Wideband spectrum sensing using step-sampling based on the multipath nyquist folding receiver

Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.

Fast measurement and prediction method for electromagnetic susceptibility of receiver

Aiming at evaluating and predicting rapidly and accurately a high sensitivity receiver’s adaptability in complex electromagnetic environments,a novel testing and prediction method based on dual-channel multi-frequency is proposed to improve the traditional two-tone test.Firstly,two signal generators are used to generate signals at the radio frequency(RF)by frequency scanning,and then a rapid measurement at the intermediate frequency(IF)output port is carried out to obtain a huge amount of sample data for the subsequent analysis.Secondly,the IF output response data are modeled and analyzed to construct the linear and nonlinear response constraint equations in the frequency domain and prediction models in the power domain,which provide the theoretical criteria for interpreting and predicting electromagnetic susceptibility(EMS)of the receiver.An experiment performed on a radar receiver confirms the reliability of the method proposed in this paper.It shows that the interference of each harmonic frequency and each order to the receiver can be identified and predicted with the sensitivity model.Based on this,fast and comprehensive evaluation and prediction of the receiver’s EMS in complex environment can be efficiently realized.

Crustal structure in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas of Jiangxi Province by P-wave receiver functions

We collected high-quality teleseismic events recorded by 12 broadband seismographs deployed in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas in Pingxiang City,Jiangxi Province for nearly two years.The H-κ-c stacking method was employed to obtain the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio distribution,then the characteristics of crustal structure below the stations were obtained by using the time-domain linear inversion method.The crustal thickness in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas ranges from approximately 32~35 km,with an average thickness of 33 km,which is consistent with the crustal thickness results in South China from previous studies using the receiver function method.The average Poisson's ratio of the crustal bulk composition in the study area varies between 0.22 and 0.25,which is lower than the global value with a 0.27 average,indicating a predominantly intermediate-acidic or felsic crustal composition.There is a weak negative correlation between Poisson's ratio and crustal thickness estimates in the Anyuan Coal Mine and its adjacent areas,suggesting that the absence of mafic-ultramafic materials in the lower crust is associated with the process of crustal delamination.The velocity inversion results indicate that the crustal structure including three velocity discontinuity interfaces,with the first at a depth of approximately 1.5 km,the second at about 10~15 km,and the third being the Moho.The study also indicates that the results obtained by the H-κ-c stacking method are significantly better than those obtained by the H-κmethod,effectively reducing the standard deviation and dispersion of crustal thickness and vP/vSratio.

Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from joint inversion of surface wave dispersions and receiver functions with P velocity constraints

Lithospheric structure beneath the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is of vital significance for studying the geodynamic processes of crustal thickening and expansion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. We conducted a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions with P-wave velocity constraints using data from the Chin Array Ⅱ temporary stations deployed across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Prior to joint inversion, we applied the H-κ-c method(Li JT et al., 2019) to the receiver function data in order to correct for the back-azimuthal variations in the arrival times of Ps phases and crustal multiples caused by crustal anisotropy and dipping interfaces. High-resolution images of vS, crustal thickness, and vP/vSstructures in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were simultaneously derived from the joint inversion. The seismic images reveal that crustal thickness decreases outward from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The stable interiors of the Ordos and Alxa blocks exhibited higher velocities and lower crustal vP/vSratios. While, lower velocities and higher vP/vSratios were observed beneath the Qilian Orogen and Songpan-Ganzi terrane(SPGZ), which are geologically active and mechanically weak, especially in the mid-lower crust.Delamination or thermal erosion of the lithosphere triggered by hot asthenospheric flow contributes to the observed uppermost mantle low-velocity zones(LVZs) in the SPGZ. The crustal thickness, vS, and vP/vSratios suggest that whole lithospheric shortening is a plausible mechanism for crustal thickening in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, supporting the idea of coupled lithospheric-scale deformation in this region.

