Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in cultured human periodontal ligament(HPDL)cells.Methods Small interfering RNA(siRNA)eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor(TGF-β RⅡ)was constructed and transfected into T cells.HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and baicalin.The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components(group Ⅰ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1;group Ⅲ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin;group Ⅳ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells;group Ⅴ:HPDL cells+baicalin;group Ⅵ:HPDL cells)and was cultured for 48 hours.RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells.Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.01)and higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.01);The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.05).Conclusion ① Baicalin could decrease the ratio of RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells.② The TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.③ Baicalin acts not only through TGF-β to regulate RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells,but also through other pathways.

Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

Increased Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Osteoblasts from Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density

Persistent generalized low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).However,the exact mechanisms and causes of the low BMD in AIS patients are largely unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in osteoblasts (OBs) from AIS patients with low BMD and with comparison made between the patients and controls.Twenty AIS patients and eight age-matched controls were included in the present study.The BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured in all subjects.OBs from the cancellous bone of each subject was harvested and primarily cultured.The mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG in OBs was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The results showed BMD was lower in AIS patients than in controls.A significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of RANKL was observed in OBs from AIS patients,while no significant difference was found in the expression of OPG between AIS patients and controls.As a result,RANKL/OPG ratio in patients with AIS was remarkably higher than controls.Our study preliminarily demonstrated expression of RANKL was higher in OBs from AIS patients with low BMD as compared with controls,suggesting the unbalanced RANKL/OPG ratio caused by an over-expression of RANKL in OBs may be responsible for the low BMD in AIS patients.

Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis and vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcifications are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） and contri-bute to the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates observed in these patients populations. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, recent evidence suggests a link between bone metabolism and the development and progression of vascular calcifications. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis which plays essential roles in the regulation of bone metabolism is also involved in extra-osseous bone formation. Further studies are required to establish the prognostic significance of the above biomarkers as predictors of the presence and severity of vascular calcifications in CKD patients and of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify whether inhibition of osteoclast activity will protect from vascular calcifcations.

Effect of Triptolide on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Rat Adjuvant Induced Arthritis

The effect of triptolide （TP） on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） was explored in rat adjuvant induced arthritis （AA）. AA was induced in Wistar rats. Arthritis rats were treated with TP and methotrexate （MTX） at the onset （day 9） of arthritis. On the peak of arthritis （day 24）, the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the joints and RANKL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was detected. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in peripheral blood were determined. Bone erosion scores were also evaluated. The results showed that bone erosion scores in TP and MTX groups were lower than in AA group （.P〈0.01） ; The expression levels of RANKL in the synovium （P〈0.01） and bone （P〈0.05）, and OPG level in synovium （P〈0.05） were lower in TP group than in AA group （P〈0.05）. In TP group, the expression levels of RANKL mRNA and TNF-α, IL-1β in PBMC were lower than in AA group （all P〈0.01）. It was concluded that TP could inhibit rat adjuvant arthritis bone erosion by suppressing the expression of RANKL.

Alendronate affects osteoprotegerin/receptor of activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand expression in human marrow stroma cells in vitro

Objective To evaluate the effect of alendronate on osteoprotegerin(OPG)and receptor of activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand(RANKL)expression in human marrow stroma cells(hMSCs)in vitro.Methods hMSCs were isolated from human marrow,cultured in vitro,and randomly divided into two groups:alendronate group,hMSCs culture fluid containing 1×10-7mol/L alendronate;control group,no special treatment but culturing hMSCs in DMEM.Two weeks after treatment,the expressions of OPG and RANKL were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results hMSCs became uniform spindle-shaped fibroblasts.As cells proliferated,they formed colonies and showed whirlpool arrangement.After one week’s treatment,hMSCs in alendronate group had reduced processes and gradually showed disc shape,which did not happen in control group but kept fibroblast shape and just increased in density.In RT-PCR,the ratio of OPG/RANKL in alendronate group and control group was 8.77±1.16 and 4.58±1.27,respectively.In Western blot,the ratio of OPG/RANKL in alendronate group and control group was 2.58±0.47 and 1.52±0.32,respectively.The ratio of OPG/RANKL was higher in alendronate group than in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Alendronate enhances OPG expression and inhibits RANKL expression of hMSCs in vitro.

Potential PET Ligands for Imaging of Cerebral VPAC and PAC Receptors: Are Non-Peptide Small Molecules Superior to Peptide Compounds?

