The Impact of Recasts on Second Language Acquisition

The roles of recasts have been intensively studied in the first language (L1) research. This essay explores the role of recasts in second language acquisition, mainly focusing on discussing the studies addressing the following two issues: (1) the effects of recasts on the interaction of communication oriented classroom; (2) the role of recasts in promoting interlanguage development.Mixed evidence has been presented by second language (L2) studies regarding the impacts of recasts on second language acquisition.

Is Recast the Most Effective Type of Corrective Feedback？ --Under Cognitive and Sociolinguistic Approach

Currently, there are a variety of researches on corrective feedback, especially on recasts. Most of researches are experiment-based and depend on the certain context. This paper addresses the question of ＂Is recast the most effective form of corrective feedback？＂ by two of Second Language Acquisition （SLA） approaches： cognitive approach and sociolinguistic approach. Empirical research will be used as complement. Theoretically speaking, SLA hypotheses in cognitive approach exist disagreements. Interaction hypothesis favors recast while both input hypothesis and output hypothesis doubt the effectiveness of it. Sociolinguistic approach underscores the significance of appropriate and timely corrective feedback and does not give more credit to certain strategy. Both approaches provide the pedagogical implications and elements to take into account for adopting recasts.

A Brief Review on Recasts

Recast is the most frequently used error correction technique adopted by teachers in the communicative oriented classrooms. This article illustrates the reasons for its popularity, also discusses how to use recast effectively in practice.

How effective are recasts in facilitating second language acquisition?

Recasts are the most frequently used in class to give corrective feedback.However,there is a hot debate about their effectiveness in facilitating second language acquisition(SLA).The article aims to examine the effectiveness and explore ways to optimize the facilitative role of recasts in class.

Effect of Surface Treatment on Elemental Composition of Recast NiCr Alloy

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different surface treatments on the elemental composition stability of as-received and recast types of NiCr casting alloys. Material and Methods: Six commercial NiCr dental casting alloys (Kera N, Nodelco, Bellabond, Wiron 99, Metaplus VK, and Tritech D) were used in this study. Seventy-two specimens (12 × 12 × 1.2 mm) were produced using the lost-wax casting process. Three casting protocols were established in relation to the proportion of as-received and recast alloys: Group A (100% as-received metal), Group B (50 wt% new metal, 50 wt% once-recast metal), and Group C (100% once-recast metal). Two specimens in every group received two different surface treatments: sandblasting with 110 μmm Al2O3 or oxidation firing. An elemental analysis was performed with x-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The elemental composition was significantly different in the casting groups and treatment groups (p < 0.05). The lowest mean weight percentage Ni value was recorded for Group C and the highest for Group A. Aluminum-oxide sandblasting of the alloy surface reduced the mean weight percentage for Cr. Conclusion: Recasting metal alloys may adversely affect surface quality.

Explicit Recast, Implicit Recast and the Acquisition of English Noun Plural: A Comparative Study

该研究对比分析了显性重述和隐性重述对中国英语学习者英语名词复数习得的影响。63名小学六年级学生被随机分配到显性重述组、隐性重述组和控制组。每组21人。本研究的目标语法结构为英语名词复数。受试者单独同研究者完成了实验干预—信息差型任务。针对受试者产生的错误目标结构,显性重述组得到显性重述作为反馈,隐性重述组得到隐性重述作为反馈。而控制组得不到任何纠错型反馈。受试者关于目标结构的知识分别进行了前测、后测、延时后测。配对样本t检验和单因素方差分析的结果表明:三组的后测成绩都比前测成绩有显著性的提高;显性重述组的两次后测成绩都比隐性重述和控制组好;隐性重述组同控制组之间没有显著性差异。本文根据注意假设、自发诱导理论和平衡假设讨论了实验结果。在理论上,显性重述相对于隐性重述的优势证实了负面信息在二语习得中的有益作用。在教学上,其说明显性重述比隐性重述更适用于二语课堂。

