Application and realization of key technologies in China railway e-ticketing system

Purpose–With the yearly increase of mileage and passenger volume in China’s high-speed railway,the problems of traditional paper railway tickets have become increasingly prominent,including complexity of business handling process,low efficiency of ticket inspection and high cost of usage and management.This paper aims to make extensive references to successful experiences of electronic ticket applications both domestically and internationally.The research on key technologies and system implementation of railway electronic ticket with Chinese characteristics has been carried out.Design/methodology/approach–Research in key technologies is conducted including synchronization technique in distributed heterogeneous database system,the grid-oriented passenger service record(PSR)data storage model,efficient access to massive PSR data under high concurrency condition,the linkage between face recognition service platforms and various terminals in large scenarios,and two-factor authentication of the e-ticket identification code based on the key and the user identity information.Focusing on the key technologies and architecture the of existing ticketing system,multiple service resources are expanded and developed such as electronic ticket clusters,PSR clusters,face recognition clusters and electronic ticket identification code clusters.Findings–The proportion of paper ticket printed has dropped to 20%,saving more than 2 billion tickets annually since the launch of the application of E-ticketing nationwide.The average time for passengers to pass through the automatic ticket gates has decreased from 3 seconds to 1.3 seconds,significantly improving the efficiency of passenger transport organization.Meanwhile,problems of paper ticket counterfeiting,reselling and loss have been generally eliminated.Originality/value–E-ticketing has laid a technical foundation for the further development of railway passenger transport services in the direction of digitalization and intelligence.

Account Based Ticketing: The Benefits and Drivers for Transit Operators

This paper aims to explore the importance and efficiency of using open payment cards in transit applications as an alternative to current propitiatory cards. This data can be beneficial to transit planners, from regular operation of the transit system down to the long-term strategic planning of the network. This paper covers several aspects of open payment cards in the transit planning context. First, the methods of payments are presented: cash, debit/credit cards, proprietary cards, and mobile payments. Then the several cases where open payments on transit are beneficial. Also reported are open card payment research conducted around the globe. Finally, the most promising online survey is performed to measure the perspective of the rider on using account-based ticketing versus the traditionally closed loop scheme. Mobility and payments are foundations pillars for developing communities and advancing economy [1].

An Initial Approach for a NFC M-Ticketing Urban Transport System

Public transport plays an important role in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people. The limited national and local finances starve the public transport networks of funding, although greater usage would imply important environmental and financial benefits. The recent advances in mobile technologies and services could be harnessed to increase the attractiveness and efficiency of various public transport systems. Increasingly flexible electronic ticketing, smart cards and real-time information feeds via smartphones are making transportation networks faster, cheaper and more efficient for both the passengers and operators. In this paper, we present our approach in designing and implementing an M-ticketing system for urban transport based on NFC technology. We make initial design decisions based on a study of two similar systems Oyster and U-Go. We make use of Microsoft technologies for the prototype implementation and we propose a test suite to validate the system. We conclude on presenting the experience gained from this project and propose a set of further developments in order for the prototype to become more realistic.

Incident and Problem Ticket Clustering and Classification Using Deep Learning

A holistic analysis of problem and incident tickets in a real production cloud service environment is presented in this paper.By extracting different bags of words,we use principal component analysis(PCA)to examine the clustering characteristics of these tickets.Then Kmeans and latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA)are applied to show the potential clusters within this Cloud environment.The second part of our study uses a pre-trained bidirectional encoder representation from transformers(BERT)model to classify the tickets,with the goal of predicting the optimal dispatching department for a given ticket.Experimental results show that due to the unique characteristics of ticket description,pre-processing with domain knowledge turns out to be critical in both clustering and classification.Our classification model yields 86%accuracy when predicting the target dispatching department.

Can Real-Name Registration Clean Up Micro-Blogs?

Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau and related departments have issued a regulation to strengthen the management of Twitter-like micro-blogs.The regulation,issued on December 16,2011,requires Internet companies registered in the city and offering micro-blogging services to have their users register with their real names and personal information.Users＇ identity information must be validated before they begin blogging.Starting March 16,2012,microbloggers without real-name registration will not be allowed to blog.

Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-Ticketing System in the Bus Transport Sector in Ghana

Electronic ticketing (E-ticketing), an innovative mode of issuing and delivering tickets, is becoming prevalent and is employed by many transport companies in Europe, America, Asia, and some parts of Africa to reduce the cost that goes with printing tickets. This study investigated E-ticketing adoption in the bus transport sector in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Structural Equation Modelling technique was used to analyse the factors affecting the intention to use the E-ticketing system. In that regard, the study was based on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, and demographic variables. Quantitative research approaches were used by distributing questionnaires to 392 passengers, employing the cluster and random sampling techniques. Findings from the study showed that perceived usefulness and subjective norm were the significant factors affecting passengers’ intention to adopt the E-ticketing system. Besides, perceived ease of use and subjective norms were significant in predicting passengers’ perceived usefulness of adopting E-ticketing system. The findings of this research will provide the government, industrial players, and the entire public a better understanding of the perceived factors that could enhance or serve as a barrier to passengers’ adoption of the E-ticketing system. This can also lead to the development of effective E-ticketing marketing strategies.

高速铁路多列车客票预分与通售策略协同优化

在客票预分方案中设置通售票能使分配票额有效适应售票过程中动态变化的购票需求,但也容易出现通售票过早肢解,从而导致后续长途OD对旅客购票失败、通售票无法充分利用。为避免此情况出现以进一步提高通售票的利用率,考虑通售票销售策略与铁路客票预分方案的协同优化问题,实现由OD固定票、通售票构成的客票预分方案与通售票发售策略(以下简称“通售策略”)的协同优化。首先,基于旅客随机购票需求描述、旅客购票列车选择分析,构建铁路客票预分方案与通售策略协同优化模型,以客票总收益最大化为目标,考虑列车席位能力、列车服务、客票量上下限以及通售发售策略等约束;其次,在生成多套购票需求样本的基础上,结合旅客出行购票过程的仿真,设计模型求解的粒子群算法。算例结果表明对比不考虑通售策略的客票预分方案,本文优化方法能使列车平均客座率提高4.96%、列车客票总收益提高2.74%,充分验证了引入通售策略能有效实现客票的灵活与充分利用。

我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径及完善

我国正拓展生态产品价值的实现模式,生态产品的价值实现机制已由倚重政府的路径向多样化的路径转变,其中的市场路径备受关注。自然保护地是国土空间中依法划定或确认的特定区域,国土空间规划和生态保护红线为自然保护地生态系统的长久保护提供了制度保障,因此,自然保护地提供的生态产品是优质、稳定且可持续的。研究探讨自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径对于生态产品价值的实现具有重要意义。运用实证分析方法,对我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径进行了梳理。我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的既有市场路径主要为物质产品交易、门票、风景名胜资源特许经营和横向生态保护补偿。这4条市场路径以门票为主体、其他方式为补充,且存在明显的缺陷:物质产品实现的方式受限;门票的方式倚重于旅游消费市场;风景名胜资源特许经营中有偿使用费收取不规范;碳汇交易尚未得到运用。为此,应明晰自然保护地生态产品的产权,鼓励和支持自然保护地原住民参与特许经营,培育自然保护地生态产品的交易市场,以公益性为原则明确门票的定价规则,完善自然保护地特许经营中有偿使用费的收取。

城市交通、距离衰减与票价——来自北京市表演艺术行业的实证考察

表演艺术需求的决定因素是文化经济学关注的焦点。城市交通带来的区域可达性和便捷性为城市生活活动带来正向外部效应,可能消减距离衰减对票价的影响。本研究基于中票在线的北京市2011年11月至2022年5月148770场演出数据,运用逐步回归法,实证探讨了城市交通、距离衰减与表演艺术票价之间的关系。研究结果表明,票价与演出场所距城市商业中心距离正相关,公交车线路数量和地铁线路数量缓解了距离衰减对票价的作用,呈现出显著正向推动作用,证实了城市交通正向外部调节效应的存在。此外,表演艺术类别、演出场所规模以及所在行政区划等因素也对票价产生显著影响。这些发现对于理解和优化表演艺术市场,为城市交通规划和文化产业发展提供了重要的理论和实践参考。

