The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenomena and occurred on a fault system once assigned to be of moderate long term seismic risk. Given the...The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenomena and occurred on a fault system once assigned to be of moderate long term seismic risk. Given the existing coverage of seismograph stations in Sichuan Province, real-time seis-mology could have been effective in avoiding some earthquake damage and helping post-earthquake emergency response. In a retrospective view, we demonstrated that the epicenter can be located with 20 km accuracy using just two broadband stations with three-component, which takes only about 10 s after the onset of the earthquake. Initial magnitude is estimated to be M7 with the Tc measurement over first 4 seconds of P waves. Better magnitude estimate can be obtained within 2 min by modeling Pnl waves for stations about 500 km away where the S waveforms are clipped. The rupture area is well revealed by teleseismically-recorded >M5 early aftershocks within two hours after the mainshock. Within a few hours, teleseismic body waves were inverted to derive a more detailed rupture process and the finite fault model can be readily used to calculate ground motions, thus providing vital information for rescue efforts in the case where no real-time strong motion records are available.展开更多
基于运动恢复结构(structure from motion,SFM)算法的地面影像定向通常没有考虑影像的位置姿态信息,影像定向结果在自由网坐标系,因此无法获取绝对坐标和真实尺度;利用地面摄影实时动态(real-time kinematic,RTK)技术可以获取地面影像...基于运动恢复结构(structure from motion,SFM)算法的地面影像定向通常没有考虑影像的位置姿态信息,影像定向结果在自由网坐标系,因此无法获取绝对坐标和真实尺度;利用地面摄影实时动态(real-time kinematic,RTK)技术可以获取地面影像的位置姿态信息,但是RTK和摄影测量的角度系统定义不同,RTK相位中心与影像投影中心存在偏差。针对这些问题,推导了利用RTK获取的GPS和角元素heading pitch roll(HPR)计算影像外方位元素的公式,提出地面摄影RTK辅助SFM算法的地面影像定向方法,在少量或者无需像控点条件下将SFM算法自由网的定向结果转换到绝对坐标系下,获得场景的真实坐标和尺度。实验结果表明,该转换公式正确,地面摄影RTK辅助SFM算法的影像定向方法可行。展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-116-1)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006BAC03B00)
文摘The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenomena and occurred on a fault system once assigned to be of moderate long term seismic risk. Given the existing coverage of seismograph stations in Sichuan Province, real-time seis-mology could have been effective in avoiding some earthquake damage and helping post-earthquake emergency response. In a retrospective view, we demonstrated that the epicenter can be located with 20 km accuracy using just two broadband stations with three-component, which takes only about 10 s after the onset of the earthquake. Initial magnitude is estimated to be M7 with the Tc measurement over first 4 seconds of P waves. Better magnitude estimate can be obtained within 2 min by modeling Pnl waves for stations about 500 km away where the S waveforms are clipped. The rupture area is well revealed by teleseismically-recorded >M5 early aftershocks within two hours after the mainshock. Within a few hours, teleseismic body waves were inverted to derive a more detailed rupture process and the finite fault model can be readily used to calculate ground motions, thus providing vital information for rescue efforts in the case where no real-time strong motion records are available.