基于胡麻油工作液电火花成形加工可行性研究

传统的电火花工作液煤油或碳氢矿物油等,存在加工效率低、表面质量差且环境污染和资源消耗等问题。而绿色可持续制造也是当今发展的主要趋势。因此文章提出利用植物油胡麻油为工作液在电火花成形加工中的实验研究,旨在实现绿色可持续电火花加工。研究响应参数电流、脉冲宽度和间隙电压对材料去除率,表面粗糙度值,表面质量的影响规律。实验结果表明,胡麻油在电火花加工过程中表现出显著的性能优势。胡麻油为工作液时,材料去除率显著提高,可获得更好的加工表面,表面裂纹明显减少,重铸层厚度更薄。说明胡麻油具有代替传统工作液的潜质,有望进一步促进绿色电火花加工技术的发展和应用。

短电弧车削蜂窝环重铸层影响实验研究

蜂窝密封结构是当代航空发动机的先进高效密封结构,传统加工难以满足其加工质量要求,且一般电加工效率低,因此选择短电弧车削。针对材料为GH3536的蜂窝密封环进行实验,为研究不同参数对其加工后重铸层的影响,设置单因素试验,以重铸层厚度和微观形貌作为检测指标,分析电流及电压波形图、工件表面扫描电镜图、截面金相图和表面能谱图。结果证明:重铸层厚度随电压和进给速度增加而增加,随工件和电极转速增加而减小,且表面质量有相同的趋势,多槽挡板电极可以得到更好的冲液效果,重铸层更薄且表面质量更好。因此,适当降低电压和进给速度、提高工件和电极转速,以及采用多槽挡板电极,可减少微裂纹、冲蚀凹坑、褶皱和熔滴颗粒等现象,提高工件表面质量,降低重铸层厚度。

RECASTS AS CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN CHINA’S ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION

本文基于30节课堂教学语料调查了中国英语教师使用部分重说反馈语(recast)的频率和规律。数据表明,中国英语教师并不倾向在课堂中频繁使用部分重说;而当他们使用时,他们一般针对学生的语法错误使用部分重说;并且和其它反馈语相比,部分重说不能导致学生产出更多的即时修正。原因可能与部分重说的性质和教师使用它的技巧有关。

重构谐波平衡法及其求解复杂非线性问题应用

谐波平衡法是求解非线性动力学系统周期解的最常用方法,但对非线性项进行高阶近似需要庞杂的公式推导,限制了该方法的超高精度解算.通过对频域非线性量的时域等价重构,提出了重构谐波平衡法(RHB法),解决了经典谐波平衡法超高阶次计算难题.然而,上述两种方法均要求动力学系统为多项式型非线性,且无法直接用来求解非线性系统的拟周期解.针对上述问题,文章提出一种将RHB法和复杂非线性系统等价重铸法相结合的计算方法,首先将一般非线性问题无损重铸为多项式型非线性系统,然后用RHB法进行高精度求解;针对拟周期响应求解问题,提出基于“补频”思想的RHB方法,通过基频的优化筛选,实现拟周期响应的快速精准捕捉.选取非线性单摆、相对论谐振子和非线性耦合非对称摆等典型系统进行仿真计算,仿真结果表明,所提出的RHB-重铸法在解非多项式型非线性系统的稳态响应时精度保持为10^(-12)量级,达计算机精度,远超现有方法水平.补频RHB法则实现了对拟周期问题的高效解算,拓宽了方法对真实物理响应的求解范围.

Second Language Research on Recasts:A Critical Review in Response to an Ongoing Debate

This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey （2013） and Lyster and Ranta （2013） in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts.

基于曲面响应法的短电弧磨削蜂窝环工艺研究

蜂窝密封结构是当代航空发动机的先进高效密封结构,传统加工难以满足加工质量的要求,需要采用短电弧加工技术加工此类零部件。为获得最优的加工参数,以重铸层厚度和微观形貌为指标,分析电流及电压波形、表面能谱、工件表面和截面形貌,并进行响应曲面分析。结果表明:对重铸层厚度和加工时间影响的显著性为:进给速度>工件转速>电极转速,重铸层厚度随进给速度增加而增加,随工件和电极转速增加而减小,且表面质量有相同的趋势。多目标优化获得最佳参数为:工件转速5.863 r/min,电极转速287.114 r/min,进给速度0.087 mm/min。因此,适当降低进给速度,提高工件和电极转速,可减少微裂纹、冲蚀凹坑和熔滴颗粒等现象,提高工件表面质量,降低重铸层厚度。

