Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

Accelerated generation of holograms with ultra-low memory symmetrically high-compressed look-up table

Computer-generated holography technology has been widely applied,and as research in this field deepens,the demand for memory and computational power in small AR and VR devices continues to increase.This paper presents a hologram generation method,i.e.,a symmetrically high-compressed look-up table method,which can reduce memory usage by50%.In offline computing,half of the basic horizontal and vertical modulation factors are stored,halving the memory requirements without affecting inline speed.Currently,its potential extends to various holographic applications,including the production of optical diffraction elements.

Discrete multi-step phase hologram for high frequency acoustic modulation

Acoustic holograms can recover wavefront stored acoustic field information and produce high-fidelity complex acoustic fields. Benefiting from the huge spatial information that traditional acoustic elements cannot match, acoustic holograms pursue the realization of high-resolution complex acoustic fields and gradually tend to high-frequency ultrasound applications. However, conventional continuous phase holograms are limited by three-dimensional(3D) printing size, and the presence of unavoidable small printing errors makes it difficult to achieve acoustic field reconstruction at high frequency accuracy. Here, we present an optimized discrete multi-step phase hologram. It can ensure the reconstruction quality of image with high robustness, and properly lower the requirement for the 3D printing accuracy. Meanwhile, the concept of reconstruction similarity is proposed to refine a measure of acoustic field quality. In addition, the realized complex acoustic field at 20 MHz promotes the application of acoustic holograms at high frequencies and provides a new way to generate high-fidelity acoustic fields.

Complete-basis-reprogrammable coding metasurface for generating dynamicallycontrolled holograms under arbitrary polarization states

Reprogrammable metasurfaces,which establish a fascinating bridge between physical and information domains,can dynamically control electromagnetic(EM)waves in real time and thus have attracted great attentions from researchers around the world.To control EM waves with an arbitrary polarization state,it is desirable that a complete set of basis states be controlled independently since incident EM waves with an arbitrary polarization state can be decomposed as a linear sum of these basis states.In this work,we present the concept of complete-basis-reprogrammable coding metasurface(CBR-CM)in reflective manners,which can achieve independently dynamic controls over the reflection phases while maintaining the same amplitude for left-handed circularly polarized(LCP)waves and right-handed circularly polarized(RCP)waves.Since LCP and RCP waves together constitute a complete basis set of planar EM waves,dynamicallycontrolled holograms can be generated under arbitrarily polarized wave incidence.The dynamically reconfigurable metaparticle is implemented to demonstrate the CBR-CM’s robust capability of controlling the longitudinal and transverse positions of holograms under LCP and RCP waves independently.It’s expected that the proposed CBR-CM opens up ways of realizing more sophisticated and advanced devices with multiple independent information channels,which may provide technical assistance for digital EM environment reproduction.

Implementation of natural hand gestures in holograms for 3D object manipulation

Holograms provide a characteristic manner to display and convey information, and have been improved to provide better user interactions Holographic interactions are important as they improve user interactions with virtual objects. Gesture interaction is a recent research topic, as it allows users to use their bare hands to directly interact with the hologram. However, it remains unclear whether real hand gestures are well suited for hologram applications. Therefore, we discuss the development process and implementation of three-dimensional object manipulation using natural hand gestures in a hologram. We describe the design and development process for hologram applications and its integration with real hand gesture interactions as initial findings. Experimental results from Nasa TLX form are discussed. Based on the findings, we actualize the user interactions in the hologram.

