DuFNet:Dual Flow Network of Real-Time Semantic Segmentation for Unmanned Driving Application of Internet of Things

The application of unmanned driving in the Internet of Things is one of the concrete manifestations of the application of artificial intelligence technology.Image semantic segmentation can help the unmanned driving system by achieving road accessibility analysis.Semantic segmentation is also a challenging technology for image understanding and scene parsing.We focused on the challenging task of real-time semantic segmentation in this paper.In this paper,we proposed a novel fast architecture for real-time semantic segmentation named DuFNet.Starting from the existing work of Bilateral Segmentation Network(BiSeNet),DuFNet proposes a novel Semantic Information Flow(SIF)structure for context information and a novel Fringe Information Flow(FIF)structure for spatial information.We also proposed two kinds of SIF with cascaded and paralleled structures,respectively.The SIF encodes the input stage by stage in the ResNet18 backbone and provides context information for the feature fusionmodule.Features from previous stages usually contain rich low-level details but high-level semantics for later stages.Themultiple convolutions embed in Parallel SIF aggregate the corresponding features among different stages and generate a powerful global context representation with less computational cost.The FIF consists of a pooling layer and an upsampling operator followed by projection convolution layer.The concise component provides more spatial details for the network.Compared with BiSeNet,our work achieved faster speed and comparable performance with 72.34%mIoU accuracy and 78 FPS on Cityscapes Dataset based on the ResNet18 backbone.

Experimental Model and Analytic Solution for Real-time Observation of Vehicle's Additional Steer Angle

The current research of real-time observation for vehicle roll steer angle and compliance steer angle（both of them comprehensively referred as the additional steer angle in this paper） mainly employs the linear vehicle dynamic model, in which only the lateral acceleration of vehicle body is considered. The observation accuracy resorting to this method cannot meet the requirements of vehicle real-time stability control, especially under extreme driving conditions. The paper explores the solution resorting to experimental method. Firstly, a multi-body dynamic model of a passenger car is built based on the ADAMS/Car software, whose dynamic accuracy is verified by the same vehicle＇s roadway test data of steady static circular test. Based on this simulation platform, several influencing factors of additional steer angle under different driving conditions are quantitatively analyzed. Then ε-SVR algorithm is employed to build the additional steer angle prediction model, whose input vectors mainly include the sensor information of standard electronic stability control system（ESC）. The method of typical slalom tests and FMVSS 126 tests are adopted to make simulation, train model and test model＇s generalization performance. The test result shows that the influence of lateral acceleration on additional steer angle is maximal （the magnitude up to 1°）, followed by the longitudinal acceleration-deceleration and the road wave amplitude （the magnitude up to 0.3°）. Moreover, both the prediction accuracy and the calculation real-time of the model can meet the control requirements of ESC This research expands the accurate observation methods of the additional steer angle under extreme driving conditions.

Real-time observation of integrin bending/unbending conformational changes on living cells

Introduction Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules broadly expressed on the surface of a wide variety of cells as heterodimers. Binding of integrins to ligands provides not only mechanical anchorage for the cell to another cell or

Field observation of debris-flow activities in the initiation area of the Jiangjia Gully, Yunnan Province, China

The Jiangjia Gully, which is located in Dongchuan District, Yunnan Province, China, is a watershed prone to debris flows and has long-term recorded data of debris-flow occurrence. However, the initiation mechanism has mainly been studied by experiments in this watershed. To further reveal debris-flow formation mechanism in the Jiangjia Gully, debris-flow activities in the initiation zone were observed with hand-held video cameras in the summer of 2016 and 2017. In these two years, six debris-flow events were triggered in Menqian Gully, a major tributary of the Jiangjia Gully, while debrisflow activities in some sub-watersheds of Menqian Gully were recorded with video cameras in four events. The video recording shows that landslides constituted an important source for sediment supply in debris flow. Some landslides directly evolved into debris flows, while the others released sediment into rills and channels, where debris flows were generated for sediment entrainment by water flow. Therefore, debris-flow occurrence in the Jiangjia Gully is influenced both by infiltration-dominated processes and by runoff-dominated processes. In addition, rainfall data from four gauges installed in Menqian Gully were analyzed using mean intensity(I), duration(D), peak 10-minute rainfall(R10min) and antecedent rainfall(AR) up to 15 days prior to peak 10-minute rainfall. It reveals that debris-flow triggering events can be discriminated from nontriggering events either by an I-D threshold or by an R10min-AR threshold. However, false alarms can be greatly reduced if these two kinds of thresholds are used together. Moreover, behaviors including intermittency of debris flow, variance in moisture content and volume among surges, and coalescence of multiple surges by temporary damming were observed, indicating the complexity of debris-flow initiation processes. These findings are expected to enhance our knowledge on debris-flow formation mechanism in regions with similar environmental settings.

