Real-Time Intelligent Diagnosis of Co-frequency Vibration Faults in Rotating Machinery Based on Lightweight-Convolutional Neural Networks

The co-frequency vibration fault is one of the common faults in the operation of rotating equipment,and realizing the real-time diagnosis of the co-frequency vibration fault is of great significance for monitoring the health state and carrying out vibration suppression of the equipment.In engineering scenarios,co-frequency vibration faults are highlighted by rotational frequency and are difficult to identify,and existing intelligent methods require more hardware conditions and are exclusively time-consuming.Therefore,Lightweight-convolutional neural networks(LW-CNN)algorithm is proposed in this paper to achieve real-time fault diagnosis.The critical parameters are discussed and verified by simulated and experimental signals for the sliding window data augmentation method.Based on LW-CNN and data augmentation,the real-time intelligent diagnosis of co-frequency is realized.Moreover,a real-time detection method of fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed for data acquisition to fault diagnosis.It is verified by experiments that the LW-CNN and sliding window methods are used with high accuracy and real-time performance.

A Real-time Lithological Identification Method based on SMOTE-Tomek and ICSA Optimization

In petroleum engineering,real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation,drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration.A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper.This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling,to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters.Given the imbalance of lithology samples,the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies.Meanwhile,this paper introduces Tent map,random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm(CSA),and establishes an improved crow search algorithm(ICSA).In this paper,ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest(RF),extremely random trees(ET),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and light gradient boosting machine(LGBM)models.In addition,this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models.The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877.The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method,which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.

Real-time prediction of mechanical behaviors of underwater shield tunnel structure using machine learning method based on structural health monitoring data

Predicting the mechanical behaviors of structure and perceiving the anomalies in advance are essential to ensuring the safe operation of infrastructures in the long run.In addition to the incomplete consideration of influencing factors,the prediction time scale of existing studies is rough.Therefore,this study focuses on the development of a real-time prediction model by coupling the spatio-temporal correlation with external load through autoencoder network(ATENet)based on structural health monitoring(SHM)data.An autoencoder mechanism is performed to acquire the high-level representation of raw monitoring data at different spatial positions,and the recurrent neural network is applied to understanding the temporal correlation from the time series.Then,the obtained temporal-spatial information is coupled with dynamic loads through a fully connected layer to predict structural performance in next 12 h.As a case study,the proposed model is formulated on the SHM data collected from a representative underwater shield tunnel.The robustness study is carried out to verify the reliability and the prediction capability of the proposed model.Finally,the ATENet model is compared with some typical models,and the results indicate that it has the best performance.ATENet model is of great value to predict the realtime evolution trend of tunnel structure.

Cyber Resilience through Real-Time Threat Analysis in Information Security

This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].

Towards Cache-Assisted Hierarchical Detection for Real-Time Health Data Monitoring in IoHT

Real-time health data monitoring is pivotal for bolstering road services’safety,intelligence,and efficiency within the Internet of Health Things(IoHT)framework.Yet,delays in data retrieval can markedly hinder the efficacy of big data awareness detection systems.We advocate for a collaborative caching approach involving edge devices and cloud networks to combat this.This strategy is devised to streamline the data retrieval path,subsequently diminishing network strain.Crafting an adept cache processing scheme poses its own set of challenges,especially given the transient nature of monitoring data and the imperative for swift data transmission,intertwined with resource allocation tactics.This paper unveils a novel mobile healthcare solution that harnesses the power of our collaborative caching approach,facilitating nuanced health monitoring via edge devices.The system capitalizes on cloud computing for intricate health data analytics,especially in pinpointing health anomalies.Given the dynamic locational shifts and possible connection disruptions,we have architected a hierarchical detection system,particularly during crises.This system caches data efficiently and incorporates a detection utility to assess data freshness and potential lag in response times.Furthermore,we introduce the Cache-Assisted Real-Time Detection(CARD)model,crafted to optimize utility.Addressing the inherent complexity of the NP-hard CARD model,we have championed a greedy algorithm as a solution.Simulations reveal that our collaborative caching technique markedly elevates the Cache Hit Ratio(CHR)and data freshness,outshining its contemporaneous benchmark algorithms.The empirical results underscore the strength and efficiency of our innovative IoHT-based health monitoring solution.To encapsulate,this paper tackles the nuances of real-time health data monitoring in the IoHT landscape,presenting a joint edge-cloud caching strategy paired with a hierarchical detection system.Our methodology yields enhanced cache efficiency and data freshness.The corroborative numerical data accentuates the feasibility and relevance of our model,casting a beacon for the future trajectory of real-time health data monitoring systems.

