Detection and clinical significance of multidrug resistance-1 mRNA in bone marrow cells in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR

Objective： Multidrug resistance（MDR） is one of the most important reasons for treatment failure and recurrence of acute leukemia. Its manifestations are different in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL） which may be due to different detection methods. This study was to detect the expression of MDR1 mRNA in bone marrow cells of children with ALL by real-time fluorescence- quantitative reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction（FQ-RT-PCR）, and combine minimal residual desease（MRD） detection by flow cytometry（FCM） and to study their relationship with treatment response and prognosis of ALL. Methods：The MDR1 mRNA levels in bone marrow cells from 67 children with ALL[28 had newly diagnosed disease, 27 had achieved complete remission（CR）, 12 recurrent] and 22 children without leukemia were detected by FQ-RT-PCR. MRD was detected by FCM. The patients were observed for 9-101 months, with a median of 64 months. Results：Standard curves of human MDR1 and GAPDH genes were constructed successfully. MDR1 mRNA was detected in all children with a positive rate of 100%. The mRNA level of MDR1 was similar among the newly diagnosed ALL group, CR group, and control group（P 〉 0.05）, but significantly higher in the recurrence group than that in newly diagnosed disease group and control group（0.50 ± 0.55 vs. 0.09 ± 0.26 and 0.12 ± 0.23, P〈 0.05）. 54 ALL patients were followed up, and it was found that MDR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in ALL patients within 3 years duration than that of ALL patients with 3-6 years and over 6 years duration（0.63 ± 0.56 vs. 0.11 ± 0.12 and 0.04 ± 0.06, P〈 0.01）. For the 28 children with newly diagnosed disease, the MDR1 mRNA level was similar between WBC 〉 50 ~ 109 group and WBC〈50 × 10^9 group（P〉 0.05）. In the 33 CR patients, the MDR1 mRNA level was significantly higher in MRD〉10a group than that in MRD〈10a group（0.39 ± 0.47 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：The sensitivity and specificity of FQ-RT-PCR in detecting MDR1 mRNA in bone marrowy cells of children with ALL patients are high. MDR1 mRNA is expressed in children with and without leukemia. MDR1 mRNA is highly expressed in the CR ALL patients with high MRD, recurrence and short duration（within 3 years）. Monitoring MRD and the MDR1 mRNA level might be helpful for individual treatment.

Synchronous Detection of DNA/RNA of Four Shrimp Viruses by Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative RT-PCR

[ Objective] This study aimed to establish a simultaneous detection method of shrimp viruses by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, to improve the efficiency of inspection and quarantine. [ Method] A novel real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR assay was established and optimized for simultaneously detecting DNA/RNA of four shrimp viruses （WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV ）. [ Result] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system gener- ated typical amplification curves with high amplification efficiencies （E = 1.06, 1.07, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively）, good hnear relationship （ r = 1 ）, uniform repeatability （ standard deviation = 0.05 - 0.46 ; variation coefficient = 0.26% - 1.62% ） and high sensitivity, exhibiting no significant differences compared with re- al-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （average error of Ct value = 0.04 -0.40; T = 0.53 -2.50; P 〉 0.05 ）. The total detection time was about 1 h. [ Conclusion] The optimized real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR system can be used for rapid detection of WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV.

Real-time Fluorescence PCR Method for Detection of Burkholderia glumae from Rice

Burkholderia glumae causing seedling rot and grain rot of rice was listed as a plant quarantine disease of China in 2007. It＇s quite necessary to set up effective detection methods for the pathogen to manage further dispersal of this disease. The present study combined the real-time PCR method with classical PCR to increase the detecting efficiency, and to develop an accurate, rapid and sensitive method to detect the pathogen in the seed quarantine for effective management of the disease. The results showed that all the tested strains of B. glumae produced about 139 bp specific fragments by the real-time PCR and the general PCR methods, while others showed negative PCR result. The bacteria could be detected at the concentrations of 1×10^4 CFU/mL by general PCR method and at the concentrations below 100 CFU/mL by real-time fluorescence PCR method. B. glumae could be detected when the inoculated and healthy seeds were mixed with a proportion of 1：100.