High Sensitivity Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Receiver for Precise Frequency Analysis

There are numerous applications, such as Radar, that leverage wideband technology. However, the presence of noise introduces certain limitations and challenges. It is crucial to harness wideband technology for applications demanding the rapid and precise transmission of diverse information from one point to another within a short timeframe. The ability to report a signal without tuning within the input bandwidth stands out as one of the advantages of employing a digital wideband receiver. As indicated, a digital wideband receiver plays a pivotal role in achieving high precision and accuracy. The primary distinction between Analog and Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement lies in the fact that analog Instantaneous Frequency Measurement (IFM) receivers have traditionally covered extensive input bandwidths, reporting one accurate frequency per short pulse. In the contemporary landscape, digital IFM systems utilize high-sampling-rate Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) along with Hilbert transforms to generate two output channels featuring a 90-degree phase shift. This paper explores the improvement of sensitivity in current digital IFM receivers. The optimization efforts target the Hilbert transform and autocorrelations architectures, aiming to refine the system’s ability to report fine frequencies within a noisy wide bandwidth environment, thereby elevating its overall sensitivity.

Deep learning-based LPI radar signals analysis and identification using a Nyquist Folding Receiver architecture

Nyquist Folding Receiver(NYFR)is a perceptron structure that realizes a low probability of intercept(LPI)signal analog to information.Aiming at the problem of LPI radar signal receiving,the time domain,frequency domain,and time-frequency domain problems of signals intercepted by NYFR structure are studied.Combined with the time-frequency analysis(TFA)method,a radar recognition scheme based on deep learning(DL)is introduced,which can reliably classify common LPI radar signals.First,the structure of NYFR and its characteristics in the time domain,frequency domain,and time and frequency domain are analyzed.Then,the received signal is then converted into a time-frequency image(TFI).Finally,four kinds of DL algorithms are used to classify LPI radar signals.Simulation results demonstrate the correctness of the NYFR structure,and the effectiveness of the proposed recognition method is verified by comparison experiments.

Constraining the crustal structure under the central and western Tian Shan based on teleseismic receiver functions and gravity anomalies

The Tian Shan is a vast range that spans several countries in Asia.Understanding its evolutionary history may provide valuable insights into intracontinental orogenic dynamics.In this study,we explored the crustal characteristics of the Tian Shan and their relationships to the tectonic evolution of the region.A new H-stacking method that combines the P receiver function and gravity anomalies was used to estimate the thickness and ratio of P-to S-wave velocities(Vp/Vs)for 91 broadband seismic stations in the central and western Tian Shan.Our results revealed significant lateral variations in crustal thickness and Vp/Vs.A—45-km-thick crust and an intermediate-high Vp/Vs(-1.74-1.84)were found in the Kazakh Shield and Tarim Basin,which we interpreted to indicate a mafic crystalline basement and lower crust.The central Tian Shan varied greatly in crustal thickness(40-64 km)and Vp/Vs ratio(1.65-2.00).which may be due to crustal shortening,mafic underplating,and crustal melting.In contrast,we observed a relatively thin crust(42-50 km)with an intermediate Vp/Vs ratio(-1.78)in the western Tian Shan.The differences in the crustal structures between the western and central Tian Shan imply that the Talas-Fergana Fault may be trans-lithospheric.

Waste Heat Recovery from a Drier Receiver of an A/C Unit Using Thermoelectric Generators

Thermoelectric generators(TEGs)are considered promising devices for waste heat recovery from various systems.The Seebeck effect can be utilized to generate power using the residual heat emitted by the filter dryer receiver(FDR)of an air conditioning(A/C)system,which would otherwise go to waste.The study aims to build a set of thermoelectric generators(TEG)to collect the waste heat of the FDR and generate low-power electricity.A novel electrical circuit with two transformers is designed and fabricated to produce a more stable voltage for operation and charging.The thermoelectric generator(TEGs)was installed on the FDR of the A/C unit.The test showed that climate conditions have a significant impact on the output power generated from the system.The results showed that the peak voltage recorded in the current study is 5.2 V per day(wet,cold,and wind weather)with an output power of 0.2 W.These values are acceptable for powering the load and charging a single battery with 3.5 V as the voltage increases battery 0.1 V/20 min charge.A case study of operating the emergency signs in a building was considered.The current heat recovery system is deemed to be easily installed and can be connected to a network of TEGs to produce more power.