Real-time Three-Dimensional Color Doppler Flow Imaging： An Improved Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Aortic Regurgitation

The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging （RT-3D CDFI） technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume （RJV） and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction （RJF） in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes （LVEDV）, end-systolic volumes （LVESV） and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume （RV） and regurgitant fraction （RF） calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler （2D-PD） method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements （r= 0.93, Y=0.89X＋ 3.9, SEE= 8.6 mL, P〈0.001 ）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was - 1.5 （9.8） mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method （r=0.88, Y=0.71X＋ 14.8, SEE= 6.4 %, P〈0. 001）; the mean （SD） difference between the two methods was -1.2 （7.9） %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.

The Design of a Three-Dimensional Physical Modeling System for Real-Time Groundwater Flows

In the past decades,physical modeling has been widely used in hydrogeology for teaching,studying and exhibition purposes.Most of these models are used to illustrate hydrogeological profiles,but few can depict three-dimensional groundwater flows,making it impossible to validate groundwater flows simulated by numerical methods with physical modeling.

Direct observation of bunching of elementary steps on protein crystals under forced flow conditions

Bunching of elementary steps by solution flow is still not yet clarified for protein crystals. Hence, in this study, we observed elementary steps on crystal surfaces of model protein hen egg-white lysozyme （HEWL） under forced flow conditions, by our advanced optical microscopy. We found that in the case of a HEWL solution of 99.99% purity, forced flow changed bunched steps into elementary ones （debunching） on tetragonal HEWL crystals. In contrast, in the case of a HEWL solution of 98.5% purity, forced flow significantly induced bunching of elementary steps. These results indicate that in the case of HEWL crystals, the mass transfer of impurities is more significantly enhanced by forced solution flow than that of solute HEWL molecules. We also showed that forced flow induced the incorporation of microcrystals into a mother crystal and the subsequent formation of screw dislocations and spiral growth hillocks.

Field Observations of Near-Surface Wind Flow Across Expressway Embankment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Crushed rock layers(CRLs),ventilation ducts(VDs)and thermosyphons are air-cooling structures(ACSs)widely used for maintaining the long-term stability of engineered infrastructures in permafrost environments.These ACSs can effectively cool and maintain the permafrost subgrade’s frozen state under climate warming by facilitating heat exchange with ambient air in cold seasons.As convection is a crucial working mechanism of these ACSs,it is imperative to understand the near-surface wind flow(NSWF)across a constructed infrastructure,such as an embankment.This article describes a yearlong field observation of the NSWF across an experimental expressway embankment,the first of its kind on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP).The wind speed and direction along a transect perpendicular to the embankment on both the windward and leeward sides and at four different heights above the ground surface were collected and analyzed.The results showed that the embankment has a considerable impact on the NSWF speed within a distance of up to ten times its height,and in the direction on the leeward side.A power law can well describe the speed profiles of NSWF across the embankment,with the power-law indices(PLIs)varying from 0.14 to 0.40.On an annual basis,the fitted NSWF PLI far away from the embankment was 0.19,which differs substantially from the values widely used in previous thermal performance evaluations of ACSs on the QTP.Finally,the significance of the NSWF to the thermal performance of the ACSs,particularly the CRLs and VDs,in linear transportation infrastructure is discussed.It is concluded that underestimating the PLI and neglecting wind direction variations may lead to unconservative designs of the ACSs.The results reported in this study can provide valuable guidance for infrastructure engineering on the QTP and other similar permafrost regions.

A Parallel Approach for Real-Time Power Flow in Distribution Networks

The new reality of smart distribution systems with use of generation sources of small and medium sizes brings new challenges for the operation of these systems. The complexity and the large number of nodes requires use of methods which can reduce the processing time of algorithms such as power flow, allowing its use in real time. This paper presents a known methodology for calculating the power flow in three phases using backward/forward sweep method, and also considering other network elements such as voltage regulators, shunt capacitors and sources of dispersed generation of types PV （active power and voltage） and PQ （active and reactive power）. After that, new elements are introduced that allow the parallelization of this algorithm and an adequate distribution of work between the available processors. The algorithm was implemented using a multi-tiered architecture; the processing times were measured in many network configurations and compared with the same algorithm in the serial version.