Effects of Different Temperature and Time Durations of Virus Inactivation on Results of Real-time Fluorescence PCR Testing of COVID-19 Viruses

Summary:The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan,Hubei province of China in January 2020.This study aims to investigate the effects of different temperature and time durations of virus inactivation on the results of PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2.Twelve patients at the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 were selected on February 13,2020 and throat swabs were taken.The swabs were stored at room tempcrature(20-25℃),then divided into aliquots and subjected to different temperature for different periods in order to inactivate the viruses(56℃for 30,45,60 min;65,70,80℃for 10,15,20 min).Control aliquots were stored at room temperature for 60 min.Then all aliquots were tested in a real-time fluorescence PCR using primers against SARS-CoV-2.Regardless of inactivation temperature and time,7 of 12 cases(58.3%)tested were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR,and cycle threshold values were similar.These results suggest that virus inactivation parameters exert minimal infuence on PCR test results.Inactivation at 65℃for 10 min may be sufficient to ensure safe,reliable testing.

Detection of Ratoon Stunting Disease in Virus-free Seedcane via Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR

This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.

Real-time Fluorescence Reverse-transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhea,a highly contagious enteric infectious disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（ PEDV） with symptoms of vomit,diarrhea,loss of appetite of suckling pig,has led to serious economic loss to the global swine industry. In this study,a real-time fluorescence reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification（ RT-LAMP） assay was developed to detect PEDV RNA. The real-time fluorescence RT-LAMP assay was performed at62 ℃ for 60 min,using a simple and portable device,the ESE-Quant Tube Scanner. The detection limit of RNA was 2. 9 × 10~6 copies/μl,10 times as sensitive as RT-PCR,and the detection was specific only to PEDV. Application of this method to clinical samples yielded a positivity rate of 93%,which was higher than that of RT-PCR. This technique saves time and is efficient,and is thus expected to be useful for the diagnosis of PEDV infection in the field.

Development and Preliminary Application of SYBR Green I Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Method for Detecting Porcine Parvovirus Virus

According to VP2 gene sequence of the porcine parvovirus virus strain NADL-2 （NC001718） available in GenBank （NC_001718）, a pair of specific primer was designed, and the target fragment of 431 bp was obtained by PCR amplification. The products were ligated with pMD18- T vector and then transformed into bacteria DH5α for recombinant plasmid extraction. After PCR identification and sequencing, recombinant plasmid was used as a standard template to establish the standard curve of SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR. Sensitivity test, specificity test and repeatability test were also determined. The results indicated that there was a good linear relationship between threshold cycle of the standard curve and template concentration, R2 =0.997 6. Tm ranged from 82.3 to 82.9 ℃, while the sensitivity was 72.1 copies/μl with good specificity and repeatability. The developed SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR method to detect PPV VP2 gene laid the basis for further studies on patho- oenesis, early clinical diaonosis of this virus and quantitative analysis of PPV infection.

A Universal Real-Time Fluorescence qPCR Method for Identifying Epidemic Strains of African Swine Fever Virus

Objective Establishing a highly sensitive real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for universal testing of epidemic African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains. Methods The ASFV p72 gene was targeted to design primer probes covering 24 p72 genotypes. The optimal amount of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for qPCR amplification was determined, Various sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) tests were performed, and clinical samples from China and imported goods were tested. Results The optimal primer-probe combination could specifically detect ASFV, 1.5% DMSO was optimal for qPCR, and LOD reached 3.2 copies/μL with good reproducibility (n = 20, p = 0.369). The method was employed to test 142 clinically suspected samples, of which 30 pig blood and 37 pig tissue samples were ASFV-positive. Moreover, the positive testing rate for ASFV was higher than for the standard qPCR method recommended by the Office International Des Epizooties (OIE), and for the commercially available kit. Thus, our method is superior for testing weakly positive samples with low virus titre, and epidemic strains present in imported goods. Conclusion Our method could be employed for universal testing of epidemic ASFV strains worldwide, ensuring wider coverage of hosts and ASFV strains/endemic strains, reducing false negatives, and benefitting early diagnosis.