Long-term and short-term stability characteristics of receiver inter system bias for BDS3/BDS2

The study of inter-system bias(ISB)is important for multi-system fusion and the performance of different signal compatibility.In this paper,the stability of ISB at the BDS3/BDS2 receiver end is calculated and analyzed for different time spans(DOY 060~090 in 2021)from a total of 31 MGEX and iGMAS stations.We adopted two estimation strategies,random walk and constant approach,using the precision products of orbit and clock bias provided by WUM,the influence of which on ISB was also analyzed.Our results showed that the ISB value varied little within a day,and the mean of daily ISB standard deviation was only 0.037 m when the observation condition was good.The signal reception was continuous,indicating a high ISB stability for one day.If extending the time series to one month,however,the ISB standard deviation calculated by constant approach,in which a constant ISB is estimated on a daily basis was about 0.1 m,and the results of adjacent days were not continuous,with no apparent pattern.Concerning the random walk approach,the obtained ISB time series also had a jump,and the conclusion was the same as that of the constant strategy.Besides,receiver types showed a strong regularity in ISB numerical situation,and the distribution of ISB values corresponding to the same receiver type was relatively close.Therefore,we conclude that the ISB parameters remain stable in the short term(one day)and less stable in the long-term period.It is recommended that the ISB term should be set as a constant estimate every day in BDS3/BDS2 solutions,regardless of receiver type consistency.

信号极化方式对跟踪接收机相位影响研究

移动卫通站大范围机动时可能会出现跟踪接收机相位漂移问题,这与使用的信号极化方式有关,必需采取相应的相位补偿措施才能保持天线的稳定跟踪。以典型卫通地面站天线馈源网络结构为参考,结合圆极化器工作原理,解析了不同状态下各接收端口输出信号的表达式,并根据单通道单脉冲跟踪接收机工作原理及其相位物理含义,全面研究了和、差信号不同极化组合时相位与极化角的关系,据此进行相位补偿,可有效解决地理位置变化引起的跟踪接收机相位漂移问题,并通过多个应用案例进行了验证。最后给出了信号极化方式选择建议,跟踪圆极化卫星时和、差信号极化方式应相同,跟踪线极化卫星时差信号极化方式应保持不变。

收发油过程20000 m^(3)复合材料浮顶稳定性研究

收发油作业时液面的升降对浮顶有一个冲击载荷,可能引起浮顶变形。为研究浮顶在收发油冲击载荷作用下的力学响应情况,采用多物理场耦合软件,建立了浮顶固体模型与油品的液体模型。考虑液面晃动的影响,分析了不同液位高度和不同收发油速度下对浮顶稳定性的影响。结果表明:收发油冲击载荷对浮顶的影响集中在距离收发油孔1~6 m的浮顶范围,随着收发油稳定,冲击载荷明显减小,收发油过程对浮顶的稳定性影响较小。

保理合同客体研究

保理合同属于混合合同,其客体是应收账款,可分为现有应收账款与将有应收账款。现有债权与将有债权基于基础法律关系生效与否而对应存在,前者对应现有应收账款,后者对应将有应收账款;未来应收账款、将有应收账款和现有应收账款均是应收账款债权在特定时点、特定条件下的概念,同一个债权随着时间的推移和条件的达成在上述概念之间转化;现有应收账款与将有应收账款为并列关系,共同构成保理合同客体;未来应收账款如果具备可期待性与可确定性可以与将有应收账款一样成为保理合同的客体。

时间反转直扩通信系统及性能分析

时间反转传输技术的空时聚焦特性能够有效地提升通信系统的性能.本文设计了一种将时间反转技术应用于直扩通信系统的方案,并对多径衰落信道下单用户和多用户系统的接收信干噪比、系统容量、误比特率等性能进行了理论分析与仿真验证.理论与仿真结果表明,通过时间反转预处理,直扩通信系统的性能得到了改善,且优于复杂度较高的多通道Rake接收的系统,且多径数目越多,优势越明显.