计算全息检测技术的精度溯源研究现状分析(内封面文章)

随着光学系统性能的要求越来越高,非球面、自由曲面等复杂光学曲面能够提升系统的成像性能,因此提升复杂光学曲面的检测精度极为重要。干涉检测是测量复杂光学曲面的重要手段,其中计算全息检测法(Computer Generated Hologram,CGH)作为干涉检测中的一种,因其精度高和设计自由度大等优点得到了广泛的应用。但是在CGH检测复杂曲面的过程中存在的各类误差会影响波前检测的精度。文中首先介绍了计算全息法的检测精度现状,其次归纳总结了造成计算全息法误差的主要因素。分别介绍了不同误差的产生原理、影响效果、相对应标定补偿方法及适用情景和优缺点;并介绍了基于CGH占空比与线条位置误差的调研现状分析以及现有的研究方法;最后对计算全息法检测的精度溯源和精度提升研究趋势进行了展望。

基于自由曲面光学元件的大视场光学成像系统

面向机载探测系统大视场光学成像的需求,开展了大视场光学成像系统光学设计、自由曲面光学元件超精密加工、形位误差同步检测以及系统集成与成像实验研究。首先,采用视场扩展法进行大视场自由曲面离轴反射光学系统的设计;其次,进行铝合金自由曲面反射镜纳米精度加工和高频抑制工艺探索,并实现了基于计算全息元件的自由曲面形位高精度检测;最后,进行了光学系统的装调集成与成像实验。结果表明,系统的视场角为30°×5°,全视场光学传递函数值大于0.7,接近衍射极限,最大像元均方根半径为2.075μm,自由曲面光学元件的面形精度均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)值优于20 nm,位置精度优于1μm,装配集成后能够满足大视场高分辨的场景使用要求,同时具备稳定可靠和快响制造等特点。

基于混合相位的多平面全息显示

在计算全息术中,基于层析法实现多平面全息显示是最常用的方法之一。针对层析法中多个平面之间存在串扰的问题,本文结合随机相位和二次相位的优点,提出了一种基于混合相位的多平面全息显示方法。首先,选择合适的权重因子生成混合相位代替随机相位作为初始相位。利用迭代傅里叶变换算法进行迭代后,将获得的每个子全息图与具有不同重建距离的菲涅尔波带片叠加,接着将每个全息图以复振幅叠加,获取相位后得到纯相位全息图,从而将分层图像重构于指定的平面上。利用硅基液晶空间光调制器搭建多平面全息显示系统开展了相关的光学实验。实验结果表明,与基于随机相位的方法相比,本文方法提高了结构相似性参数(最高可达4.6%),减弱了多个全息重构平面之间的串扰,提高了多平面全息显示的再现质量。

联合全息平面与物平面的全息图质量评价

数字全息图可为用户提供更详细的3D信息;但其编码失真及特殊的性质为其质量评价带来了挑战。提出了一种联合全息平面与物平面的全参考全息图质量评价方法。首先,在全息平面上利用信息保真度准则度量了压缩全息图的退化程度。其次,在物平面上对重建的多视口参考全息图和压缩全息图提取显著性加权的梯度相似度,再利用Grünwald-Letnikov分数阶导数度量全局特征变化;结合二者计算重建的多视口参考全息图和压缩全息图的相似度。最后,将全息平面的计算结果和物平面的相似度作为联合特征,利用随机森林对以上特征进行训练,建立质量评价模型。实验结果表明,所提出方法的PLCC约为0.9179,SROCC约为0.9075,优于相关代表性全息图质量评价方法,与人眼主观感受契合度更高。

使用多核CPU-GPU异构系统快速生成计算全息图

为了充分利用计算机的计算性能提高基于点源模型的计算全息图(CGH)的生成速度,设计了基于多核中央处理单元(CPU)和图形处理单元(GPU)的计算全息图快速生成系统,并对该系统进行了优化。首先采用统一架构平台设计并实现了基于点源模型的计算全息图生成系统,提出了计算的优化策略;然后根据优化的计算公式来减少计算量;最后对任务调试等进行优化,构建CPU的并行计算系统,其中一个核心负责启动函数和传输数据,其余核心承担一部分计算任务,进一步提高计算速度。结果表明,设计的系统能让CPU和GPU的性能均得到充分利用,在同等配置的计算硬件条件下,生成计算全息图的加速比较GPU系统计算全息图的加速比提高了4~4.75倍,可以有效提高计算全息图的生成速度。该研究对快速生成3维场景全息图是有帮助的。