高速铁路旅客购票时间选择行为研究

研究高速铁路旅客的购票行为对铁路企业预测需求、优化票价、分配票额等具有重要意义。考虑旅客个体和群体层面的异质性,分别构建混合和潜在类别Logit模型,研究出行时段、票种和供需关系等因素对旅客购票时间选择的影响。利用售票数据估计模型参数,得到高速铁路旅客购票时间选择的规律:一天中下午和晚上出行的旅客在出行当日或前一天购票的可能性更高;购买全价票、儿童票、半价票的旅客偏向于在距离出发日9~30 d内购票,免票旅客往往选择随到随走;供需关系会显著影响旅客的购票时间选择而且越临近出发日影响越显著。进一步结合预售期购票量预测值和旅客购票选择概率,计算各预售阶段的购票量,可为铁路企业制定票额预分和浮动票价等策略提供决策依据。

面向车次取消的票额分配与停站方案组合优化研究

当列车因严重干扰而取消时,大量旅客将在车站滞留,同时铁路公司收益也会受到一定影响,合理的票额分配是解决此类问题的有效方法。在差异化设置换乘旅客优先权基础上,构建了以铁路公司收益最大化和偏离原时刻表最小化为目标的票额分配和停站方案组合优化模型,并通过增加不等式组约束条件将其线性化;利用求解器GUROBI对上述模型进行求解并分析算例。研究结果表明:当列车因干扰而取消时,与不采用任何措施相比,灵活停站策略能有效地减少滞留旅客数量19.7%以上;铁路公司收益增加21.8%以上。

高速铁路预售期旅客购票量分布预测

在预售前(相隔31 d)预测高速铁路预售期旅客购票量分布是铁路企业精准进行收益管理的前提。基于高速铁路预售模式和旅客售票数据,分析预售期内各预售日旅客购票量的相关性,探究预售期旅客购票量分布的影响因素。综合考虑出发日特征以及旅客购票量分布时序特征的影响,构建了考虑多输出间关联性的最小二乘支持向量回归-卷积长短期记忆网络(MLSSVR-ConvLSTM)模型。以京沪高铁线路中上海虹桥站至北京南站、上海虹桥站至徐州东站、上海虹桥站至无锡东站这3种不同距离OD旅客为例,进行预售期旅客购票量分布预测实例分析。研究结果显示:MLSSVR-ConvLSTM模型预测结果较好地反映了真实的预售期旅客购票量分布的变化趋势,平均绝对百分比误差为6.7%~11.0%,预测效果优于多元线性回归(MLR)、K近邻回归(KN)、极致梯度提升算法(XGBoost)、支持向量回归机(SVM)、多输出最小二乘支持向量回归(MLSSVR)和卷积长短期记忆网络(ConvLSTM)等模型,验证了所提出模型的合理性和有效性。进而表明,在构建预售期旅客购票量分布预测模型时,考虑预售期旅客购票量分布整体性以及各类因素的综合影响可有效地提高模型预测精度。所提出的预售期旅客购票量分布预测模型可以为铁路企业制定动态票额分配和浮动票价等政策提供理论支撑。

基于深度强化学习的高铁客票动态定价算法

为了解决需求函数未知情况下的高铁客票动态定价问题。以最大化单列车期望收益为目标构建Markov多阶段决策模型并设计DQN(Deep Q Net)强化学习框架寻找动态定价最优策略。算法以当日收益为奖励,通过神经网络来逼近所有状态-动作组合的期望最优收益。为验证算法性能,基于市场动态和旅客行为,开发高铁客运需求模拟系统并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,智能体动态定价策略可以在不同需求水平下灵活调整价格,其性能接近理论上界并且显著优于对比策略。

基于知识图谱与SCD文件的智能变电站二次检修安全措施自动生成技术研究

智能站采用光纤传递数字和模拟信号,使常规站基于“短电流、断电压、拆跳闸”方式的二次安全措施理论不再适用于智能站。为解决传统人工拟票方式编制效率低、错误率高等问题,提出基于知识图谱与智能变电站配置描述文件(substation configuration description, SCD)的二次检修安全措施自动生成技术。首先,基于SCD文件和知识图谱构建配置数据库,并按照设定规则实现虚回路与软压板的半自动关联。其次,依据智能站规范中的二次安措编制准则,构建安措规则库并引入安措执行优先级编码字段。最后,由二次安措自动生成技术基于配置数据库与安措规则库完成检修设备二次信息的规则匹配,用于自动生成二次安措票。仿真结果表明,该技术能够根据现场检修任务自动正确生成二次安措票,提高智能变电站技改、消缺和校验的工作效率,降低人工编制错误率,为实现智能化运检一体提供参考。

