Informing policy makers in developing countries:Practices and limitations of geriatric home medication review in Malaysia-A qualitative inquiry

Objective:To explore existing practices and challenges in the delivery of geriatric home medication review(HMR).The study was part of a larger study aimed to offer solution to expand the range of geriatric HMR.Methods:This study employed qualitative exploratory design through semi-structured individual in-depth interviews with the public pharmacists involved in the delivery of geriatric HMR at public hospitals.The purpose of the interviews was to explore challenges faced by them in the delivery of geriatric HMR.Results:Based on the emerging themes from the qualitative data,the study reveals that geriatric HMR in Malaysia is integrated as part of multidisciplinary home care visits,encompassing a diverse patient population with various healthcare needs.However,it faces challenges such as the lack of outcome monitoring,formal training,and workforce constraints.Despite these hurdles,there is a pressing need for the expansion of this service to better serve the community,and collaboration with community pharmacists holds potential to broaden its scope.Ultimately,the findings suggest that pharmacist-led HMR is both warranted and feasible within the Malaysian healthcare context.In order to optimize medicine-use among older people living in the community,approaches for expanding geriatric HMR services in Malaysia must be developed.Conclusions:This study holds profound implications as it attempts to illuminate policy makers in developing countries,enabling them to formulate effective HMR plans.By considering the challenges highlighted within this research,policy makers can design a comprehensive HMR service that caters adeptly to the healthcare needs of the mass population.

Advancements in Medication Rule for Pulmonary Nodules: A Review of Current Research Progress

This paper reviewed the literature on medication rule of pulmonary nodules in recent years. It is found that contemporary doctors pay more attention to regulating Qi, clearing heat and detoxifying, eliminating phlegm, dissolving phlegm and dissipating masses. They use mild drugs, cold and warm treatments in parallel, combining the tastes of pungent, bitterness, and sweetness at the same time. The treatment focuses on the five viscera with emphasis on the lung meridian while also considering the spleen and stomach functions as well as soothing liver stagnation. This information aims to provide some reference for clinical treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Clinical Medication Review and Falls in Older People—What Is the Evidence Base?

Background: This paper reports findings from a literature review undertaken to assess the current evidence base for clinical medication review and falls in older people. This forms part of a larger, organisational supported project design work-stream, where the objectives are to define the operational details for clinical medication review as part of multi-factorial assessment for elderly fallers in the community. Patients will be identified and targeted through an integrated care pathway mapping and elderly patient care screening service. Objective: A review of national and best practice guidance to help our understanding of how clinical medication review could be optimised. Methods: A PubMed database search was undertaken with search terms including “elderly” and “falls” and “medicines” followed by study of relevant publications in English and including cited referenced publications within selected papers. Results: Our findings were that both medication over-use and under-use in the elderly occur frequently and can be harmful. Many drugs commonly used by older persons have not been systematically studied as risk factors for falls. The screening tool of older people’s prescriptions (STOPP) and screening tool to alert to right treatment (START), validated for assessment of potentially inappropriate prescribing in the elderly, offer the possibility of provision of a structured clinical medication review to patients, with a need for more research on the impact of the STOPP START interventions on both the rates of falls and risk of falls in the elderly.

Quality Improvement Project of Pharmacist-Assisted Medication Reconciliation and Regimen Review Following Veteran Discharge to Hospice

The Joint Commission NPSG （National Patient Safety Goals） requires that medication reconciliation be performed upon any transition of care （NPSG 03.06.01）. The hospice clinical pharmacist, in delivering pharmaceutical care, performs medication regimen reviews to identify medication-related problems. This project aims to improve the medication reconciliation process upon transition from inpatient units to non-VA （Veterans Affairs） hospice care by identifying and resolving medication discrepancies and medication-related problems. Patients discharged from inpatient to non-VA hospice care from October 2013-March 2014 were included. Medication reconciliation was performed by the pharmacist via telephone with the patient/caretaker and the hospice agency within two weeks of discharge. The patient＇s primary care provider was contacted via telephone when changes were recommended, and upon agreement, medication lists were updated electronically. A total of 18 patients were included. The results found that following medication reconciliation and regimen review, the mean number per patient of VA medications discontinued and non-VA medication documented was 5.7 and 10.8 respectively. The mean number per patient of medication discrepancies and medication-related problems was 14.4 and 8.6 respectively. This quality improvement project demonstrates the vulnerability of patients to medication discrepancies and medication-related problems and highlights the role of pharmacists in resolving these issues during this transition of care.

Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Objective:To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods:CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and other databases were searched.The randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the treatment of LDH with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture were manually searched in the Chinese Journal of Ethnic Medicine,Chinese Journal of Mongolian Medicine,Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,and Journal of Inner Mongolia Medical University.The search time limit was from January 2000 to October 2023.RevMan5.4 software was used to analyze the included and excluded literature.Results:A total of 8 RCTs involving 1,042 patients with LDH were included,with 551 patients in the observation group and 491 patients in the control group.The results of the meta-analysis showed that a total of 8 randomized controlled trials were included in the treatment of LDH with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture compared with simple acupuncture(RR=1.18,95%CI=[1.12,1.23],P<0.00001).Conclusion:The total effective rate of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture for LDH is higher than that of simple acupuncture.However,due to the low quality of the literature included in this study,multi-dimensional,large sample size,and more rigorous clinical randomized trials are needed for further verification in the future.

