Control performance comparison between tuned liquid damper and tuned liquid column damper using real-time hybrid simulation

Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the diff erence in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the diff erent performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more eff ective than TLCD under diff erent amplitude excitations.

Real-time hybrid simulation for structural control performance assessment

Real-time hybrid simulation is an attractive method to evaluate the response of structures under earthquake loads. The method is a variation of the pseudodynamic testing technique in which the experiment is executed in real time, thus allowing investigation of structural systems with rate-dependent components. Real-time hybrid simulation is challenging because it requires performance of all calculations, application of displacements, and acquisition of measured forces, within a very small increment of time. Furthermore, unless appropriate compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented, stability problems are likely to occur during the experiment. This paper presents an approach for real-time hybrid simulation in which compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented using a model-based feedforward compensator. The method is used to evaluate the response of a semi-active control of a structure employing an MR damper. Experimental results show good agreement with the predicted responses, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for structural control performance assessment.

基于Real-Time Windows Target状态观测器的实验开发

在Matlab/Simulink中应用Real-Time Windows Target模块重构状态观测器的实时仿真模型,采用该方法开发的实验系统既便于实现,又能和实际物理系统良好对接,有利于学生掌握状态观测器的相关知识和促进对Matlab的了解和应用。给出的应用实例验证了方法的可行性。

Simulation of large-scale numerical substructure in real-time dynamic hybrid testing

A solution scheme is proposed in this paper for an existing RTDHT system to simulate large-scale finite element （FE） numerical substructures. The analysis of the FE numerical substructure is split into response analysis and signal generation tasks, and executed in two different target computers in real-time. One target computer implements the response analysis task, wherein a large time-step is used to solve the FE substructure, and another target computer implements the signal generation task, wherein an interpolation program is used to generate control signals in a small time-step to meet the input demand of the controller. By using this strategy, the scale of the FE numerical substructure simulation may be increased significantly. The proposed scheme is initially verified by two FE numerical substructure models with 98 and 1240 degrees of freedom （DOFs）. Thereafter, RTDHTs of a single frame-foundation structure are implemented where the foundation, considered as the numerical substructure, is simulated by the FE model with 1240 DOFs. Good agreements between the results of the RTDHT and those from the FE analysis in ABAQUS are obtained.

Real-time hybrid simulation of structures equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers using a user-programmable computational platform

A user-programmable computational/control platform was developed at the University of Toronto that offers real-time hybrid simulation （RTHS） capabilities. The platform was verified previously using several linear physical substructures. The study presented in this paper is focused on further validating the RTHS platform using a nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic damper that has displacement, frequency and temperature-dependent properties. The validation study includes damper component characterization tests, as well as RTHS of a series of single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） systems equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers that represent different structural designs. From the component characterization tests, it was found that for a wide range of excitation frequencies and friction slip loads, the tracking errors are comparable to the errors in RTHS of linear spring systems. The hybrid SDOF results are compared to an independently validated thermal- mechanical viscoelastic model to further validate the ability for the platform to test nonlinear systems. After the validation, as an application study, nonlinear SDOF hybrid tests were used to develop performance spectra to predict the response of structures equipped with damping systems that are more challenging to model analytically. The use of the experimental performance spectra is illustrated by comparing the predicted response to the hybrid test response of 2DOF systems equipped with viscoelastic-plastic dampers.

Real-time Control Oriented HCCI Engine Cycle-to-cycle Dynamic Modelling

For homogeneous charge compression ignition （HCCI） combustion, the auto-ignition process is very sensitive to in-cylinder conditions, including in-cylinder temperature, in-cylinder components and concentrations. Therefore, accurate control is required for reliable and efficient HCCI combustion. This paper outlines a simplified gasoline-fueled HCCI engine model implemented in Simulink environment. The model is able to run in real-time and with fixed simulation steps with the aim of cycle-to-cycle control and hardware- in-the-loop simulation. With the aim of controlling the desired amount of the trapped exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） from the previous cycle, the phase of the intake and exhaust valves and the respective profiles are designed to vary in this model. The model is able to anticipate the auto-ignition timing and the in-cylinder pressure and temperature. The validation has been conducted using a comparison of the experimental results on Ricardo Hydro engine published in a research by Tianjin University and a JAGUAR V6 HCCI test engine at the University of Birmingham. The comparison shows the typical HCCI combustion and a fair agreement between the simulation and experimental results.

