Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR wer...Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter. Results 1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA≥100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r=0.73-0.77, P<0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific factor. 4) Among subjects with BMI≥28 kg/m2 or WC≥95 cm, 95% of men and 90% of women appeared to have abdominal visceral obesity. Conclusion Measurements of BMI, WC, and WHR can be used in the prediction of abdominal visceral obesity, of which WC was the one with better accuracy.展开更多
Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and...Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis were determined by retrospective clusters derived from spatiotemporal permutation modeling on a time-series design. The accuracy of the values was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. SPSS version 22, Arc GIS, and ITSM 2002 software tools were used for analysis. Results: Nine statistically significant retrospective clusters(P<0.05) resulted in finding seven significant and accurate endemic values(P<0.1). These valid endemic scores were generalized to the other 18 cities based on 6 different climates in the province. Conclusions: Retrospectively detected clusters with the help of ROC curve analysis could help determine cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic values which are essential for future prediction and prevention policies in the area.展开更多
Objective:To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),individually and in combination,for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases of esophag...Objective:To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),individually and in combination,for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases of esophageal,gastric,and colon cancers.Methods:The sensitivities of the two markers were compared individually and in combination,with specificity set at 100%.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted.Results:Serum CEA levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the control group.The sensitivity of CEA was determined:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=28%,negative predictive value(NPV)=61.72%,and AUC=0.742(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0001;in gastric cancer,sensitivity=30%,NPV=58.82%,and AUC=0.734(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0001;in colon cancer,sensitivity=74%,NPV=79.36%,and AUC=0.856(SE=0.04),with a significance level of P<0.0001.The sensitivity of CA19-9 was also evaluated:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=18%,NPV=54.94%,and AUC=0.573(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P=0.2054.In gastric cancer,sensitivity=42%,NPV=63.29%,and AUC=0.679(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0011.In colon cancer,sensitivity=26%,NPV=57.47%,and AUC=0.580(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P=0.1670.The following were the sensitivities of CEA/CA19-9 combined:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=42%,NPV=63.29%,SE=0.078(95% CI:0.0159-0.322);gastric cancer,sensitivity=58%,NPV=70.42%,SE=0.072(95% CI:-0.0866-0.198);and colon cancer,sensitivity=72%,NPV=78.12%,SE=0.070(95% CI:0.137-0.415).Conclusion:CEA exhibited the highest sensitivity for colon cancer,and CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity for gastric cancer.Combined analysis indicated an increase in diagnostic sensitivity in esophageal and gastric cancer compared with that in colon cancer.展开更多
Objective： To establish the diagnostic quantitative criteria for fire-heat syndrome （FHS） of Chinese medicine （CM） based on the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and principal component analysis （...Objective： To establish the diagnostic quantitative criteria for fire-heat syndrome （FHS） of Chinese medicine （CM） based on the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and principal component analysis （PCA）. Methods： The symptoms and signs of FHS cases and healthy subjects from Guangzhou, Henan and Hunan of China were collected through questionnaire, and the diagnostic quantitative score tables were established for the three regions, respectively, with the method of maximum likelihood analysis. The homogeneity test was then performed on the diagnostic score tables for the three regions with ROC curve, and the diagnostic efficiency of diagnostic score tables for the three regions was compared with the prospective test and retrospective test. The method of PCA was adopted to obtain the analysis matrix for classifying the tapes of FHS. Results： Twenty-seven elements of FHS were confirmed through Chi-square test, and the diagnostic score tables for the three regions were established with the method of maximum likelihood analysis on the basis of the collected case data. According to the ROC curve test, the areas under ROC curve of Guangzhou diagnostic score table assessment with candidates in Guangzhou, Henan and Hunan were 0.998, 0.961 and 0.956, respectively. It showed that the diagnostic efficiency of Guangzhou diagnostic score tables was the highest one. With the prospective test, the area under ROC of Guangzhou diagnostic score table was 0.949, and more than any other diagnostic score table. By PCA, FHS was classified into excess fire and deficiency fire, and then classified into syndrome of flaring up of Heart （Xin） fire, syndrome of Lung （Fei）-Stomach （Wei） excess fire, syndrome of deficiency of Liver （Gan）-yin and Kidney （Shen）-yin, and syndrome of deficiency of Lung-yin from the view of viscera. In the retrospective test, the consistency with clinicians＇ diagnosis was 69.4%, and in the prospective test, it was 70.1%. Conclusions： The Guangzhou diagnostic score table could be used as the recommended criteria for the diagnosis of FHS. The classification of FHS was basically in conformity with the clinical situation.展开更多