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been known for decades to mediate neuroendocrine and vasodilative actions via G-protein-coupled receptors of Class B. These are targets of imaging probes for positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in tumor diagnostics and tumor grading. However, they play only a subordinate role in the development of tracers for brain imaging. Difficulties in development of non-peptide ligands typical for cerebral receptors of PACAP and VIP are shared by all members of Class B receptor family. Essential landmarks have been confirmed for understanding of structural details of Class B receptor molecular signalling during the last five years. High relevance in the explanation of problems in ligand development for these receptors is admitted to the large N-terminal?ectodomain markedly different from Class A receptor binding sites and poorly suitable as orthosteric binding sites for the most small-molecule compounds. The present study is focused on the recently available receptor ligands for PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors as well as potential small-molecule lead structures suitable for use in PET or SPECT. Recently, biaryl, cyanothiophene and pentanamide structures with affinities in nM-range have been proposed as non-peptide ligands at VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. However, most of these ligands have been classified as non-competitive related to the orthosteric binding site of endogenous peptide ligands of VPAC receptors. For PAC1 receptors have been identified hydrazide compounds for which an inhibitory and potentially competitive mechanism of receptor binding has been postulated based on molecular docking studies.

过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体γ调节胰腺癌生长部分依赖于NF-κB和AP-1

目的探讨过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)在人胰腺癌生长中的调节作用,以及核因子-κB(NF-κB)和活化蛋白(AP-1)在该过程的变化,旨在进一步揭示PPARγ抑制胰腺癌生长的机制。方法培养细胞经PPARγ配体15-脱氧-前列腺素J2(15d-PGJ2)、RXRα配体9-顺式-维甲酸(9-cis-RA)及其联合作用后,用MTT法测定细胞活力,并评价药物的抗增殖效果;用TransAMTM方法检测其对SW1990细胞中核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65活性蛋白表达的影响;用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测其对SW1990细胞活化蛋白-1(AP-1)表达的调节作用。结果15d-PGJ2和9-cis-RA及其联合应用对胰腺癌细胞的增殖均具有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。9-cis-RA对15d-PGJ2抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖具有协同效应。TransAMTM检测显示,15d-PGJ2、9-cis-RA及其联合作用干预组NF-κBp65活性蛋白含量均表现为先降后升的趋势,但都未达到对照组的水平。RT-PCR揭示随着15d-PGJ2、9-cis-RA及其联合作用浓度的提高,c-junmRNA表达水平均呈现先增高后降低的趋势;在15d-PGJ2或9-cis-RA单独干预组中,c-fosmRNA表达水平逐渐减弱;而在两者联合作用组中表现为逐渐增强的趋势。结论PPARγ的活化在体外对胰腺癌的生长呈负调节作用。RXRα的激活可协同增强PPARγ激动剂的抗增殖作用。

机械应力影响鼠骨髓基质细胞骨保护素/NF-κB受体活化剂配体mRNA表达变化

骨保护素/NF-κB受体活化剂配体/NF-κB受体活化剂(OPG/RANKL/RANK)系统对破骨细胞生成、功能起着关键的作用,它的发现是骨生理代谢研究领域的重大进展。为研究生理性机械应力对鼠骨髓基质细胞OPG/RANKLmRNA表达变化的影响,进一步探讨机械应力对破骨细胞的影响机制,通过对鼠骨髓基质细胞施加不同时段的生理性的机械应力,并以RT-PCR半定量的方法检测OPG/RANKLmRNA表达变化趋势。结果显示随着加力时间的延长(6h后)RANKLmRNA表达减少34.4%,而OPGmRNA(9h后)表达增加73%,提示生理性应力能显著影响鼠骨髓基质细胞OPG/RANKLmRNA表达变化,从而在一定程度上阐明了生理性应力延缓骨质吸收的内在机制。

矿化液和地塞米松增强大鼠原代骨髓基质细胞NF-κB受体活化剂配体的表达

NF-κB受体活化剂配体(receptoractivatorforNF-κBligand,RANKL)是调节破骨细胞生成的重要因子,它可在骨髓基质细胞中表达。矿化液(含10-8mol/L地塞米松、10mmol/Lβ-甘油磷酸钠、50μg/mlL-抗坏血酸)能够诱导骨髓基质细胞向成骨细胞分化,为探讨矿化液及其主要成分地塞米松对大鼠原代骨髓基质细胞表达RANKL的影响,采用矿化液培养原代大鼠骨髓基质细胞48h,通过免疫荧光染色观察RANKL的表达变化。结果显示矿化液和地塞米松在短期内均能增强鼠骨髓基质细胞RANKL的表达,提示地塞米松促进破骨细胞形成的分子机制可能与骨髓基质细胞RANKL表达的改变密切相关。