A Cooperative Distributed System for Real-Time Route Guidance

This paper describes a cooperative decentralized architecture for reactive real-time route guidance. The architecture is cooperative in the sense that it allows adjacent local controllers to exchange information regarding the traffic conditions in their territories. A set of local decision rules and associated heuristic functions to support the cooperative architecture are specified. A protocol governing the knowledge exchange among local adjacent controllers is developed. A simulation-assignment modeling framework is used for assessing the effectiveness of this cooperative architecture under various levels of controller knowledge and network traffic congestion. The cooperative decentralized system is tested under various scenarios of knowledge and cooperation and network traffic demand levels. The cooperative system is compared against the shortest path algorithm as a benchmark.

Implementation of Distributed Control System for Rice Mill Using C#

The paper presents the distributed control system for rice mill using C#language.The real-time manufacturing system can be implemented by utilizing the signal from the real time control units that is more operative than other old-fashioned control systems in the extent of modern industrial days.The software-based Distributed Control System(DCS)is novel fashionable than any other conventional control systems in the state-ofthe-art manufacturing developments.This research study emphasizes on the implementation of the DCS-based rice mill using visual C#.net.The Industrial Ethernet(IE)is realized between the top level controller for the operator and the controlled station for the remote devices.The model of client-server approach is more appropriate for the automation and manufacturing research purposes.In this study,the computer graphical simulation of the complete control development is depicted in real-time status quo by visual C#language under Visual Studio 2008 software.The parallel ports in the computers of remote terminal level and the master terminal level controllers have been interconnected with port interface coding by visual C#program.

虚拟仿真联合近实时网络交互提升来华留学生急诊技能

目的:探讨虚拟仿真联合近实时网络交互是否可以有效提高留学生急诊技能水平。方法:选取安徽医科大学60名来华攻读医学全科学士(MBBS)留学生作为研究对象,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各30人。实验组学生接受为期4周的虚拟仿真技术与近实时网络交互相结合的技能技能培训,对照组学生接受为期4周的虚拟仿真技术的急诊技能培训。观察两组学生在急诊技能评估中的数据,主要指标包括急诊技能的准确性、合理性和人文关怀得分,次要指标包括自信心、学习主动性和参与度。结果:实验组学生急诊技能准确性、人文关怀、自信心、参与度平均得分高于对照组,差异有计统计学意义(t=2.08、3.93、2.97、2.52,P<0.05);两组学生急诊技能合理性、学习主动性平均得分比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.92、1.10,P>0.05)。结论:虚拟仿真联合近实时网络交互可以有效提高留学生的急诊技能水平,有望成为急诊医学教育的有效辅助工具。

基于Matlab/xPC Target的实时仿真系统研究

利用Matlab RTW和xPC Target提供的实时仿真功能,可以完成某些实物在回路中的仿真。采用该种方式与传统方式相比,具有系统组建方便,成本低,开发周期短等特点。主要讨论了其实现方式和开发流程,并将其应用到弹载计算机仿真评估系统的设计中。

虚实结合的计算机控制系统课程实验平台开发

为增强计算机控制系统实验课程的高阶性、创新性和挑战度,设计基于Matlab/Simulink图形接口的3容水箱实验控制平台。该控制平台采用Matlab串口技术实现对3容水箱系统的实时通信,并结合Simulink仿真技术开发水箱控制器设计模块。基于该平台,可设计包括传统PID控制和串级控制在内的多种控制算法实验。该计算机控制系统实验平台将虚拟仿真与实时控制有机结合,在满足实践课程“两性一度”要求的同时,有效锻炼学生设计复杂控制算法的能力。

基于全国产芯片的特高压柔性直流控制保护设备研制

文中分析了现有特高压柔性直流控制保护系统设备国产化替代的迫切需求,提出了运行人员控制系统、远动装置、直流控制保护主机、三取二装置和测控装置等全国产化替代原则和设计方案,研制了直流控制保护主机、三取二装置和测控装置。搭建了基于进口芯片和全国产化芯片的特高压柔性直流控制保护系统的RTDS硬件在环实时仿真平台,试验对比了进口芯片和全国产化芯片的特高压柔性直流控制保护设备的功能和性能,试验结果表明,全国产化芯片特高压柔性直流控制保护设备的功能和性能,总体不低于、个别性能优于进口芯片特高压柔性直流控制保护设备,为后续建设特高压柔性直流输电工程中直流控制保护设备全面国产化应用提供重要参考。

基于xPC Target的TIG焊PID控制实时仿真

为尝试在焊接过程控制研究中应用实时仿真方法,采用基于Matlab/Simulink的xPC Target模块搭建实时仿真平台,对TIG焊过程进行电流闭环PID控制实时仿真实验,实验中采用凑试法选择最优PID参数,对1.0、0.1Hz的方波及0.33 Hz的复杂波形进行在线控制仿真.由实验结果可知,基于Matlab/Simulink的xPC Target模块搭建的实时机系统可以在线仿真得到最优控制参数.

Real-time simulation platform for photovoltaic system with a boost converter using MPPT algorithm in a DSP controller

Recently, real-time simulation of renewable energy sources are indispensible for evaluating the performance of the maximum power point tracking （MPPT） controller, especially in the photovoltaic （PV） system in order to reduce cost in the testing phase. Nowadays, real time PV simulators are obtained by using analog and/or digital components. In this paper, a real-time simulation of a PV system with a boost converter was proposed using only the digital signal processor （DSP） processor with two DC voltage sources to emulate the temperature and irradiation in the PV system. A MATLAB/ Simulink environment was used to develop the real-time PV system with a boost converter into a C-program and build it into a DSP controller TMS320F28335. Besides, the performance of the real-time DSP-based PV was tested in different temperature and irradiation conditions to observe the P-V and V-I characteristics. Further, the performance of the PV with a boost converter was tested at different temperatures and irradiations using MPPT algorithms. This scheme was tested through simulation and the results were validated with that of standard conditions given in the PV data sheets. Implementation of this project helped to attract more researchers to study renewable energy applications without real sources. This might facilitate the study of PV systems in a real-time scenario and the evaluation of what should be expected for PV modules available in the market.

大容量STATCOM与弱受端直流VDCOL协调控制策略优化研究

由于弱交流系统电压对无功功率变化极为敏感,换流站内静止同步无功补偿器(static synchronous compensatory,STATCOM)与直流的控制若协调不当,故障后直流功率过快恢复会引起换流站的无功功率失衡、电压畸变、连续换相失败等严重问题,对直流稳定运行产生较大影响。分析了落点弱交流系统故障后直流的恢复问题,提出了一种STATCOM与直流系统的电压指令限制单元(voltage dependent current limiting,VDCOL)综合优化的方法,搭建了STATCOM与直流联合运行的RTDS仿真模型并开展仿真与现场实验验证。结果表明所提出的优化方法可限制故障后直流电流超调,减少无功功率消耗。同时直流恢复时间适当延长以及STATCOM的有效配合有利于交流电压恢复和减少后续换相失败风险,对提高弱受端交流系统中直流稳定运行的效果明显。

基于xPC Target的直流电动机实时控制系统设计

针对常见的控制系统开发方法采用手工编程而存在开发效率和可靠性低的问题,提出了一种基于xPC Target的直流电动机实时控制系统设计方法。该方法采用Matlab自动代码生成技术和xPC实时内核,以工业控制计算机为控制器、直流电动机为被控对象构建控制回路,采用Simulink模块组合控制器应用程序,以目标机-宿主机形式实现应用程序的代码生成、编译和下载。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速可靠地生成控制系统代码,控制系统具有很好的有效性和稳定性。

基于TrueTime的网络控制系统实时仿真

网络控制系统是涉及控制系统与通信网络的复杂系统,其仿真过程需要综合考虑多方面因素。引入了网络控制系统理想的仿真平台——TrueTime工具箱,可以对网络时延、网络参数、控制方法、网络调度等多方面进行综合仿真研究,实现控制性能与网络调度同时仿真的要求,从而使得网络控制系统的研究更加容易。结合实例,利用TrueTime仿真平台实现了对网络控制系统的实时仿真,仿真结果可以看出TrueTime工具箱对网络控制系统的实时仿真的有效性。

基于船用直流电力系统的源储协同控制仿真

针对船用直流电力系统中机组并车和离网导致的功率分配和运行稳定性问题,提出一种源储协同控制策略,通过协同机组与储能系统应对不同工况,保证电力系统在不同工况下稳定运行。基于MATLAB/Simulink软件构建数学模型,并在RT-LAB仿真平台上运行该模型,通过在线调参功能对控制策略进行多工况仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在多机组投切和多种负载变化工况下,采用该源储协同控制策略能有效提升船用直流电力系统的功率分配有效性和运行稳定性,保证电力系统在各工况下稳定运行。

一种基于xPC Target的快速控制原型平台

通过比较分析,确定了一个基于xPC Target快速控制原型平台的方案,将Simulink生成的仿真模型下载到目标机实时内核中运行,驱动外部设备,实现对实际被控对象的实时控制.相对于传统的控制设计,平台在实时处理能力、可扩展性和稳定性等方面都有比较明显的优势.

基于xPC Target的机械臂控制系统开发

介绍了控制系统的快速控制原型化设计方法以及xPC目标环境,然后基于xPC目标环境和Mathworks公司的Matlab RTW(real-time workshop,实时工作间),Simulink,Stateflow等工具开发了一个机械臂的控制系统。实验结果表明,该软件系统能够很好地控制机械臂抓取目标物体。