Tourism Development Mode of Historical and Cultural Blocks from the Perspective of Urban Renewal Based on Online Review Data:A Case Study of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing

Under the background of urban renewal, this paper re-explores the tourism development modeof Nanluoguxiang historical and cultural block based on online review data, and puts forward correspondingdevelopment strategies. As a cultural label of a city, historical and cultural blocks should be updated first inorder to achieve sustainable development. By using multi-source big data review and qualitative researchmethods, the perception evaluation of tourists in Nanluoguxiang is obtained, and the shortcomings ofcurrent tourism development mode are analyzed. Furthermore, corresponding improvement strategies andsuggestions are put forward, in order to provide some effective ideas for the sustainable development ofhistorical and cultural blocks in the future.

High-SpeedReal-TimeDataAcquisitionSystem Realized by Interleaving/Multiplexing Technique

The interleaving/multiplexing technique was used to realize a 200?MHz real time data acquisition system. Two 100?MHz ADC modules worked parallelly and every ADC plays out data in ping pang fashion. The design improved the system conversion rata to 200?MHz and reduced the speed of data transporting and storing to 50?MHz. The high speed HDPLD and ECL logic parts were used to control system timing and the memory address. The multi layer print board and the shield were used to decrease interference produced by the high speed circuit. The system timing was designed carefully. The interleaving/multiplexing technique could improve the system conversion rata greatly while reducing the speed of external digital interfaces greatly. The design resolved the difficulties in high speed system effectively. The experiment proved the data acquisition system is stable and accurate.

Quality control of marine big data——a case study of real-time observation station data in Qingdao

Offshore waters provide resources for human beings,while on the other hand,threaten them because of marine disasters.Ocean stations are part of offshore observation networks,and the quality of their data is of great significance for exploiting and protecting the ocean.We used hourly mean wave height,temperature,and pressure real-time observation data taken in the Xiaomaidao station(in Qingdao,China)from June 1,2017,to May 31,2018,to explore the data quality using eight quality control methods,and to discriminate the most effective method for Xiaomaidao station.After using the eight quality control methods,the percentages of the mean wave height,temperature,and pressure data that passed the tests were 89.6%,88.3%,and 98.6%,respectively.With the marine disaster(wave alarm report)data,the values failed in the test mainly due to the influence of aging observation equipment and missing data transmissions.The mean wave height is often affected by dynamic marine disasters,so the continuity test method is not effective.The correlation test with other related parameters would be more useful for the mean wave height.

Data network traffic analysis and optimization strategy of real-time power grid dynamic monitoring system for wide-frequency measurements

The application and development of a wide-area measurement system(WAMS)has enabled many applications and led to several requirements based on dynamic measurement data.Such data are transmitted as big data information flow.To ensure effective transmission of wide-frequency electrical information by the communication protocol of a WAMS,this study performs real-time traffic monitoring and analysis of the data network of a power information system,and establishes corresponding network optimization strategies to solve existing transmission problems.This study utilizes the traffic analysis results obtained using the current real-time dynamic monitoring system to design an optimization strategy,covering the optimization in three progressive levels:the underlying communication protocol,source data,and transmission process.Optimization of the system structure and scheduling optimization of data information are validated to be feasible and practical via tests.