植物精油成分气相色谱保留指数的全息定量构效关系

气相色谱保留指数(RI)是色谱分析中的重要参数,但通过实验获取RI值的过程较为繁琐,需要建立一种简便、高效、准确的模型来预测RI值。本文搜集了60种植物精油成分的RI实验值,构建了精油成分化合物的结构性质与RI值之间的全息定量构效关系(HQSAR)模型。当碎片大小(fragment size)、碎片特征(fragment distinction)和全息长度(hologram length)模型参数分别设置为“1~4”、“C,Ch”和199时,可以建立最优HQSAR模型。利用外部测试集验证和留一交叉验证对模型进行检验,经外部测试集验证的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)、预测决定系数(Q_(F3)^(2))、一致性相关系数(CCC)和平均相对误差(MRE)分别为40.45、0.984、0.968和2.20%;经留一交叉验证的交叉验证均方根误差(RMSECV)和MRE分别为72.56和4.17%。此外,HQSAR模型的分子贡献图表明,芳香族化合物的烷基链在连接了羟基基团后,其RI值会增大;脂肪族化合物中存在的长链烷基也会导致RI值增大。研究结果表明,所建立的HQSAR模型能够用于预测植物精油成分的RI值,并为其他精油成分RI值的预测提供可靠依据。

面向镜面面形可检测性的离轴三反光学系统设计方法

光学系统镜面面形的可检测性是光学系统从设计走向应用的基本条件。目前的光学系统设计方法多侧重于约束外形尺寸、提高成像质量,光学系统设计和光学元件检测设计与评估经常是先后进行的,在系统设计时不直接得到检测性的反馈。对于高指标要求的光学系统,容易造成系统像质设计良好、但元件检测难度过大的情况,使光学系统的落地应用产生瓶颈。在光学系统优化设计过程中,融入检测的相关理论方法是解决光学元件面形可检测性的重要途经。以离轴三反光学系统设计为切入点,CGH(Computer Generated Hologram)为光学元件检测工具,推导了光学系统设计参数与CGH相关参数的数学关系,作为光学系统面形的可检测性的桥梁,建立了面向镜面面形可检测性评估的离轴三反光学系统设计方法。在设计验证环节,以焦距为800 mm、F数为4、视场为14°×2°的离轴三反系统为例进行了设计仿真,在保证系统像质(调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function,MTF)值大于0.4@100 lp/mm)的同时,将用于检测的CGH最小条纹宽度从4.84μm提升到14.34μm,提高了非球面反射镜的可检测性。该设计方法实现了在光学设计中对检测参数的评估与控制,对降低光学元件检测难度、提高光学系统设计的可实现性具有一定意义。

RFreeTrack:基于差分相位全息图的RFID非接触式鲁棒定位系统

针对复杂室内环境非接触式RFID目标定位误差大的问题,提出了RFreeTrack系统,其使用商用RFID设备计算出目标反射信号,实现了复杂环境下高精度非接触式目标定位。首先,提出了一种基于时间序列相似度的搜索方法用于校准静态信号,从而显著增强了目标反射信号提取的鲁棒性。然后,提出了基于差分相位全息图的非接触式定位方法,排除阅读器天线位置的影响,提升了定位准确度,降低了系统的部署难度。最后,实现了一个高精度的非接触式定位系统原型。实验表明,在复杂环境中使用校准后的静态信号提取出的目标反射信号相位,相较于现有方法误差降低了68.8%。基于校准过的静态反射信号,在复杂环境中使用差分相位全息图的定位误差平均值为0.040 8 m,相较于现有方法提升了50.6%。

Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.

