基于Reason模型的SIF-Q260型电子小肠镜故障原因分析

根据武汉大学中南医院内窥镜中心SIF-Q260型小肠镜故障率高且维修成本高的情况,应用Reason模型,从环境影响、不安全监督、不安全行为前兆及不安全行为4个层面分析造成SIF-Q260小肠镜故障的原因,针对各个层面故障原因,从定期培训以规范内窥镜的洗消及使用、设置专人管理内窥镜并定期对内窥镜使用洗消的规范性进行监督及评价、完善内窥镜监管系统3方面拟定改进措施,堵住系统“漏洞”,为内窥镜质量控制措施的制定提供依据,可预防和减少内窥镜故障的发生。

A Brief Analysis Reasons of English Shortening Words

Shortening is one of important word formations which demands attentions of both teachers and students. The paper first briefly introduces shortening words in English into clipped words, initialisms, acronyms and blends,and then it mainly explores the reasons why shortening words appear and become popular.

Characteristics and Reasons for Catchwords' Emergence

All social phenomena are,to some extent,determined by economy,and language is also under the leverage of economic factor.With the development of society,economy,science and economy,human interpretation and consciousness of their language have been greatly enhanced.The exploration of catchword can be developed from its definition,its characteristics and reasons for its emergence.

Reasons of Taoism in Robert Bly's Poetry

Bly's preference of Taoist thoughts to Western philosophy and ideology in his poetry has its deeper reasons. It is his secluded life attitude and his poetics construction that promote him to learn from the ancient Chinese poetry which contains adequate Taoist ideas.

STUDY ON WETLAND LOSS AND ITS REASONS IN CHINA

Wetlands are ecosystems with many f unctions.But the general public and government lack a comprehen-sive understanding of the importance of wetland benefits,thus making bl indly exploitation,wetland resour ces decreasing and losing biodiversity.So wetlands in China,as in most countries,have suffered heavily from the pressure o f develop-ment and have confronted with the thr eats of loss.The paper takes Sanjian g Plain marshes,lakes in the middle r eaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,coastal wetlands and mangroves as cases to study wetland loss in China,and puts forward main existing reasons of wetland loss,such as blindly reclamati on and exploitation of wetland resou rces,over-exploitation of bio-resource s in wetland,etc.More recently,there has been a growing recognition of t he benefits of wetlands and a wide range of legal and regulatory initiatives have been undertaken which are designed to impro ve wetland management and conservation.On the basis of the above analysis,the paper brings forward some suggestions on wetland conservation.

Prevalence Reasons and Monitoring Countermeasures of Scab in Eastern Wheat Area of Jiangsu Province

With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21st century, wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu, and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity, chmatic conditions, cultivation modes, variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures, including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning, promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties, compressing planting area of direct seeding rice, canting out chemical control scientifically, and realizing unified prevention and control, in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.

Reasons for Permanent Tooth Extraction in the West of Kabul

Background: There has been no study in Kabul on reasons for permanent tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and reasons for tooth loss in a sample from two dental clinics in the west of Kabul. Methods: During a 6-month period (April-September 2019), the reasons for every extraction of a permanent tooth were recorded. Different reasons for tooth extraction were assigned, such as, dental caries, periodontal disease, eruption problems, trauma, orthodontics and others. The data requested for each extraction were: patient age, gender, previous treatment, educational level, type of tooth removed and the reason for its extraction. Results: young people aged between 20 - 29 years old had the highest percentage of extraction. Periodontal disease (39%) followed by caries (20%) was the most common reason for tooth extraction. Maxillary and mandibular first molars were removed most frequently (31%). 29% of patients have treated their teeth before extraction and RCT (Root Canal Treatment) (19%) is the most common previous treatment. Tooth loss has an opposite relationship with education level. People with high education level, loose their tooth less (14%). Conclusion: periodontal disease was the most common reason for tooth loss in Kabul, Afghanistan and a high percentage of tooth loss is seen among young people. Educating and preventive programs need to be implemented in order to reduce tooth loss.