Overview of the CMIP6 Historical Experiment Datasets with the Climate System Model CAS FGOALS-f3-L

The three-member historical simulations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System model,version f3-L(CAS FGOALS-f3-L),which is contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),are described in this study.The details of the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model,experiment settings and output datasets are briefly introduced.The datasets include monthly and daily outputs from the atmospheric,oceanic,land and sea-ice component models of CAS FGOALS-f3-L,and all these data have been published online in the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF,https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/).The three ensembles are initialized from the 600th,650th and 700th model year of the preindustrial experiment(piControl)and forced by the same historical forcing provided by CMIP6 from 1850 to 2014.The performance of the coupled model is validated in comparison with some recent observed atmospheric and oceanic datasets.It is shown that CAS FGOALS-f3-L is able to reproduce the main features of the modern climate,including the climatology of air surface temperature and precipitation,the long-term changes in global mean surface air temperature,ocean heat content and sea surface steric height,and the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean and atmosphere.Meanwhile,like other state-of-the-art coupled GCMs,there are still some obvious biases in the historical simulations,which are also illustrated.This paper can help users to better understand the advantages and biases of the model and the datasets。

A multi-sensor-based distributed real-time measurement system for glacier deformation

Glacier disasters occur frequently in alpine regions around the world,but the current conventional geological disaster measurement technology cannot be directly used for glacier disaster measurement.Hence,in this study,a distributed multi-sensor measurement system for glacier deformation was established by integrating piezoelectric sensing,coded sensing,attitude sensing technology and wireless communication technology.The traditional Modbus protocol was optimized to solve the problem of data identification confusion of different acquisition nodes.Through indoor wireless transmission,adaptive performance analysis,error measurement experiment and landslide simulation experiment,the performance of the measurement system was analyzed and evaluated.Using unmanned aerial vehicle technology,the reliability and effectiveness of the measurement system were verified on the site of Galongla glacier in southeastern Tibet,China.The results show that the mean absolute percentage errors were only 1.13%and 2.09%for the displacement and temperature,respectively.The distributed glacier deformation real-time measurement system provides a new means for the assessment of the development process of glacier disasters and disaster prevention and mitigation.

The CMIP6 Historical Simulation Datasets Produced by the Climate System Model CAMS-CSM

This paper describes the historical simulations produced by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS)climate system model(CAMS-CSM),which are contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The model description,experiment design and model outputs are presented.Three members’historical experiments are conducted by CAMS-CSM,with two members starting from different initial conditions,and one excluding the stratospheric aerosol to identify the effect of volcanic eruptions.The outputs of the historical experiments are also validated using observational data.It is found that the model can reproduce the climatological mean states and seasonal cycle of the major climate system quantities,including the surface air temperature,precipitation,and the equatorial thermocline.The long-term trend of air temperature and precipitation is also reasonably captured by CAMS-CSM.There are still some biases in the model that need further improvement.This paper can help the users to better understand the performance and the datasets of CAMS-CSM.

Design and FPGA verification of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system

Considering the increasing use of information technology with established standards, such as TCP/IP and XML in modem industrial automation, we present a high cost performance solution with FPGA （field programmable gate array） implementation of a novel reliable real-time data transfer system based on EPA （Ethemet for plant automation） protocol and IEEE 1588 standard. This combination can provide more predictable and real-time communication between automation equipments and precise synchronization between devices. The designed EPA system has been verified on Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500 and it consumed 75% of the total slices. The experimental results show that the novel industrial control system achieves high synchronization precision and provides a 1.59-ps standard deviation between the master device and the slave ones. Such a real-time data transfer system is an excellent candidate for automation equipments which require precise synchronization based on Ethemet at a comparatively low price.

Design and development of real-time query platform for big data based on hadoop

This paper designs and develops a framework on a distributed computing platform for massive multi-source spatial data using a column-oriented database(HBase).This platform consists of four layers including ETL(extraction transformation loading) tier,data processing tier,data storage tier and data display tier,achieving long-term store,real-time analysis and inquiry for massive data.Finally,a real dataset cluster is simulated,which are made up of 39 nodes including 2 master nodes and 37 data nodes,and performing function tests of data importing module and real-time query module,and performance tests of HDFS's I/O,the MapReduce cluster,batch-loading and real-time query of massive data.The test results indicate that this platform achieves high performance in terms of response time and linear scalability.