检测粪便中GGⅡ型诺如病毒Real-time RT-PCR方法的建立

诺如病毒是世界急性胃肠炎的重要病原之一。为加强其控制，通过序列比对设计出针对GGⅡ型诺如病毒保守序列的特异性引物与探针，建立了TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR方法。结果显示，此方法对诺如病毒核酸检测高度特异，与轮状病毒、腺病毒、甲型肝炎病毒等无交叉反应，最低检出限可达10^2拷贝，线性范围为100～100拷贝，标准曲线的相关系数为-1．00。针对标准品质粒检测的批内实验变异系数为0．28％～1．63％（n=6）、批间实验为0．28％～1．05％（n=3），对同一样品分6次进行RNA提取和逆转录，其变异系数为3增8％。对212份临床腹泻标本分别用常规RT-PCR和本文建立的TaqMan Real-time PCR进行检测，发现后者检出率略高于前者。这些结果提示此研究建立的诺如病毒的TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR检测方法可用于临床腹泻粪便标本的检测。

利用real-time RT-PCR研究大型蚤对铜绿微囊藻毒素合成基因转录水平影响

近年来关于浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用的研究逐渐被关注,其中有的研究认为浮游动物能够诱导产毒细胞毒素含量的变化.微囊藻毒素是由微囊藻毒素合成基因编码翻译的,目前关于浮游动物对微囊藻毒素合成基因相对表达的影响并无报道,本文首次通过实时定量逆转录PCR方法研究铜绿微囊藻PCC7806产毒相关基因mcyB和mcyD在大型蚤胁迫下相对表达变化.结果显示微囊藻mcyB、mcyD基因相对表达均有上调,表明铜绿微囊藻PCC7806通过上调产毒基因的转录水平达到对大型蚤的诱导防御,从而为浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用研究提供新的依据.

TaqMan MGB Real-time RT-PCR检测西尼罗病毒方法的建立

目的建立一种灵敏、特异、高效的西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)感染诊断和流行病学调查的实验室检测方法。方法用C6/36细胞培养WNV并用Vero细胞蚀斑法滴定病毒浓度;根据WNVC蛋白基因组保守序列,设计一套特异性引物和TaqMan MGB探针,用细胞培养病毒液进行方法的条件优化;用不同病毒评价方法的特异性,用系列浓度病毒稀释液和染毒蚊子评价方法的灵敏性。结果建立的TaqMan MGB Real-time RT-PCR方法可检出低于0.01PFU的WNVRNA,并可检出只含3只染毒蚊的标本;用该方法检测4种血清型登革病毒标准毒株、日本脑炎病毒、麻疹病毒、基孔肯亚病毒均为阴性。结论新建TaqMan MGB Real-time RT-PCR方法具有极高的特异性和灵敏性,是实验室早期诊断WNV感染和调查媒介携带WNV情况的理想方法。

猴逆转录病毒RT-PCR和Real-time RT-PCR检测方法的建立

猴逆转录病毒(Simian type D retrovirus,SRV)是引起猴获得性免疫缺陷综合征(Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,SAIDS)的病原之一,其严重危害猴的健康,并威胁与猴接触人员的健康,是无特定病原体(SPF)猴必须排除的病毒之一。为了应对口岸对进出境野生及实验用灵长类动物SRV感染情况的监测和流行病学调查的需要,建立了RT-PCR和real-time RT-PCR检测SRV的方法,并对方法的特异性、敏感性和稳定性进行了验证。

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒Real-time RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为定量检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)载量,建立IBV的Real-timeRT-PCR方法。用RT-PCR方法扩增出IBV的N基因片段,并克隆到pEASY-T3载体中,构建成含有N基因片段的重组质粒。应用该重组质粒进行SYBRGreenⅠReal-timePCR,建立了定量检测IBV核酸的标准曲线与直线回归方程,该方法显示:特异性强,检测下限至少达到5.58×102拷贝/μL,其重复性试验的变异系数小于3.2%;用建立的方法对实验接种IBVM41株的雏鸡组织中的病毒核酸进行了定量检测,检测结果显示:攻毒后肾脏中IBV含量高于支气管和肺脏,支气管和肺脏中病毒含量在攻毒后第3天高于攻毒后第7、10天,并证实临床表现与病毒载量之间存在密切关系。研究结果表明,建立的Real-timeRT-PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可重复性好,可用于IBV的定量检测。

利用Real-time RT-PCR法检测抗病毒活性物质对CMV复制的影响

为准确检测经活性物质处理后的烟草体内病毒含量,建立了real-time RT-PCR检测体系。从烟田中分离到1株对CMV有拮抗作用的细菌B6,经分离纯化得到拮抗CMV的活性物质B6p,其分子量为40.6 kDa。利用叶圆片法,分析了活性物质处理后寄主体内病毒的复制特点,结果表明寄主体内的病毒复制作用受到了拮抗活性物质的抑制,并且随着拮抗活性物质浓度的增加病毒的复制作用减弱。