miR-144靶向NF-κB受体活化因子配体蛋白调控树突状细胞分泌细胞因子

目的探讨miRNA-144对树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)成熟过程中细胞因子分泌的影响及机制。方法通过对本实验室前期工作中获得的DCs成熟过程中miRNA芯片结果进行数据挖掘,筛选得到DCs成熟过程中显著下调的miRNA(miR)-144,并使用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激体外培养的DCs进行验证;检测miR-144转染DCs后相关细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-23)的改变及信号通路(NF-κB、MAPK)活化情况;使用TargetScan预测miR-144的作用靶点并通过双荧光报告系统验证;进一步构建靶蛋白过表达DC2.4细胞系并检测miR-144拟似物转染该细胞系后细胞因子TNF-αmRNA的分泌情况。结果体外培养的DCs经LPS刺激成熟后miR-144的表达下调(P<0.01)。miR-144拟似物转染DCs后,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-23mRNA表达均出现下调(P<0.05,P<0.01),NF-κB磷酸化水平下降。通过信息学分析发现miR-144的潜在靶点为NF-κB受体活化因子配体蛋白基因(RANKL)并通过双荧光报告系统证明了该结论。在RANKL过表达DC2.4细胞系中转染miR-144拟似物后,TNF-αmRNA的表达不受影响。结论 miR-144靶向RANKL调控DCs细胞因子分泌。

靶向于TNF-α和RANKL的人源化抗体对DBA/1小鼠单关节炎的保护作用

目的制备同时拮抗肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(re-ceptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)的人源化单克隆抗体(h8G12),通过单关节炎小鼠模型,评估h8G12在抑制TNF-α引起的炎症反应和拮抗RANKL引起的骨破坏中的保护作用。方法培养稳定表达h8G12的CHO细胞株,观察细胞生长状态,用间接ELISA检测细胞培养上清中h8G12的表达水平。纯化的h8G12经SDS-PAGE、West-ern blot分析及鉴定,用间接ELISA观察其亲和力。通过向DBA/1小鼠膝关节腔注射人TNF-α重组蛋白和人RANKL重组蛋白,建立单关节炎小鼠模型。用组织学评估观察不同给药方案[阴性对照组、阳性对照组、阿达木单抗(adalimumab,ADA)组和h8G12组]对小鼠单关节炎引起的炎症浸润、软骨侵蚀、膝关节腔内破骨细胞分化的保护作用。结果 CHO细胞株培养96 h时细胞生长状态良好,可稳定分泌h8G12;纯化的h8G12纯度可达90%,Western blot可见特异性条带,且可与rh TNF-α和rh RANKL结合。在单关节炎小鼠模型中,苏木精-伊红染色显示,h8G12组关节腔、周围软组织及骨髓腔内炎性细胞浸润明显少于阳性对照组,炎症评分降低了50%,治疗效果与ADA相似。甲苯胺蓝染色显示,h8G12组病理评分出现显著下降,h8G12治疗后小鼠关节结构相对完好,关节软骨厚度接近正常水平。抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色显示,h8G12组关节腔内破骨细胞明显减少。结论 h8G12可有效抑制TNF-α引起的炎症反应和拮抗RANKL引起的骨破坏,为类风湿关节炎的治疗提供了新方法。

复方大黄散对类风湿关节炎NF-κB受体活化因子配体、骨保护素的影响

目的观察复方大黄散外敷对类风湿关节炎患者的治疗作用及对血清中NF-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)、骨保护素(OPG)的影响。方法将首诊60例类风湿关节炎患者随机分为2组,对照组30例给予甲氨蝶呤10mg/周口服;实验组30例给予甲氨蝶呤口服联合复方大黄散外敷治疗,2组均以1个月为1个疗程。观察2组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和DSA28评分,检测2组患者治疗前后血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(CCP)及RANKL、OPG水平。结果治疗后2组患者VAS评分、DAS28评分及血清CRP、ESR、RF水平均较治疗前明显下降(P均<0. 05),且实验组VAS评分、DAS28评分及血清CRP、ESR水平均明显低于对照组(P均<0. 05);治疗后实验组患者RANKL水平明显低于治疗前及对照组(P均<0. 05),对照组患者RANKL水平和2组患者CCP、OPG水平均无明显变化(P均> 0. 05)。结论复方大黄散外敷联合甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎能有效控制关节炎症,缓解患者关节疼痛,并能降低血清RANKL水平,有一定预防骨破坏的作用。

BAFF-R介导的NF-κB信号通路对多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖及存活的作用研究