Web-based GIS System for Real-time Field Data Collection Using Personal Mobile Phone

Recently, use of mobile communicational devices in field data collection is increasing such as smart phones and cellular phones due to emergence of embedded Global Position System GPS and Wi-Fi Internet access. Accurate timely and handy field data collection is required for disaster management and emergency quick responses. In this article, we introduce web-based GIS system to collect the field data by personal mobile phone through Post Office Protocol POP3 mail server. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate real-time field data collection method to the students using their mobile phone to collect field data by timely and handy manners, either individual or group survey in local or global scale research.

Scheduling transactions in mobile distributed real-time database systems

A DMVOCC-MVDA （distributed multiversion optimistic concurrency control with multiversion dynamic adjustment） protocol was presented to process mobile distributed real-time transaction in mobile broadcast environments. At the mobile hosts, all transactions perform local pre-validation. The local pre-validation process is carried out against the committed transactions at the server in the last broadcast cycle. Transactions that survive in local pre-validation must be submitted to the server for local final validation. The new protocol eliminates conflicts between mobile read-only and mobile update transactions, and resolves data conflicts flexibly by using multiversion dynamic adjustment of serialization order to avoid unnecessary restarts of transactions. Mobile read-only transactions can be committed with no-blocking, and respond time of mobile read-only transactions is greatly shortened. The tolerance of mobile transactions of disconnections from the broadcast channel is increased. In global validation mobile distributed transactions have to do check to ensure distributed serializability in all participants. The simulation results show that the new concurrency control protocol proposed offers better performance than other protocols in terms of miss rate, restart rate, commit rate. Under high work load （think time is ls） the miss rate of DMVOCC-MVDA is only 14.6%, is significantly lower than that of other protocols. The restart rate of DMVOCC-MVDA is only 32.3%, showing that DMVOCC-MVDA can effectively reduce the restart rate of mobile transactions. And the commit rate of DMVOCC-MVDA is up to 61.2%, which is obviously higher than that of other protocols.

Integrated Real-Time Big Data Stream Sentiment Analysis Service

Opinion (sentiment) analysis on big data streams from the constantly generated text streams on social media networks to hundreds of millions of online consumer reviews provides many organizations in every field with opportunities to discover valuable intelligence from the massive user generated text streams. However, the traditional content analysis frameworks are inefficient to handle the unprecedentedly big volume of unstructured text streams and the complexity of text analysis tasks for the real time opinion analysis on the big data streams. In this paper, we propose a parallel real time sentiment analysis system: Social Media Data Stream Sentiment Analysis Service (SMDSSAS) that performs multiple phases of sentiment analysis of social media text streams effectively in real time with two fully analytic opinion mining models to combat the scale of text data streams and the complexity of sentiment analysis processing on unstructured text streams. We propose two aspect based opinion mining models: Deterministic and Probabilistic sentiment models for a real time sentiment analysis on the user given topic related data streams. Experiments on the social media Twitter stream traffic captured during the pre-election weeks of the 2016 Presidential election for real-time analysis of public opinions toward two presidential candidates showed that the proposed system was able to predict correctly Donald Trump as the winner of the 2016 Presidential election. The cross validation results showed that the proposed sentiment models with the real-time streaming components in our proposed framework delivered effectively the analysis of the opinions on two presidential candidates with average 81% accuracy for the Deterministic model and 80% for the Probabilistic model, which are 1% - 22% improvements from the results of the existing literature.

Real-time performance of periodic data transmission in EPA industrial Ethernet

To evaluate and improve the real-time performance of Ethernet for plant automation（EPA） industrial Ethernet,the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission was theoretically and experimentally studied.By analyzing information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism,periodic messages were categorized as different modes according to their entering-queue time.The scheduling characteristics and delivery time of each mode and their interacting relations were studied,during which the models of real-time performance of periodic information transmission in EPA system were established.On this basis,an experimental platform is developed to test the delivery time of periodic messages transmission in EPA system.According to the analysis and the experiment,the main factors that limit the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission and the improvement methods were proposed.

Alternate Data Acquisition and Real-time Monitoring System on HT-7 Tokamak

A new system called alternate data acquisition and real-time monitoring system has been developed for long-time discharge in tokamak operation. It can support continuous on-line data acquisition at a high sampling rate and a graphic display of the plasma parameters during the discharge. Thus operators can monitor and control the plasma state in real time. An application of this system has been demonstrated on the HT-7 tokamak.