Application of GPS technology to build a mine-subsidence observation station

We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.

EISCAT Observations of Main Ionization Troughs in the High-Latitude Ionosphere

F-region electron density depletions associated with main ionization troughs in the high-latitude ionosphere are studied using EISCAT CP3 data of meridian scanning experiments. The troughs in our observations are found to appear mainly in dusk sector, extending from late afternoon to pre-midnight, with higher occurrence rate during equinox and winter. Simultaneous ion drift velocity inF-region shows that the main trough minimum is mostly located at the equator ward edge of the plasma convection flow, rather than in the region where the largest ion flow are observed.

Real-Time Traffic Signal Timing for Urban Road Multi-Intersection

this paper develops a real-time traffic signal timing model which is to be integrated into a single intersection for urban road, thereby solving the problem of traffic congestion. We analyze the current situation of the traffic flow with release matrix firstly, and then put forward the basic models to minimize total delay time of vehicles at the intersection. The optimal real-time signal timing model (non-fixed cycle and non-fixed split) is built with the Webster split optimal model. At last, the simulated results, which are compared with conventional model, manifest the promising properties of proposed model.

Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway System—A case study

The Chicago Area Waterway System(CAWS)is a 133.9 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures,in which the majority of the flow is treated wastewater effluent and there are periods of substantial combined sewer overflows.The CAWS comprises a network of effluent dominated streams.More stringent dissolved oxygen(DO)standards and a reduced flow augmentation allowance have been recently applied to the CAWS.Therefore,a carefully calibrated and verified one-dimensional flow and water quality model was applied to the CAWS to determine emission-based real-time control guidelines for the operation of flow augmentation and aeration stations.The goal of these guidelines was to attain DO standards at least 95%of the time.The“optimal”guidelines were tested for representative normal,dry,and wet years.The finally proposed guidelines were found in the simulations to attain the 95%target for nearly all locations in the CAWS for the three test years.The developed operational guidelines have been applied since 2018 and have shown improved attainment of the DO standards throughout the CAWS while at the same time achieving similar energy use at the aeration stations on the Calumet River system,greatly lowered energy use on the Chicago River system,and greatly lowered discretionary diversion from Lake Michigan,meeting the recently enacted lower amount of allowed annual discretionary diversion.This case study indicates that emission-based real-time control developed from a well calibrated model holds potential to help many receiving water bodies achieve high attainment of water quality standards.

HyperFLOW软件非结构网格亚跨声速湍流模拟的验证与确认

计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟在航空航天等领域发挥越来越重要的作用,然而CFD数值模拟结果的可信度仍然需要通过不断地验证与确认来提高.本文给出了从制造解精度测试、简单到复杂外形湍流模拟网格收敛性研究等三个方面开展CFD软件验证与确认的方法,并对自主研发的CFD软件平台HyperFLOW在非结构网格上模拟亚跨声速湍流问题的能力进行了验证与确认.首先通过基于Euler方程和标量扩散方程的制造解精度测试,分别验证了HyperFLOW在非结构网格上对Euler方程和黏性项的求解精度,结果表明其能够在任意非结构网格上达到设计的二阶精度.其次,通过NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource中的湍流平板、二维翼型近尾迹流动、二维Bump等几个典型的亚声速湍流算例的网格收敛性研究,量化考察了数值结果的观测精度阶和网格收敛性指数,并与国外知名CFD解算器CFL3D,FUN3D的计算结果进行了对比,验证了HyperFLOW对简单湍流问题的模拟能力,且具有良好的网格收敛性和计算精度(阶).最后,通过NASA Common Research Model标模定升力系数的网格收敛性研究和升阻极曲线预测,验证了软件在复杂外形亚跨声速湍流流动数值模拟中也具有良好的可信度.

基于磁感应联合加热的高压海缆工厂接头制备技术

目前国内外电缆厂家制备工厂接头多采用经典模具单向加热技术(简称单向加热),虽然部分厂家已对磁感应联合加热技术(简称联合加热)进行应用,但对接头处的温度分布与绝缘性能研究甚少。该文对联合加热与单向加热进行电磁-热仿真计算,根据仿真策略进行试验,并取试样进行界面观测,且对电学性能、交联程度与力学拉伸性能进行对比测试。研究结果表明,通过仿真分析,联合加热中感应线圈向接头区域传递的热流密度远高于金属模具,将预热-交联阶段耗时由单向加热的10 h降低至3 h 20 min,显著提高了加热效率,并使加热区域达到合理温度范围;在联合加热中,与单向加热相比,本体绝缘与恢复绝缘之间的过渡区域宽度明显下降,熔合纹界面质地有所提升,过渡区域绝缘电树枝起始电压升高,在0.2 MPa条件下,过渡区域绝缘热延伸伸长率明显下降,且过渡区域绝缘的力学拉伸性能有所提升。联合加热中,过渡区域绝缘的界面质地、电学性能、交联程度与力学拉伸性能均有所提高的关键性因素是过渡区域绝缘界面的融合性相比于单向加热有所提升。