目的研究B淋巴细胞刺激因子受体(BAFF-R)介导的NF-κB信号通路在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中的作用,并进一步研究NF-кB信号通路对MM细胞存活的影响。方法应用Western blot法分析BAFF-R对NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的激活情况;同时通过RT-PCR、ELISA、WST-1检测NF-κB信号通路抑制剂(BAY11-7082)干预前后BAFF-R mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及对MM细胞增殖的影响。结果 BAFF-R阻断性抗体(0、1、5和15μg/ml)能够减少p52和p65蛋白的入核,增加IκB-α蛋白表达量,即BAFF-R能够激活NF-κB信号通路。BAY11-7082(1、2和4μmol/L)显著降低BAFF-R mRNA、蛋白表达水平,减少MM细胞增殖和存活。结论 BAFF-R激活NF-κB信号通路促进多发性骨髓瘤细胞的增殖及存活,进而参与多发性骨髓瘤的发生、发展。

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin expression in chronic apical periodontitis：possible association with inflammatory cells

Background Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） have been recently shown to play important roles in bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between the expression of bone resorption regulators （RANKL and OPG） and inflammatory cell infiltration in chronic apical periodontitis.Methods The samples of chronic periapical lesions （n=40） and healthy periapical tissues （n=10） were examined for immunohistochemical analysis of RANKL and OPG. Lesion samples were further analyzed for the inflammatory infiltration condition. The inflammatory cell infiltration was scored in relation to immunohistochemical reactivity for CD3, CD20 and CD68.Results The number of RANKL-positive cells and the ratio of RANKL/OPG in chronic apical periodontitis were significantly higher than those in healthy periapical tissues （P＜0.001）. The number of RANKL-positive cells was higher in lesions with severe inflammatory infiltration than in those with light inflammatory infiltration （P＜0.05）. Significantly increased RANKL expression was found with T lymphocytes （CD3＋）, macrophages （CD68＋） and B lymphocytes （CD20＋）infiltration （P＜0.05）. No association was found between the ratio of RANKL/OPG and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions RANKL expression was increased with T, B lymphocytes and macrophages infiltration, respectively in chronic periapical lesions. RANKL appears to be closely related to periapical inflammatory infiltrates. The relative ratio of RANKL/OPG may be a key determinant of RANKL-mediated bone resorption.

Effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian on expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B in rat liver fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) play important roles in liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian, a preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, on the expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B in the fibrotic livers of rats. METHODS: Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment (model, 8 weeks+treatment, 8 weeks; group A), natural recovery (model, 8 weeks+ saline, 8 weeks; group B), model (model only, 8 weeks; group Q, and control (normal, untreated, 16 weeks; group D). Each group consisted of 20 rats (except for group D, which had 10). Fibrotic liver models were induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCI4, oral administration of alcohol and a high-lipid/low-protein diet for 8 weeks. After the models were established, the rats in group A were orally given Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules daily for another 8 weeks. Then, the liver indices serum hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by optical microscopy. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the liver tissue was determined. The expression of PPAR-gamma was detected by immunohistochemical techniques. The protein levels of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The concentrations of serum HA, TNF-alpha and Hyp in group C increased compared with group D (P<0.05), and they decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05). The expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D (P<0.05), and it increased in group A compared with groups B and C (P<0.05). Similarly, Western blotting showed that the expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D, and it increased in group A compared with group C. The expression of NF-kappa B increased in group C compared with group D (P<0.05), and it decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules enhance the expression of PPAR-gamma but decrease that of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B in the liver tissues of CCI4-induced hepatic fibrotic rats. These effects may play a role in its activity in treating hepatic fibrosis.