适用于航天控制系统零件精密内孔加工的高效电火花铣削技术

高效电火花铣削技术着眼于提升航天控制系统精密零件内孔加工的效率与精度,通过将高速电火花加工方法与传统铣削工艺相融合,突破传统电火花加工内孔需制备对应形状电极、加工效率低、几何精度差、再铸层厚度难以控制的限制,从电极损耗补偿和自适应过程控制、实时速度控制及轨迹规划、再铸层与表面质量控制方法等三方面出发,探索高效电火花铣削加工在复杂孔系壳体类、精密轴套类以及功能微孔类零件加工中的应用。该方法与传统电火花成形加工精密内孔相比,可将加工效率提升65%,同时最高可降低87.17%的再铸层厚度值,实现了精密内孔加工效率、质量与成本的多重提升。随着高效电火花铣削技术在精密加工中的广泛应用,将大幅提高航天控制系统关键零部件的制造能力,同时能够为日益增多的零件种类以及日益复杂的零件结构,提供更加全面的工艺解决方案。

国外某低铜锌高硫复杂金银矿选冶综合回收试验研究

针对国外某金银矿中黄铁矿含量高、铜锌品位低(Cu 0.11%、Zn 0.22%)、部分金以硫化矿粒间金及裂隙金赋存,银矿物种类多而杂的特点,采用“尼尔森重选-铜优先浮选-全硫混浮抛尾-全硫精矿细磨浸出-氰化尾渣选锌”的选冶联合新工艺,实现了该矿中金、银矿物的绿色分类快速提取和伴生低品位铜、锌矿物的高效综合回收。选冶全流程试验获得总回收率:Au 91.0%、Ag 77.3%、Cu 77.5%、Zn 63.2%,其中重选金银精矿含Au 41523.71 g/t、Ag 13763.36 g/t,铜精矿中含Au 400.8 g/t、Ag 5429.00 g/t、Cu 21.19%,锌精矿中含Zn 35.14%,全硫混浮尾矿(抛废)产率为74.6%。

Effect of no-load rate on recast layer cutting by ultra fine wire-EDM

Via material erosion in wire electrical discharge machining(WEDM),recast layers form on the surfaces of workpiece.In addition,ultra fine Wire-EDM can be usually cut once.To reduce the thickness of the recast layer as much as possible,the wire electrical discharge-electrochemical machining(WEDCM)method was proposed,which is based on the micro conductivity of the dielectric and microelectrolytic characteristics by adjusting the no-load rate of the pulse in the machining process.Furthermore,a state discrimination and servo control system based on discharge current was designed.The experiment results of different no-load rates show that the electrolytic effects increase as the no-load rate increases,and the main machining process is spark discharge erosion with a no-load rate in the range of 10%to 80%.At 90%no-load rate,the amount of recast layer formation in the forward direction of the wire electrode is almost the same as that of electrolytic dissolution,and it can be practically processed without a recast layer.Compared with10%no-load rate,the kerf width only increases by 7.5%.

电火花加工钛合金电参数对重铸层的影响规律研究

电火花加工(Electric Discharge Machining,EDM)后工件表面产生的重铸层(recast layer)严重影响工件的表面完整性和机械性能。重铸层厚度(Recast Layer Thickness,RLT)是电火花加工的一项重要工艺指标,特别是在电火花加工钛合金中更为关键,重铸层厚度主要受电参数的影响。以钛合金Ti6Al4V为试验对象,首先讨论主要电参数(峰值电流、脉宽、占空比和间隙电压)对重铸层厚度的影响规律;然后基于重铸层对表面粗糙度和材料去除率带来的影响,在考虑重铸层厚度、表面粗糙度和材料去除率等多目标下优化电参数组合;最后,结合不同重铸层厚度的加工要求,总结电参数选择原则。经试验验证,最优电参数组合在满足薄重铸层厚度和低表面粗糙度的同时,材料去除率提升了2.76倍。