In diagnostic trials, clustered data are obtained when several subunits of the same patient are observed. Within-cluster correlations need to be taken into account when analyzing such clustered data. A nonparametric m...In diagnostic trials, clustered data are obtained when several subunits of the same patient are observed. Within-cluster correlations need to be taken into account when analyzing such clustered data. A nonparametric method has been proposed by Obuchowski (1997) to estimate the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve area (AUC) for such clustered data. However, Obuchowski’s estimator gives equal weight to all pairwise rankings within and between cluster. In this paper, we modify Obuchowski’s estimate by allowing weights for the pairwise rankings vary across clusters. We consider the optimal weights for estimating one AUC as well as two AUCs’ difference. Our results in this paper show that the optimal weights depends on not only the within-patient correlation but also the proportion of patients that have both unaffected and affected units. More importantly, we show that the loss of efficiency using equal weight instead of our optimal weights can be severe when there is a large within-cluster correlation and the proportion of patients that have both unaffected and affected units is small.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter. Results 1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA≥100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r=0.73-0.77, P<0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific factor. 4) Among subjects with BMI≥28 kg/m2 or WC≥95 cm, 95% of men and 90% of women appeared to have abdominal visceral obesity. Conclusion Measurements of BMI, WC, and WHR can be used in the prediction of abdominal visceral obesity, of which WC was the one with better accuracy.
文摘Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis were determined by retrospective clusters derived from spatiotemporal permutation modeling on a time-series design. The accuracy of the values was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. SPSS version 22, Arc GIS, and ITSM 2002 software tools were used for analysis. Results: Nine statistically significant retrospective clusters(P<0.05) resulted in finding seven significant and accurate endemic values(P<0.1). These valid endemic scores were generalized to the other 18 cities based on 6 different climates in the province. Conclusions: Retrospectively detected clusters with the help of ROC curve analysis could help determine cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic values which are essential for future prediction and prevention policies in the area.
基金the financial support provided by the Biotechnology Information Service–Sub-Distributed Information Centre(supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India)Advanced Bioinformatics Centre(supported by the Government of Rajasthan)at Birla Institute of Scientific Research for the infrastructure and facilities for conducting statistical work
文摘Objective:To determine the clinical serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),individually and in combination,for the diagnosis of 50 healthy subjects and 150 cases of esophageal,gastric,and colon cancers.Methods:The sensitivities of the two markers were compared individually and in combination,with specificity set at 100%.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted.Results:Serum CEA levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in the control group.The sensitivity of CEA was determined:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=28%,negative predictive value(NPV)=61.72%,and AUC=0.742(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0001;in gastric cancer,sensitivity=30%,NPV=58.82%,and AUC=0.734(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0001;in colon cancer,sensitivity=74%,NPV=79.36%,and AUC=0.856(SE=0.04),with a significance level of P<0.0001.The sensitivity of CA19-9 was also evaluated:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=18%,NPV=54.94%,and AUC=0.573(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P=0.2054.In gastric cancer,sensitivity=42%,NPV=63.29%,and AUC=0.679(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P<0.0011.In colon cancer,sensitivity=26%,NPV=57.47%,and AUC=0.580(SE=0.05),with a significance level of P=0.1670.The following were the sensitivities of CEA/CA19-9 combined:in esophageal cancer,sensitivity=42%,NPV=63.29%,SE=0.078(95% CI:0.0159-0.322);gastric cancer,sensitivity=58%,NPV=70.42%,SE=0.072(95% CI:-0.0866-0.198);and colon cancer,sensitivity=72%,NPV=78.12%,SE=0.070(95% CI:0.137-0.415).Conclusion:CEA exhibited the highest sensitivity for colon cancer,and CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity for gastric cancer.Combined analysis indicated an increase in diagnostic sensitivity in esophageal and gastric cancer compared with that in colon cancer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273817)the Program of Guangdong Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.20121225)