TCP flow identification by sequence and acknowledgement number

To reduce the TCP flow processing cost, some bit patterns selected from the TCP/IP packet can be used as TCP flow identification. Based on the entropy and randomness analysis of the distribution of sequence number （SN） and acknowledgement number （AN） in the first packet of a TCP flow, this paper proposes a new uniform TCP flow identification by sequence and acknowledgement number （FIDSAN） to the heavy-tailed IP or TCP traffic. The experimental results suggest that some bits in the TCP sequence number and acknowledgment number can be selected out as flow ID with acceptable confliction probability. The bit length of flow ID selected under given confliction probability can be conducted from an equation deduced from the observing window and flow ID range. FIDSAN has low computation cost in the comparison with the traditional methods, such as 5-tuple, CRC, and Checksum etc.

双吸式离心泵叶片吸力面泥沙磨损破坏规律与形成机制研究

离心泵叶片泥沙磨损是引黄泵站面临的工程难题,采用模型试验及数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了双吸式离心泵叶片出口的磨损破坏规律及其形成机制。采用多层涂层法、丝线法和内窥式成像技术对叶片的磨损特征和近壁面流态进行了分析,并结合数值模拟分析了叶轮流道内的旋涡结构及颗粒轨迹。研究发现:叶片吸力面出口存在左右近似对称的“三角形”磨损破坏区域,该区域存在明显的流动分离;叶轮内的叶道涡和出口回流涡是导致叶片吸力面出口磨损的主要原因。源于叶片压力面进口的叶道涡诱导泥沙颗粒向叶片吸力面出口聚集,造成吸力面出口的集中磨损;叶片吸力面出口附近存在的回流涡诱导颗粒进行轴向旋转运动,加剧叶片吸力面出口的磨损破坏。本研究为双吸式离心泵的抗磨损设计提供了理论支撑。

溪洛渡水电站坝下游河道非恒定流传播规律研究

受电站下泄非恒定流影响,溪洛渡下游30 km区域通航水流条件复杂,威胁船舶通航安全。通过原型观测,对非恒定流传播规律及其主要影响因素进行研究。结果表明,各码头的水位变化与泄流变化趋势一致,传播过程中沿程坦化现象明显,传播速度快,大河湾—顺河段的平均波速为11.2 m s,汛期大河湾码头水位变幅及变率高达4.38 m、1.21 m h。溪洛渡坝下河道非恒定流特性与下泄流量变幅、变化时长及向家坝库水位有关,其中对流量变幅的响应最大。泄流增加(减少)时,电站下泄流量变幅越大,变化时长越短,向家坝库水位越高(低),非恒定流传播速度就越快,码头水位变幅及水位变化率就越大。

微针刀联合温针灸治疗颈源性耳鸣临床观察

[目的]探讨微针刀联合温针灸治疗颈源性耳鸣的临床疗效。[方法]选取60例颈源性耳鸣患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组采用常规温针灸治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用微针刀治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的耳鸣残疾评估量表(THI)评分、Northwick Park颈痛量表(NPQ)评分、椎-基底动脉血流速度,比较两组疗效。[结果]治疗组总有效率为86.67%,对照组总有效率为70.00%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者THI评分、NPQ评分、椎-基底动脉血流速度均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]微针刀联合温针灸治疗颈源性耳鸣能有效缓解患者颈项部不适,改善耳鸣程度,提高患者生活质量。

FlowShop系统能控能观性的判定及运行分析

柔性制造系统的能控性与能观性是指通过控制工件的开工时间 ,达到有效控制系统的运行过程的目的。该文针对一类特殊的柔性制造系统———Flow Shop系统 ,讨论了其能控、能观性的问题。通过分析Flow Shop系统具有的特殊性 ,给出了判定该系统能控性的一个充要条件和能观性的一个充分条件 ,并对能控系统的运行特性进行了讨论 ,给出了能控系统稳定运行的一个充分条件。该文的结果为Flow