应用Real-Time RT-PCR鉴定2个水稻品种(品系)对水稻条纹病毒的抗性差异

应用Real-time RT-PCR检测了水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)在2种水稻品种(品系)武育粳3号和KT95-418的悬浮细胞内复制变化和相对含量的差异,结合传统生物学接种试验,确定了这2个品种(品系)对RSV抗性的差异.结果表明,RSV在武育粳3号的悬浮细胞内24 h达到复制高峰,病毒含量为侵染初期的7.46倍.而在KT95-418的悬浮细胞内,RSV达到复制高峰需要36 h,病毒含量为侵染初期的4.51倍.利用病毒生物学接种的方法,武育粳3号发病率达91.7%,而KT95-418仅为36.0%.由此可见,KT95-418较武育粳3号对RSV具有较高的抗病性.因此,Real-time RT-PCR方法与传统生物学接种试验方法相比,具有更高的准确性和灵敏性,可以作为传统品种抗病性鉴定的验证手段.

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR非特异性扩增的研究进展

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)因其高效快速、操作简便、高度敏感等优点获得广泛应用,但因其强大的放大功能而容易出现非特异性扩增的问题,尤其是荧光染料法中更加明显。文章对RT-qPCR的原理、非特异性扩增的发生因素、解决方案及该技术的应用前景进行了综述。

流感病毒Real-time RT-PCR核酸检测及流行情况分析

目的:分析鄂尔多斯市2012年流感检测结果,为本地区流感预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用Real-time RT-PCR法对哨点医院采集的流感样病例咽拭子标本进行病毒核酸检测。结果共检测流感咽拭子标本281份,流感病毒核酸阳性35份,总阳性率为12.46%。其中乙型16份,占5.69%,季节性H3亚型15份,占5.34%,甲型H1N12份,占0.71%,甲型未分型2份,占0.71%。2012年1月~3月阳性率分别为11.36%、27.50%、37.50%,10月和12月阳性率均为5.00%,其它月份未检出阳性。结论监测显示鄂尔多斯地区流感流行季节主要为冬春季,流行毒株主要是乙型和季节性H3亚型。

Expression of Eph-Ephrin A Molecules in Endometrium During Swine Embryo Implantation Examined Using Real-Time RT-PCR

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands （Eph-Ephrin） system could regulate some mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the Eph-Ephrin system in swine embryo attachment, mRNA expression of Eph-Ephrin molecules in endometrium was examined by real-time RT- PCR during embryo implantation in pigs. The results indicated that mRNA expressions of Eph A5, A7 and Ephrin A5 all continually increased from pregnancy day 13 to 24. Ephrin A3 mRNA expression significantly increased from day 13 to 18 and decreased from day 18 to 24, and the expression was the lowest on pregnancy day l 3 and the highest on day 18. However, Ephrin A4 mRNA expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 18 and the highest on day 24, and the expression decreased from day 13 to 18 and increased from day 18 to 24. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Eph A5 and A7 were both found in other tissues, such as brain, muscle, intestine, stomach, etc. These findings suggest that the Eph-Ephrin system may play an important role in regulating the contact between blastocysts and endometrium during swine embryo implantation.

TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Objective To detect Japanese encephalitis virus（JEV） rapidly and distinguish its genotypes, a TaqMan-based reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） detection system was developed.Methods By aligning the full-length sequences of JEV（G1-G5）, six sets of highly specific TaqMan real-time RT-PCR primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved NS1, NS2, and M genes of JEV, which included one set for non-specific JEV detection and five sets for the detection of specific JEV genotypes. Twenty batches of mosquito samples were used to evaluate our quantitative PCR assay.Results With the specific assay, no other flavivirus were detected. The lower limits of detection of the system were 1 pfu/mL for JEV titers and 100 RNA copies/μL. The coefficients of variation of this real-time RT-PCR were all 〈 2.8%. The amplification efficiency of this method was between 90% and 103%.Conclusion A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR detection system was successfully established to detect and differentiate all five JEV genotypes.