基于JTAG接口的多通道测试系统设计

为了实现雷达数字接收机的自动采集与分析,通过电路的JTAG接口和Quartus软件的SignalTap功能,将数字IQ数据进行采集和存储,经过嵌入式MATLAB的组合封装和LabVIEW测试算法的通用化分析,实现了多通道数字化接收机性能指标的便捷化测试,提升了系统的自动测试效率。

卡托普利抑制试验在原发性醛固酮增多症诊断和分型以及临床转归中的应用

背景 原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)作为继发性高血压中发病率最高、心脑血管危害大但手术后治愈率高的疾病,已被各大高血压指南推荐扩大筛查、早期诊断和治疗。但该类患者的确诊、分型和治疗后临床转归判定方式繁多且存在较多争议。卡托普利抑制试验(CCT)因其便捷、安全可直接用于社区、门诊,期望CCT能对PA患者进行全程管理以改善预后。目的 探究CCT对PA的诊断、分型以及临床转归的判断能力。方法 选取2020-10-01—2022-12-30在四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科接受内分泌性高血压病因筛查并登记的824例患者为研究对象。经筛选后最终370例患者纳入研究,其中123例原发性高血压(EH)患者纳入EH组,247例PA患者分别纳入单侧醛固酮瘤(APA)组81例、特发性醛固酮增多症(IHA)组55例和未分型PA(u-PA)组111例。比较4组间差异并绘制CCT后各指标及联合诊断PA的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,确定最佳截断值。其次绘制CCT后各指标诊断APA和IHA亚型的ROC曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评估CCT对APA和IHA的分型判断能力。最后根据术后临床结局将单侧肾上腺切除患者分为3组:未缓解组11例、临床改善组27例和临床缓解组54例,比较3组间差异并判断CCT对APA患者术后临床转归的判断能力。结果 CCT后血浆醛固酮浓度(PAC)对PA的诊断效能最高(AUC=0.921,95%CI=0.893~0.950),最佳截断值为11.7 ng/dL,灵敏度、特异度分别为84.6%和86.0%;CCT后醛固酮/肾素比值(ARR)对PA也有较好的诊断效能(AUC=0.868,95%CI=0.823~0.923),最佳截断值为2.8(ng/dL)/(mU/L),灵敏度、特异度分别为82.2%和81.0%。CCT后PAC>17.0 ng/dL可协助诊断APA亚型,CCT后PAC<11.7 ng/dL同时ARR<2.8(ng/dL)/(mU/L)的患者可排除APA亚型。在接受手术治疗的患者中,有87.2%患者经CCT后PAC<11.7 ng/dL,89.7%患者CCT后ARR<2.8(ng/dL)/(mU/L)均接近术后临床缓解水平(88.0%)。结论 CCT可全程用于PA患者的诊断、分型和临床转归评价,CCT后PAC及CCT后ARR诊断PA的最佳截断值分别为11.7 ng/dL和2.8(ng/dL)/(mU/L),也可用于APA的分型判断以及术后生化缓解的判断。CCT前采血检验临床意义小,可适当简化流程。