文摘Objective： To establish the diagnostic quantitative criteria for fire-heat syndrome （FHS） of Chinese medicine （CM） based on the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and principal component analysis （PCA）. Methods： The symptoms and signs of FHS cases and healthy subjects from Guangzhou, Henan and Hunan of China were collected through questionnaire, and the diagnostic quantitative score tables were established for the three regions, respectively, with the method of maximum likelihood analysis. The homogeneity test was then performed on the diagnostic score tables for the three regions with ROC curve, and the diagnostic efficiency of diagnostic score tables for the three regions was compared with the prospective test and retrospective test. The method of PCA was adopted to obtain the analysis matrix for classifying the tapes of FHS. Results： Twenty-seven elements of FHS were confirmed through Chi-square test, and the diagnostic score tables for the three regions were established with the method of maximum likelihood analysis on the basis of the collected case data. According to the ROC curve test, the areas under ROC curve of Guangzhou diagnostic score table assessment with candidates in Guangzhou, Henan and Hunan were 0.998, 0.961 and 0.956, respectively. It showed that the diagnostic efficiency of Guangzhou diagnostic score tables was the highest one. With the prospective test, the area under ROC of Guangzhou diagnostic score table was 0.949, and more than any other diagnostic score table. By PCA, FHS was classified into excess fire and deficiency fire, and then classified into syndrome of flaring up of Heart （Xin） fire, syndrome of Lung （Fei）-Stomach （Wei） excess fire, syndrome of deficiency of Liver （Gan）-yin and Kidney （Shen）-yin, and syndrome of deficiency of Lung-yin from the view of viscera. In the retrospective test, the consistency with clinicians＇ diagnosis was 69.4%, and in the prospective test, it was 70.1%. Conclusions： The Guangzhou diagnostic score table could be used as the recommended criteria for the diagnosis of FHS. The classification of FHS was basically in conformity with the clinical situation.
文摘In diagnostic trials, clustered data are obtained when several subunits of the same patient are observed. Within-cluster correlations need to be taken into account when analyzing such clustered data. A nonparametric method has been proposed by Obuchowski (1997) to estimate the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve area (AUC) for such clustered data. However, Obuchowski’s estimator gives equal weight to all pairwise rankings within and between cluster. In this paper, we modify Obuchowski’s estimate by allowing weights for the pairwise rankings vary across clusters. We consider the optimal weights for estimating one AUC as well as two AUCs’ difference. Our results in this paper show that the optimal weights depends on not only the within-patient correlation but also the proportion of patients that have both unaffected and affected units. More importantly, we show that the loss of efficiency using equal weight instead of our optimal weights can be severe when there is a large within-cluster correlation and the proportion of patients that have both unaffected and affected units is small.
文摘目的探讨肾小管及肾小球相关标志物在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。方法选取于2018年4月1日至2019年10月31日入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科的T2DM患者272例,完善临床生化指标及尿蛋白四项:尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,ACR)、α1-微球蛋白/肌酐(urinary α1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio,UA1CR)、免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio,UIGG)、转铁蛋白/肌酐(urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio,UTRF);进行眼底照相、核医学99mTc-EC检测肾有效血浆流量(effective renal plasma flow,ERPF)和99mTc-DTPA检测肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)。根据ACR和眼底检查结果分为4组:正常蛋白尿无糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)132例,即对照组(ACR≤30 mg/g);正常蛋白尿合并DR 32例,为糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)前期组;微量蛋白尿组78例(30<ACR≤300 mg/g)和大量蛋白尿组30例(ACR>300 mg/g)。比较四组间尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价上述各指标在不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。结果尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平在不同组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿蛋白正常组中,DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾小球功能标志物ACR、UTRF和GFR在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DR组UIGG较对照组升高(P<0.01)。在微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组,尿蛋白四项随肾损伤程度增加而增加,而ERPF和GFR随肾损伤程度增加而降低。ROC曲线分析显示,在尿蛋白排出正常的T2DM患者中合并DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR和ERPF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为68.2%(P<0.01)和60.5%(P<0.05),而肾小球功能标志物ACR和GFR的AUC均小于60%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿蛋白四项及GFR在微量和大量蛋白尿组的AUC均大于60%(P<0.05),ERPF在大量蛋白尿组AUC为67.2%(P<0.05)。结论T2DM极早期微血管改变即ACR正常仅有DR时,肾小管标志物UA1CR先于肾小球标志物ACR和GFR发生变化。肾损伤早期,肾小管标志物诊断效能优于肾小球;肾损伤后期,肾小球标志物诊断效能优于肾小管。提示DKD肾小管功能的改变可能早于肾小球。