Reasons for Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation among Newly Delivered Women in Two First-Category Hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and development of the mother and the child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within 30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding principles for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. Objective: To determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in newly delivered women. Means and Method: We carried out a mixed cross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1st 2018 to May 31st 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We included all mothers with full-term or premature babies weighing ≥ 2000 grams and those whom initiated breastfeeding more than one hour after delivery. The mother’s reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were recorded using a dictaphone and data were accurately extracted for analysis. Results: We interviewed 153 mothers. Their mean age was 27.9 ± 6.2 years. The main reasons for delaying breastfeeding initiation were caesarean delivery (22%), the belief in “spoiled milk” (21%), lack of knowledge about the time to initiate breastfeeding (21%), baby asleep (18%), and lack of instruction given to the mother by the health staff (2%). Conclusion: Delayed breastfeeding was common in our context. Improving the quality of breastfeeding involves communication, to break beliefs about spoiled milk, and strengthening mothers’ knowledge for optimal breastfeeding processes in accordance with WHO’s guidelines. The medical staff should anticipate and undertake the early initiation of breastfeeding in babies from mothers who deliver through caesarean section.

Reasons and Solutions of the Time-consuming College English Teaching with Low Efficiency

College English teaching has been regarded as time- consuming with low efficiency for a long time. This thesis proceeds with the entity of English education in China, deals with the main problems lying in the current college English teaching from 3 perspectives, including the nation and society, teachers, and students, and provides 5 suggestions accordingly.

Psychometric characteristics of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale among Iranian nurses

Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.

On Personal Reasons for Gatsby's Tragedy

The Great Gatsby is a tragedy of both Gatsby, an individual, and his generation. The times he is from is widely accepted as the cause of his tragedy. But he should also be blamed due to his idealism, and lack of moral sense. This paper tries to analyze the reasons of Gatsby's tragedy on his own part.

An Analysis of the Reasons for the Preservation of Hat Culture in Britain

As a famous and interesting symbol of Britain, hat culture has existed for a long period in history and British still retain wearing hats especially when they attend some grand activities up to date. Despite the increasing development of society and changing of people's conceptions, British people have never abandoned the hat wearing tradition. This paper will elaborately analyze the reasons for the preservation of hat culture in Britain from the aspects of historical, geographical, and social factors. And the conclusion will be come up that it is the attitude of British toward hat culture that has kept it alive till today.

A Study of Reasons That Wang Guowei Got a Bias against the TZ’u in Southern Sung Dynasty

Wang Guowei's bias against the TZ'u in Southern Sung Dynasty is a meaningful topic in literature. This paper aims to find the reasons of this bias based on Jen-Chien TZ'u-hua. We analyze the factors from two respects, the external influence and his internal preference, wishing to be able to find out real reasons.

Reasons for Workplace Mental Illness Disclosure and Non-Disclosure in Japan

The employment of people with mental illness is increasing each year in Japan. When they choose regular employment, some choose to disclose their illness, and others do not. In this qualitative study in Japan, I conducted a questionnaire survey among people with mental illness with an employment history about their experiences with disclosing their mental illness. After the data were coded, categorized, and analyzed, I identified three common factors for non-disclosure to an employer or supervisor: anxiety about dismissal and not being hired, anxiety about unfavorable treatment, and anxiety about stigma. Education and consideration for the illness were identified as requests for the employer. Based on these findings, I concluded that people with mental illness anticipate social alienation at the time of hiring or while they are on the job, that they must take measures to improve their working environment and decrease stigma in the workplace to continue working, and that education and increased awareness of mental illness in the workplace are needed.

Occurrence Reasons and Integrated Control of Physiological Chlorosis ofCinnamomum camphora L. in Urban Area of Pingdingshan City

The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment, planting situation, microenvironment construction and maintenance manage- ment. Therefore, the countermeasures of ＂prevention first, restore tree vigor; integrated control, enhance tree vigor＂ were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years, and the control effect was obvious.

Analysis on Reasons and Treatment Approaches for Shallow Anterior Chamber after Glaucoma Surgery

Purpose:To analyze the causes of shallow anterior chamber after glaucoma surgery,and explore effective treatments correspondingly. Methods:A total of 183 glaucoma patients. (218 eyes).underwent trabeculectomy,and shallow anterior chambers were observed after surgery.The causes were analyzed and appropriate approaches were employed accordingly. Results:Postoperatively,shallow anterior chamber occurred in 42 eyes. (19.3% ).Among those, 24 eyes. (57.1% ).had excessive filtrations,8 eyes (19.0% )showed delayed anterior chamber formation,5 eyes (11.9% )presented with choroidal detachments ,4 eyes (9.5% )displayed conjunctival flap leak ages,and 1 eye (2.4% )had ciliary block. Most shallow anterior chambers can be effectively improved after appropriate treatment. Conclusion:Shallow anterior chamber can be caused by a variety of reasons, mainly by excessive filtration. We should actively take reasonable measures to improve the symptom and try to avoid its occurrence.