2014年~2020年《临床心身疾病杂志》收稿及录用情况

目的了解2014年~2020年期间《临床心身疾病杂志》的来稿刊用率以及影响力等评价指标的变化,掌握期刊的发展方向。方法利用中国万方数据库为数据来源,对所选数据进行统计分析。结果《临床心身疾病杂志》2014年~2020年期间,收稿篇数逐年上升,发展速度与增长速度均大幅上涨,刊发率在2014年~2017年升高,2017年~2020年降低。收到稿件中主要学科为医药、卫生,共4923篇(86.31%),文化、科学38篇(0.67%),工业技术18篇(0.32%),经济5篇(0.09%),文学4篇(0.07%),农业科学4篇(0.07%),语言、文字3篇(0.05%),社会科学总论2篇(0.04%),其他如哲学、宗教,政治、法律,历史、地理,数理科学、地球科学,天文学,航空、航天,环境科学、安全科学各1篇(0.02%)。《临床心身疾病杂志》影响因子2014年~2017年呈上升趋势,2017年~2019年呈下降趋势,2019年后随之上升,其中2015年~2018年影响因子高于1,2014年~2018年与医学期刊均影响因子对比升高,2019年~2020年则相反。2014年~2018年被引频次上升,2018年~2020年则下降。结论收稿量、引用频次、影响因子等指标可作为简单评估期刊质量的工具。

基于EM-VB的分布式接收运动目标直接符号检测方法

相比于传统分布式组阵接收采用的参数差异估计、信号校准合成以及符号检测的逐级处理结构,直接利用多个观测信号进行符号检测能够抑制信号间校准精度不佳带来的性能损失问题,但现有方法主要针对收发均静止或收发理想同步的情形。研究了一种最大似然准则下的分布式接收运动目标直接符号检测方法,首先给出了直接符号检测求解模型,针对模型中多组未知参数的优化问题,推导分析了各参数近似闭式解,采用基于迭代重估的闭环处理结构,利用多个未知参数和信息符号进行联合寻优。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法性能明显优于传统合成处理方法,与现有联合处理结构相比,在观测站数目较多时具有明显优势。

一种100 MHz~4 GHz宽带抗干扰射频接收机的设计

为满足导航、通信、相控阵雷达以及电子对抗等领域对高性能接收终端的需求,提高系统的抗干扰、通用化和小型化性能,设计了一款工作频率在100 MHz~4 GHz的宽带抗干扰接收机芯片。接收机结构采用直接下变频形式,包括单转差巴伦、无源混频器和移相器等,能够有效抑制频带内的干扰信号,在强干扰信号下整个接收机通道不阻塞,能检测出极小的有用信号,同时保证与没有干扰状态相比性能不恶化。针对零中频(zero-Intermediate Frequency,zero-IF)接收机容易产生本振泄露、自混频等现象,设计了直流失调校准、本振相位调整等功能,可实现直流偏置点5 mV的补偿。射频输入100 MHz~4 GHz变化时,混频器转换增益≥31.2 dB。

基于Aspen HYSYS的LNG接收站全流程模拟

以某LNG接收站为仿真对象,使用Aspen HYSYS流程模拟软件,选取PRSV方程作为物性计算方程,建立了接收站稳态模型。根据各个设备的运行参数,对接收站进行全流程模拟,得到了各物流、设备能耗等详细参数,并利用此模型分析了外输流量、温度和压力变化时对接收站各流程性能参数的影响。实验结果表明:该流程模拟可以完全满足各种复杂工况变化与调整的模拟仿真需求。

基于特征值的动态数字信道化子带检测算法

动态数字信道化接收结构通过检测所有子带,判断信号是否存在,为综合滤波器组处理提供依据,因此子带检测在接收结构中起着关键作用。针对传统检测算法存在低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)下检测性能不高的问题,依据随机矩阵理论,提出了基于最大最小特征值之差与平均特征值之比的检测算法,利用平均特征值和最小特征值的极限分布规律来推导算法的检测门限。其次,根据所有子带数据获取的特征值信息对所提算法进行了优化。最后,在动态数字信道化接收结构中,分析不同因素下算法的性能,表明了所提算法能够克服低SNR的影响,子带检测的性能更好。