A review on rules for examination of licensing criteria for producing foods for special medical purpose in China

In this paper,the background,principles,and main contents of the rules for the examination of production licenses of foods for special medical purposes are introduced.The contents including general rules,production sites,equipment facilities,equipment layout,technological process,personnel management,management system and supplementary rules are interpreted item by item.This study has important value and historical significance for promoting the development of Chinese enterprises and industries of foods for special medical purposes.

Medical Joumal Reviews医学期刊回顾2007年12月(第12期)

Richard F.Lockey教授,医学博士,WAO网站主编;Gary Hellermann,博士,为从业的变态反应科医生回顾了主要医学期刊的一些重要文章。

Medical Joumal Reviews医学期刊回顾2007年10月(第10期)

Richard F.Lockey教授,医学博士,WAO网站主编;Gary Hellermann,博士,为从业的变态反应科医生回顾了主要医学期刊的一些重要文章。

Medical Journal Reviews医学期刊回顾2007年11月(第11期)

Richard F.Lockey教授,医学博士,WAO网站主编;Gary Hellermann,博士,为从业的变态反应科医生回顾了主要医学期刊的一些重要文章。

Identifying High-Risk Medication Prescriptions to Prevent Potentially Severe Adverse Drug Events in Primary-Care Patients with Chronic Multimorbidities:The Polychrome Study

Background:The association between multimorbidities and polypharmacy among elderly individuals is well documented,and polypharmacy has been shown to increase the risk of adverse drug events(ADEs).However,little information is available about the risks associated with the lifelong use of medications to treat chronic multimorbidities.Objective:To determine the prevalence and nature of high-risk prescriptions among primary-care patients with chronic multimorbidities.Methods:We studied a weighted stratified random sample of 105 prescriptions for different patients with chronic multimorbidities taken from the Polychrome database established using information from the French primary-care record database(Observatoire de la Médecine Générale).A medication review was conducted to identify contra-indications and potential drug-drug interactions for each prescription.Results:Contra-indications were identified for 60(57.1%)prescriptions,potential drug-drug interactions for 70(66.7%),absolute contra-indications for 9(8.6%),and inadvisable drug combinations for 11(10.5%).In all,19(18.1%)different patients were at risk for major ADEs.Cardiovascular and nervous-system drugs contributed 66.2% of contra-indications and 69.3% of potential drug-drug interactions.Conclusions:This exploratory study confirms the high prevalence and potential seriousness of prescriptions at risk for ADEs in a population of primary-care patients with chronic multimorbidities.The high prevalence of interactions involving the cardiovascular and nervous systems indicates that efforts to improve prescription practices should target these two categories of conditions and drugs in patients with chronic multimorbidities.

A Critical Review of “Genre Analysis:Structural and Linguistic Evolution of the English-medium Medical Research Article(1985–2004)”

This paper critically analyzes the article"Genre analysis: Structural and linguistic evolution of the English-medium medical research article(1985–2004)". It presents critique from three aspects: the data, the analysis method, and the conclusion part.

医疗器械临床试验伦理审查意见的综合分析

目的:研究不同注册分类医疗器械临床试验研究中伦理初始审查意见,为今后医疗器械临床试验伦理审查材料准备提供参考。方法:回顾性收集北京首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院伦理委员会2018年至2023年1月医疗器械临床试验伦理初始审查意见,并对问题进行分类,比较不同类型问题在不同注册分类医疗器械临床试验研究中及新版《医疗器械临床试验质量管理规范》颁布实施前后的发生率的差异。结果:合计收集50份伦理初始审查意见,主要集中于与志愿者知情同意及安全和获益相关的问题。两类问题的发生率分别为80.00%和66.00%。同时,两类问题的发生率均在新版《医疗器械临床试验质量管理规范》实施后呈现明显下降趋势。结论:提示相关从业人员在临床试验伦理材料准备的时候一定要把志愿者的权益和保障放在首位,并且不断更新对法律法规的认识,以规范项目的伦理申报。

护士用药安全管理实践现状与思考

用药安全管理是患者安全管理的重要内容。护士作为患者用药的最终执行者,其用药安全管理水平对于保证住院患者的治疗安全至关重要。文章回顾了国内外用药安全管理与实践现状,总结我国护士在用药安全管理实践中取得的进展与成效,为进一步推动住院患者用药安全水平的提升提供参考。

