动产税征收实践及其相关税制原则的发展与成熟,是1894年遗产税(estate duty)得以出台的重要历史前提与基础。

住宅房产税对人口出生率的影响研究——基于纠偏合成控制法的实证检验

建立健全生育支持政策体系是破解我国低人口出生率难题的关键所在。本文从住宅房产税的视角出发,以2011年沪渝两改革试点为研究对象,应用纠偏合成控制法实证分析了住宅房产税对人口出生率的政策效应,为推进房产税改革与立法工作提供了有益启示。结果表明:上海住宅房产税对人口出生率存在明显的抑制效应,且该效应在时间上表现出持续性;重庆住宅房产税对人口出生率存在显著的促进效应,该效应随时间出现边际递减,最终达到相对稳定的趋势;沪渝两种模式住宅房产税对人口出生率的影响存在异质性,主要是由实施细则的差异引起的。基于以上结论,建议在推进房产税立法时,应充分考虑地区间的差异性,实施激励人口生育的住宅房产税政策,同时住宅房产税要与其他政策配合使用,以丰富人口生育支持政策体系。

个人住房征收房产税的税制改革研究——基于沪渝地区房产税试点启示

2011年起,上海和重庆对个人住房使用试点开展征收房产税,出台了房产税相关的暂行办法和管理细则,制定了房产税的征收对象、计税依据和税率等规定,合理引导房地产行业发展,适度增加地方财政收入的作用。2022年以后房地产行业进入震荡期,商品房销售规模显著波动,房产行业周期性收缩,造成土地出让收入补充政府财政的贡献作用逐渐减弱,影响了部分地区政府收支预算平衡。为应对房地产行业处于中长期的不确定性可能造成地方政府的财力运行压力,应加快完善房地产税制结构的进程,着力调整房产税与土地出让收入结构比重,确保地方财政收支的长期性平衡。据此针对房地产税的税制改进,从房地产税试点地区的税收现状、优化原则、影响因素分析,从合理性、可续性、公平性等理论角度对房地产税收制度提出优化设计。

房地产企业土地增值税清算的税务筹划策略

近年来,为了推动房地产行业更加稳定地建设和发展,国家陆续出台了一系列政策,减缓了房地产行业持续发展的势头,也促使很多房地产企业的盈利空间逐渐缩小。在这种情况下,一些房地产开发企业为了扩大自身的收益空间,必须采取精细化管理的策略,精简费用、节约成本,对相关税费进行筹划,就成为一种现实需要。土地增值税作为房地产企业需要投入的一项重要成本,需加强筹划,进而帮助企业在遵守法律法规的情况下,优化内部税负结构、合理管控成本。文章将围绕这一话题进行论述,通过具体的案例,分析筹划方式,以期为广大工作人员提供参考和启示。

我国房产税实施现状与发展路径探究

自我国住房制度深化改革以来,房地产市场快速发展。房地产市场的发展推动着社会经济的发展,在基础设施建设、城镇经济转型等方面都发挥重要的作用。住房问题已成为我国民生问题中的重点。在当前我国房住不炒的背景下,坚持稳字当头,着力保障房地产市场平稳发展。文章对我国房产税的实施现状与发展路径进行探讨,论述了如何让房产税得到有序发展,对我国房产市场的转型具有一定参考价值。

新税制下房地产开发企业税务筹划研究

随着市场经济快速发展,税收征管政策不断创新改革,从而引起税务筹划环境发生了变化,房地产开发企业在经营过程中关联的上下游行业较多,使得涉税业务相对广泛、复杂,要想在新税制环境下占据优势地位,就需按照新税法规定加强税务筹划工作,进而提高企业的管理水平,促进企业的稳步发展。文章首先对房地产开发企业税务筹划方面进行了概述,阐述了房地产开发企业税务筹划的重要意义,其次重点分析了房地产开发企业税务筹划中存在的问题,并提出相应的优化策略,旨在为房地产开发企业税务筹划工作提供一些参考。