苏州城市轨道交通售检票系统多源市民卡兼容接入研究

[目的]为了解决市域轨道交通运营时售检票系统对其他市民卡票种兼容接入的问题,需对苏州大市范围内的市民卡兼容接入进行统一规划,以形成一套完备的兼容接入方案。[方法]为此,根据苏州城市轨道交通售检票系统市民卡接入现状,梳理苏州市民卡的接入业务,分析市民卡兼容接入需求及接入工作内容;从优惠政策、技术标准、票卡结构等方面分析市民卡接入的实施难点及合理的解决思路,并根据交易结算方式提出间接接入、直接接入、混合接入3种兼容接入方案;从经济性、安全性、便捷性等层面对各方案进行了比选,并从标准制定、参数化配置两方面对兼容接入的具体实施提出建议。[结果及结论]研究和方案比较结果表明:售检票系统市民卡兼容接入涉及诸多难点,需多方协调解决;混合接入方案兼顾了改造工作量及各接入方的权益,灵活性强、适用性更好;制定市民卡兼容接入标准能够有效降低接入难度及接入成本。

铁路客票电子票库系统服务化改造设计与应用

为进一步提高铁路客票电子票库系统业务的可扩展性和业务复用能力,在原有架构基础上对电子票库系统进行服务化改造,详细阐述系统适配、数据库迁移、业务流量迁移等改造关键技术。试运行的效果表明,经过服务化改造后的电子票库系统具有良好的扩展性和业务复用能力,为铁路客票发售与预订系统大并发交易和业务创新提供了有力支撑。

基于监控视频数据的城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱特征研究

[目的]为科学设置闸机,改善其实际通行能力,以及减少行人异常停滞行为带来的拥挤风险,需对城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱特征进行研究。[方法]利用视频轨迹追踪技术,采集城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处监控视频中的行人运动参数;确定行人停滞行为表征指标,从闸机类型、行人流及个体停滞行为三类要素构建了城市轨道交通车站闸机设施处行人停滞行为谱,并采用四分位差法确定行人停滞行为谱表征指标上下限阈值;对行人停滞行为起点至闸翼/闸杆中心的纵向距离和横向距离,以及行人停滞范围和停滞时间等4个表征指标的差异性进行了分析,并全面解析了不同闸机类型和不同行人流率下的行人停滞行为谱特征。[结果及结论]行人易在闸机设施正前方停滞,行人停滞行为起点至闸翼/闸杆中心的纵向距离远大于其横向距离;当行人流率为>5~10人次/min时,行人停滞范围波动性最大;随着行人流量的增加,行人可用空间、停滞范围及停滞时间均减小。

基于“支付意愿法”和“优劣尺度法”的武夷山国家公园门票定价研究

以武夷山国家公园为例,使用游客支付意愿法(WTP)和优劣尺度法(BWS),结合线性相关分析和二元logit回归分析等定量分析方法,探究游客对武夷山公园的支付意愿以及影响因素。结果表明,通过BWS方法分析游客对国家公园门票的支付意愿具有可行性。游客整体支付意愿集中在61~150元,通过Maxdiff模型得到游客支付意愿为77.04元。游客的支付意愿与游客的满意度以及在景区日平均消费之间正相关,游客的整体满意度越高,其支付意愿越高。日均花销、游客数量和景区基础设施等因素对支付意愿的影响较为显著,日均消费越高的受访者的支付意愿更受游客数量和景区服务质量的影响。

goTicket性能测试平台的开发与应用

为满足对互联网售票系统进行大并发模拟测试的需求,基于开源G r i n d e r框架设计开发go Ticket性能测试平台,并应用该平台对系统进行压力测试和性能调优。

沪苏城市轨道交通票务互联互通研究

为推动上海和苏州两市城市轨道交通票务系统的互联互通,对其建设的业务需求、现存难点及实施方案等进行深入研究。首先,梳理上海市与苏州市轨道交通票务系统的发展现状,并分析票务系统互联互通的业务需求。然后从密钥体系、票卡结构以及软件接口3方面详细探讨票务系统互联互通的难点和挑战。最后,综合考虑这些需求和难点后,从二维码车票互通、换乘客流组织以及票务处理3个方面提出沪苏城市轨道交通票务互联互通的解决思路及相关方案,为乘客提供更加便捷、畅通的出行体验。可有效推动沪苏城市间票务系统“互联互通”格局的建立,同时为都市圈城市轨道交通自动售检票系统的互联互通设计与实施提供指导与参考。