论晚近时期陆游形象的嬗变与再塑

晚近时期陆游形象的嬗变与再塑伏脉于晚近特殊的文化生态,承载了国人对血性男儿本色与任侠尚武精神的寄托。由审美特性挖掘向政治诉求、道德价值的发现与认同倾斜,晚近文人切近时代脉搏来多方体认陆游及其文本的时代价值,陆游形象的再塑过程揭示了历史人物审美启示之外的多重价值。借助文学教育与晚近迅猛改善的媒介环境,陶铸陆游爱国、民族诗人新形象乃至英雄、战士的人格新貌。它刷新了陆游之于古典文学谱系中的既定认知,南宋历史情境中的陆游一旦被晚近民族国家意识过滤,备经晚近文人各取所需的推戴与阐发,陆游身上所包含的爱国特质与民族忧患情结成为经典诗人的重要构成,促使其步入中国古代一流诗人的行列。

The Effects of Recasts and Working Memory on the Development of Implicit and Explicit Knowledge

This paper aims to investigate the effects of recasts and working memory on the acquisition of Korean morphological causatives by advanced Chinese learners of Korean. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups： A experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received intensive recasts during task-based interaction, whereas the control group did not. The effects of recasts were measured by two types of tests： An elicited imitation test, as a measure of implicit knowledge, and an untimed grammaticality judgment test, as a measure of explicit knowledge. The findings are as follows. First, from the pretest to the delayed posttest, recasts facilitated the learners＇ acquisition of causative construction by developing both their implicit and explicit knowledge. Second, the results of delayed posttests showed that recasts were more effective in aiding the development of implicit knowledge than explicit knowledge. Third, working memory was found to be a significant covariate in the facilitative effects of recasts on explicit knowledge; that is, it mediated the development of explicit knowledge via recasts as a significant individual difference factor. The effects of recasts were maintained even when the impact of working memory was controlled. （189 words）

Recasting Anti-commercial Bribery Provisions in Criminal Law

Commercial bribery makes up a high proportion of all corruption involving public functionaries in China. As such, it must be a present and future focus of the fight against corruption. In order to better achieve the objective of restraining public power, we should adjust the criteria for what constitutes the crime of corruption and the content of the specific assessment of this crime in Chinese criminal law in the light of the characteristics and new manifestations of commercial bribery, with a view to combating it more effectively.View full textDownload full text

晚发型重度子痫前期胎盘组织LncRNA HIF1A-AS1、HIF1A表达与胎盘螺旋动脉重铸的关系

目的分析晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织长链非编码RNA缺氧诱导因子-1α-反义链1(LncRNA HIF1A-AS1)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF1A)表达异常与胎盘螺旋动脉重铸的相关性。方法选取2019年10月—2021年4月于本院住院分娩的92例晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇为子痫前期组,选取同期86例正常妊娠孕妇作为正常妊娠组。收集各孕妇年龄、收缩压、舒张压等一般资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测胎盘组织LncRNA HIF1A-AS1、HIF1A mRNA水平,扫描电子显微镜下测定胎盘螺旋动脉管腔面积和管壁厚度;采用Pearson法分析晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织LncRNA HIF1A-AS1、HIF1A mRNA水平与各参数的相关性。结果与正常妊娠组相比,子痫前期组胎盘组织HIF1A mRNA水平及平均管壁厚度、收缩压、舒张压明显升高,LncRNA HIF1A-AS1水平、平均管腔面积明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织LncRNA HIF1A-AS1与HIF1A mRNA水平呈负相关(r=-0.628,P<0.05),且LncRNA HIF1A-AS1与平均管腔面积呈正相关(P<0.05),与平均管壁厚度、收缩压、舒张压均呈负相关(P<0.05);HIF1A mRNA与平均管腔面积呈负相关(P<0.05),与平均管壁厚度、收缩压、舒张压均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织LncRNA HIF1A-AS1、HIF1A异常表达,可能与胎盘螺旋动脉重铸不足有关。