基于全息投影技术的体感互动控制系统

本文设计基于全息投影技术的体感互动控制系统,有效控制用户体感互动操作过程。通过全息投影显像模块利用高速多分幅激光全息投影仪,感应用户操作手势及场景,获取用户及场景的激光全息图片,成像单元依据全息图片,利用金字塔结构获取用户及场景的全息影像;经由无线通信模块传输至体感互动控制模块,依据三维全息影像,建立手指几何模型,识别手指触碰投影面的状态,通过触碰投影面完成互动控制;利用体感互动面呈现互动画面。实验证明:该系统可有效构建用户及场景的全息影像,并有效控制体感互动操作过程;不同光束波长时,全息成像颜色效果较优。

基于体全息技术的空中成像系统设计

基于体全息的空中成像技术是一种新型的显示技术,具有空中成实像、无需任何介质和影像可触摸的特点。介绍了空中成像技术。针对空中成实像的显示需求,通过对全息成像的理论计算,设计了两步拍摄光路,实现了在高度100 mm处,形成大小79.8 mm×99.4 mm的实像,视场角为水平7.92°,垂直7.92°。结合传感技术形成空中无接触操作系统,该系统具有视觉体验和无接触的新型交互特点,为各行业发展提供新的技术选择。

Vibration parameter measurement using the temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform

Real time digital recording and numerical reconstruction of a temporal digital hologram sequence have become feasible in recent years.They provide a new measurement method which enjoys the valuable advantages of being full-field,noncontact and high precision.In this paper,a combined method of temporal digital hologram sequence and windowed Fourier transform is proposed to measure the kinematic parameters of random vibration.A series of holograms are recorded by CCD camera and the original phase can be reconstructed by Fresnel reconstruction algorithm.The three-dimensional windowed Fourier transform is used to filter noise in phase and extract the instantaneous kinematic parameters of the specimen,such as the displacement,velocity and acceleration.An experiment is conducted on a chloroprene rubber latex membrane.Results demonstrate that the proposed method determines the vibration parameters precisely and enjoys many merits.

Circular Polarization Hologram Realized by Pancharatnam-Berry Phase in Microwave Frequency

Metasurfaces have shown great potential in controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves, making them suitable for holographic beam-shaping elements. Using the principle of array synthesis, holograms have been realized in microwave frequency to manipulate electromagnetic waves to generate specific field patterns. However, current research is almost based on linear polarization and has little analysis on the circular polarization microwave hologram. Herein, we propose a circular polarization hologram realized by sub-wavelength units with self-adaptively phase profiles of electromagnetic waves. The full, continuous control of the phase is achieved by using a single structure unit based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. The inhomogeneity of wave-front is considered through amplitude and phase compensation which are essential to improve the quality of microwave hologram. The model achieves circular polarization hologram in microwave frequency and the clear field pattern is generated. The circular polarization hologram enriched the research field of microwave imaging, thus providing more inspirations for the development of various related techniques.

Phase-only stereoscopic hologram calculation based on Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm

A phase-only computer-generated holography（CGH） calculation method for stereoscopic holography is proposed in this paper.The two-dimensional（2D） perspective projection views of the three-dimensional（3D） object are generated by the computer graphics rendering techniques.Based on these views,a phase-only hologram is calculated by using the Gerchberg–Saxton（GS） iterative algorithm.Comparing with the non-iterative algorithm in the conventional stereoscopic holography,the proposed method improves the holographic image quality,especially for the phase-only hologram encoded from the complex distribution.Both simulation and optical experiment results demonstrate that our proposed method can give higher quality reconstruction comparing with the traditional method.

Grid-based computer-generated holograms synthesizing for holographic three-dimensional display

To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic display （ GHD ） scheme was designed. The grid computing technology was applied to numerically process the different angular projections of an object in distributed-parallel manner to create the corresponding CGHs. The whole treatment of a projection was regarded as a job executed on the grid node machine. The number of jobs which were submitted to grid nodes, therefore, was equal to that of the projections of the object. A Condor-based grid testbed was constructed to verify the feasibility of the GHD scheme, and a graphical user interface （GUI） program and several service modules were developed for it. A 3D terrain model as an example was processed on the testbed. The result showed that the scheme was feasible and able to improve the execution elficiency greatly.