Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical syst...Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.展开更多
房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此...房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此基础上,以瑞利分布形状参数、右偏修正系数和形状参数变化率为特征,选取敏感子载波构建特征指纹矩阵,最后以实时特征指纹与有人、无人时的历史特征指纹矩阵之间的F范数来判定有无人员状态。此外,为提高实时人员检测的时效性,提出了CSI检测终端与边缘计算网关的协同计算模式。算例分析以典型办公室为试验地,与基于随机森林的判定方法进行对比。结果表明所提方法及其技术架构不仅更适宜实现长时间的高精度检测,还具备低成本的特性。展开更多
文摘Hydrological monitoring and real-time access to data are valuable for hydrological research and water resources management. In the recent decades, rapid developments in digital technology, micro-electromechanical systems, low power micro-sensing technologies and improved industrial manufacturing processes have resulted in retrieving real-time data through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) systems. In this study, a remotely operated low-cost and robust WSN system was developed to monitor and collect real-time hydrologic data from a small agricultural watershed in harsh weather conditions and upland rolling topography of Southern Ontario, Canada. The WSN system was assembled using off-the-shelf hardware components, and an open source operating system was used to minimize the cost. The developed system was rigorously tested in the laboratory and the field and found to be accurate and reliable for monitoring climatic and hydrologic parameters. The soil moisture and runoff data for 7 springs, 19 summer, and 19 fall season rainfall events over the period of more than two years were successfully collected in a small experimental agricultural watershed situated near Elora, Ontario, Canada. The developed WSN system can be readily extended for the purpose of most hydrological monitoring applications, although it was explicitly tailored for a project focused on mapping the Variable Source Areas (VSAs) in a small agricultural watershed.
文摘房间有无人员状态是实施节能和安全等智能用电行为的基础信息,通常基于房间内的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)来间接检测有无人员状态。为此,对不同场景的CSI幅值进行了统计分析,并提出其数据的修正瑞利分布特性。在此基础上,以瑞利分布形状参数、右偏修正系数和形状参数变化率为特征,选取敏感子载波构建特征指纹矩阵,最后以实时特征指纹与有人、无人时的历史特征指纹矩阵之间的F范数来判定有无人员状态。此外,为提高实时人员检测的时效性,提出了CSI检测终端与边缘计算网关的协同计算模式。算例分析以典型办公室为试验地,与基于随机森林的判定方法进行对比。结果表明所提方法及其技术架构不仅更适宜实现长时间的高精度检测,还具备低成本的特性。