医学伦理学对科技伦理治理的贡献与新作为

《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》的出台,标志着中国科技伦理治理体系进入新阶段。中国科技伦理的研究与实践是沿着两条进路开展的。一条进路是从一般伦理原理出发,推导出具体科学和实践的规则;另一条进路是从科学研究的问题和科学技术事件和案例出发,逐步形成针对科技过程中某一类特定现象或问题的伦理治理原则与共识。医学伦理学研究也是这样形成医学道德传统和现代生命伦理学传统的。在伦理治理实践中,医学伦理走在科技伦理的前列,形成了科技伦理研究与发展的“先行区”、伦理审查建制化“探索者”和科技伦理治理的“示范区”。伦理治理意见的出台不是医学伦理治理研究的终点,医学伦理学需要有新的作为。一是对医学伦理学理论基础和方法论的再思考,坚持马克思主义理论的指导。二是对两条研究进路的再思考,两条道路平衡发展互相支撑。三是对伦理与法治关系的再思考,不断提高伦理治理法治化水平。

基于Beers标准和全医嘱审核的多院区老年住院患者合理用药调研

目的基于Beers标准和全医嘱审核机制,了解效率医疗背景下多院区≥65岁老年住院患者潜在不适当用药(PIM)情况。方法对2023年6月15日浙江大学医学院附属第二医院解放路院区和博奥院区≥65岁老年患者的医嘱进行全处方点评。记录PIM医嘱以及存在用药风险、需要加强药物治疗监测的医嘱。观察PIM类型、内科系统的PIM发生率、外科系统的PIM发生率以及两个不同院区的PIM发生率。结果共调查2050例住院患者的住院医嘱,≥65岁的老年患者共888例(43.32%),其中存在PIM的患者213例(23.99%)。解放路院区和博奥院区PIM发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。内科系统和外科系统的PIM发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥65岁的老年患者的PIM类型包括不良反应预防措施不足、疾病状态下选药不适宜、同类药品选择不适宜、用法用量不适宜、存在药物相互作用风险。结论关注老年住院患者合理用药,不仅可以提高疗效,缩短平均住院日,对于降低整体治疗费用和不良事件发生也有益。通过调研,医院可明确基线水平,拟着手进行集束缚化管理的对症干预。

Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.

医学美学教育在医疗美容专业研究生培养中的必要性探究

医学美学教育在医疗美容专业研究生的培养中占有非常重要的地位,但往往容易被导师和学生忽视。文章通过笔者多年在医疗美容行业积累的临床经验和培养学生的心得,将医疗美容专业研究生的培养和医学美学标准的树立结合起来,重点探讨了医学美学的特殊性,以及医疗美容专业研究生如何培养科学的医学美学观等内容。文章详细阐述了医学美学的本质,医学美学的特殊性,以及研究生如何树立科学的医学美学观,这些将为培养高质量的医疗美容专业硕士研究生,促进科学的医学美学标准在美容行业的树立提供理论基础,最终实现国内医疗美容事业的高质量发展,满足广大人民群众对医美日益增加的需求,保障求美者的生命健康权。

宫内儿科学的伦理审视与思考

宫内儿科学是以胎源性疾病防治为主要目的,研究从配子、受精卵、胚胎开始序贯至儿童青少年、青春期乃至全生命周期的疾病早期预防、筛查、诊断及治疗的一门围产医学再发展的胎儿全科学。医学伦理学为这门学科的规范发展提供了有力的支撑。概述了宫内儿科学的形成与发展,分析了宫内儿科学服务主体的脆弱性,梳理了其在出生缺陷防控、胎儿宫内诊疗和多学科协作诊疗中的伦理问题。提出了宫内儿科学应遵循母胎利益第一原则、尊重原则、不伤害原则的医学伦理原则。最后,提出涉及宫内儿科学临床及研究项目伦理审查的建议:加强伦理委员会在临床实践中的咨询服务作用,适时推出临床研究的伦理审查指导原则,提升医务工作者的伦理意识。

加强医学伦理审查体系建设的医学人道主义反思

好的伦理治理需要好的伦理审查、好的伦理组织和好的伦理委员。伦理审查是对涉及人的研究的科学性与伦理性进行审查,其中存在技术话语与伦理话语两套体系,分别代表着医学人道主义的两个方面。其中后者居于主导地位,二者应当统一于伦理话语。伦理审查的认知基础、价值观念、问题分析、问题处理和评价反思均应体现人道主义的要求。风险和受益的计算同样如此。伦理审查活动是人道主义的实践过程,需要体现科技发展与维护人的尊严融合的伦理治理理念;形成科技创新与人文关怀融合的伦理审查机制;建立科学精神与人文精神融合的伦理教育体系。

医疗机构伦理委员会实地访查实践与思考

实地访查是伦理委员会对临床研究实施情况的监督检查方式之一。作者从实地访查的具体实施要点和流程、有因访查和无因访查等访查类型、实地访查开展过程中各方人员的具体职责和访查内容、访查发现问题的讨论及反馈等方面,分享了伦理委员会通过实地访查及时发现研究过程中存在的问题,形成切实可行改进措施,达到保护研究参与者的目的。伦理委员会通过开展实地访查,可以协助临床专业科室及研究团队在临床研究项目准备或实施过程中遵守伦理原则,对医疗机构开展的临床研究进行实时质量控制,及时反馈项目存在的问题并落实整改。伦理委员会通过实地访查,了解临床研究开展的真实情况和实施过程中遇到的具体问题,及时解决,切实保护研究参与者的安全和权益。