What are the Reasons for Keeping Renminbi Stable

Most of the economists agree that renminbi is undervalued, while as for how much it should be appreciated, substantial disagreements exists. At the beginning of this year, analysts abroad tended to think that the renminbi should increase its value by 10% to 15%. The most recent estimates are that the renminbi should appreciate 20% to 30%. This shows the great upward pressure on the renminbi. Since it was devalued in 1994, China’s currency has been kept at a constant nominal level to the US dollar despite china’s rapid economic growth, rising productivity, strong exports, and massive foreign direct investments——all factors that normally cause a currency to appreciated, moreover, the resulting build-up of central bank foreign reserves in itself is sufficient to justify renminbi appreciation. The reasons for keeping Renminbi stable is discussed in this paper.

Loss of smell in COVID-19:reasons for variable recovery patterns from anosmia

To the Editor,Anosmia,which coupled with altered or loss of taste,during the current pandemic in individuals has heralded the onset of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The recovery from the anosmia has been seen to vary among individuals,which in some cases has been seen to take a protracted course.

Epidemiology, the Main Reasons and Maternal-Fetal Complications of Unassisted Childbirth in the Health District of V Bamako Commune, Mali

Objective: To describe the epidemiological aspects, to determine the reasons leading women to give birth outside of health facilities and to determine the maternal prognosis. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative and qualitative descriptive study over a period from 1 June to 31 December 2016 (7 months) on unassisted childbirth in the health district of commune V of Bamako. Results: We recorded 70 unsured deliveries, a frequency of 1.04% out of a total of 6719 deliveries. The extreme ages were 15 years and 41 years with an average age of 28 years. 90% of the birth attendants were married and 10% were single. The women's profession: 48% were housewives, 11% saleswomen, 13% hairdressers, 4% female teachers. Education level: 71% were uneducated and 29% educated. Among those who are educated, their level was primary in 50%, secondary in 32% and higher in 18%. 42% had done antenatal consultation. The main reasons: ignorance of work 44.3%;religious beliefs and societal burdens 10.0%;fear of caesarean section 4.3%;late-night birth labour 5.7%;lack of financial and/or transport means 17.1%; distance from the locality 2.9%;insecurity 2.9%. Maternal and perinatal prognosis: complications were mostly hemorrhagic and concerned 27 (39%) patients. These included uterine atony (13 cases), placental retention (8 cases), soft part lesions (6 cases). We have not recorded any maternal deaths. For the condition of newborns at the time of admission: 88% of newborns were alive, 11% were stillborn fresh and 1% stillborn macerated. Conclusion: The reasons are multifactorial and seem to be a reflection of our society.

Correlation between Reasons for Prescription and Karyotype Results in Patients Referred for Suspected Chromosomal Abnormalities

Karyotype prescription is based on clinical signs (or reasons for karyotype prescription) which are phenotypic manifestations associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to establish a correspondence between karyotype indications and their results in patients. This was a retrospective study that was carried out in the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody-Abidjan from 2014 to 2019. 58 patient files were identified and included the indication or reason for prescribing a constitutional karyotype and the biological result obtained. An individual data sheet was used to collect the data. 17 reasons for prescription were identified and divided into 2 groups. Sexual ambiguity was the most frequent reason (29.3%). The first group (G1) represented the 10 reasons for which the karyotype results were normal. The second group (G2) corresponded of the 7 motives with normal or abnormal karyotype results. Several anomalies were listed according to these reasons: inversions, mosaics (anomalies of number and structure) and trisomy 21. The last was the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (69.24%). It was found in several reasons for karyotype prescription: malformations, neurological disorders, suspected trisomy and cardiac pathology. Several factors could explain these results, among which are the limits of the karyotype and the non-genetic causes that can induce these abnormal phenotypes. Complementary examinations to the karyotype are molecular cytogenetic techniques, notably fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH).