Real world study （RWS） has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of...Real world study （RWS） has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed, and a countermeasure is proposed.展开更多
The 0/1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (0/1 MKP) is an interesting NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that can model a number of challenging applications in logistics, finance, telecommunications and other ...The 0/1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (0/1 MKP) is an interesting NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that can model a number of challenging applications in logistics, finance, telecommunications and other fields. In the 0/1 MKP, a set of items is given, each with a size and value, which has to be placed into a knapsack that has a certain number of dimensions having each a limited capacity. The goal is to find a subset of items leading to the maximum total profit while respecting the capacity constraints. Even though the 0/1 MKP is well studied in the literature, we can just find a little number of recent review papers on this problem. Furthermore, the existing reviews focus particularly on some specific issues. This paper aims to give a general and comprehensive survey of the considered problem so that it can be useful for both researchers and practitioners. Indeed, we first describe the 0/1 MKP and its relevant variants. Then, we present the detailed models of some important real-world applications of this problem. Moreover, an important collection of recently published heuristics and metaheuristics is categorized and briefly reviewed. These approaches are then quantitatively compared through some indicative statistics. Finally, some synthetic remarks and research directions are highlighted in the conclusion.展开更多
目的:通过对近10年中国发表的真实世界临床研究相关文献进行分析,试图展现这一时期国内真实世界临床研究的基本情况、热点和前沿趋势。方法:计算机检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD...目的:通过对近10年中国发表的真实世界临床研究相关文献进行分析,试图展现这一时期国内真实世界临床研究的基本情况、热点和前沿趋势。方法:计算机检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、SinoMed、Web of science及Pubmed等数据库有关国内学者发表的关于真实世界临床研究的文章,时间从2011年9月至2021年9月,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace进行数据挖掘,在中华中医药学会、世界中医药学会联合会、国家药品监督管理局以及美国FDA等网站查找近10年发表的有关真实世界的规范性文件。结果:共纳入有效文献1525篇,文献发表整体呈现增长趋势,研究范围较广,关键词演化分析表明研究热点主要集中于中药注射剂疗效分析和基于医疗大数据的临床用药特征分析等方面,研究设计类型主要是观察性研究。结论:通过梳理国内真实世界临床研究的发展脉络、方法学、政策支持和证据评估方法,有助于研究人员和临床医生更好地了解真实世界临床研究和提高真实世界证据质量,以期为我国开展高质量真实世界临床研究提供借鉴。展开更多
文摘Real world study （RWS） has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed, and a countermeasure is proposed.
文摘The 0/1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (0/1 MKP) is an interesting NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that can model a number of challenging applications in logistics, finance, telecommunications and other fields. In the 0/1 MKP, a set of items is given, each with a size and value, which has to be placed into a knapsack that has a certain number of dimensions having each a limited capacity. The goal is to find a subset of items leading to the maximum total profit while respecting the capacity constraints. Even though the 0/1 MKP is well studied in the literature, we can just find a little number of recent review papers on this problem. Furthermore, the existing reviews focus particularly on some specific issues. This paper aims to give a general and comprehensive survey of the considered problem so that it can be useful for both researchers and practitioners. Indeed, we first describe the 0/1 MKP and its relevant variants. Then, we present the detailed models of some important real-world applications of this problem. Moreover, an important collection of recently published heuristics and metaheuristics is categorized and briefly reviewed. These approaches are then quantitatively compared through some indicative statistics. Finally, some synthetic remarks and research directions are highlighted in the conclusion.
文摘目的:通过对近10年中国发表的真实世界临床研究相关文献进行分析,试图展现这一时期国内真实世界临床研究的基本情况、热点和前沿趋势。方法:计算机检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊数据库(CCD)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)、SinoMed、Web of science及Pubmed等数据库有关国内学者发表的关于真实世界临床研究的文章,时间从2011年9月至2021年9月,运用文献计量工具CiteSpace进行数据挖掘,在中华中医药学会、世界中医药学会联合会、国家药品监督管理局以及美国FDA等网站查找近10年发表的有关真实世界的规范性文件。结果:共纳入有效文献1525篇,文献发表整体呈现增长趋势,研究范围较广,关键词演化分析表明研究热点主要集中于中药注射剂疗效分析和基于医疗大数据的临床用药特征分析等方面,研究设计类型主要是观察性研究。结论:通过梳理国内真实世界临床研究的发展脉络、方法学、政策支持和证据评估方法,有助于研究人员和临床医生更好地了解真实世界临床研究和提高真实世界证据质量,以期为我国开展高质量真实世界临床研究提供借鉴。