补肾通络方抑制NF-κB/RANK/RANKL通路减轻胶原蛋白诱导关节炎(CIA)大鼠骨破坏

目的探讨补肾通络方(BSTL)对胶原蛋白诱导关节炎(CIA)大鼠模型骨破坏的改善作用以及对核因子κB/核因子κB受体激活蛋白/核因子κB受体激活蛋白配体(NF-κB/RANK/RANKL)信号通路的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、CIA模型组、1 mg/kg甲氨喋呤(MTX)处理组、(0.5、2)g/kgBSTL处理组,每组10只。除空白对照组外,其余大鼠采用含有卡介苗的完全Freund佐剂和牛Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(Col2)混合乳液免疫刺激,建立CIA模型。建模15 d后(第0天)根据关节炎指数(AI)评价造模是否成功。自第0天起,连续给予MTX或BSTL处理28 d,免疫组织化学染色法检测滑膜组织NF-κB p65的表达,ELISA检测大鼠血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、抗总Col2抗体及亚型(Col2-IgG、Col2-IgG1、Col2-IgG2a)水平,Western blot法检测滑膜组织RANKL、RANK、护骨因子(OPG)蛋白表达。结果与CIA模型组相比,2 g/kg BSTL处理28 d的大鼠足容积、AI值降低,血清IL-1β、IL-18、TNF-α、Col2-IgG、Col2-IgG2a以及RANK和RANKL水平均降低,OPG水平升高;大鼠滑膜组织中NF-κB p65、RANK和RANKL蛋白表达均降低,OPG蛋白表达增加。结论BSTL可通过抑制全身炎症反应,降低滑膜组织中NF-κB p65、RANK、RANKL蛋白的表达,上调OPG蛋白表达,缓解CIA模型大鼠关节炎症和肿胀。

西瑞香素通过NF-κB途径抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞分化

目的:研究西瑞香素作为一种具有抗炎抗氧化作用的中药成分对破骨细胞分化的影响及机制。方法:从BALB/c小鼠骨髓中分离获得骨髓单核细胞,使用GST-rRANKL诱导形成破骨细胞并分为3组:对照组、RANKL诱导组和RANKL+西瑞香素组,采用TRAcP染色评估西瑞香素对破骨细胞成熟与融合的影响,用Western Blot和qRT-PCR检测破骨细胞相关表型蛋白和核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路蛋白,构建荧光素酶报告基因检测转录因子NF-κB活性。结果:西瑞香素能够显著抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞形成,抑制RANKL刺激后的Acp5、V-ATPase-d2和CTSK的转录水平,并抑制与破骨细胞分化密切相关的两个转录因子NFATc-1和c-Fos的表达量。西瑞香素能促进IκB-α的表达,从而抑制NF-κB活性。结论:西瑞香素通过促进IκB-α的表达,抑制NF-κB活性,使破骨细胞分化相关的关键转录因子NFATc-1和c-Fos的表达量下调,从而通过抑制NF-κB途径发挥抑制RANKL诱导的破骨细胞分化的作用。

Curative efficacy of vitamin D3 in combination with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its influences on indices of bone restoration

Objective: To investigate the curative efficacy of vitamin D3 in combination with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its influences on indices of bone restoration. Methods: A total of 320 patients with RA were collected as observation objects to be randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 160 cases in each group. The control group was given treatment of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside, while the observation group was given treatment of vitamin D3 in combination with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside. All patients received a course treatment with 3 months. The curative efficacy, improvement of joint symptoms, changes of laboratory tests, indices of bone restoration and adverse reactions were compared. Results: After 3 months, assessment of curative efficacy showed that the observation group had a total curative efficiency ratio of 90.6%, which was significantly higher than that of 81.2% in the control group. Among the indices which reflect the improvement of joint symptoms, the joint pain index, joint tenderness index and joint swollenness index were statistically reduced in the observation group than those in the control group. And after treatment, in comparison with the control group, indices of laboratory tests of rheumatoid factor (RF), antistreptolyisn O antibody (ASO), c-reactive protein (CRP) were statistically lower respectively in the observation group. As to indices of bone restoration after treatment, the observation group had statistically lower serum level of receptor activator of nf-kb ligand (RNKL) and higher level of osteoprotegerin (OPG) than those in the control group. During the treatment, incidences of adverse reactions in the control group and the observation group were statistically same. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 in combination with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside has well curative efficacy in patients with RA, which can significantly improve joint symptoms, indices of laboratory tests and bone restoration.

Correlation of OPG/RANKL expression in gingival crevicular fluid with inflammatory factors, free radical generation and bone metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by periodontitis

Objective:To study the correlation of OPG/RANKL expression in gingival crevicular fluid with inflammatory factors, free radical generation and bone metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by periodontitis.Methods:Patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by periodontitis who were treated in Xi'an No. 4 Hospital between March 2015 and May 2017 were selected as the periodontitis group for the research, and healthy volunteers who underwent periodontal examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected to determine the expression of OPG/RANKL, the contents of inflammatory factors and bone metabolism molecules as well as the generation of free radicals.Results: OPG protein expression, OPG/RANKL expression ratio as well as ICTP and Runx2 contents in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas RANKL protein expression, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, HMGB1, DKK1 and MMP1 contents as well as ROS, MDA and 8-OHdG generation were significantly higher than those of control group;OPG/RANKL expression ratio in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis group was negatively correlated with TNF- , IL-1β, IL-17, HMGB1, DKK1 and MMP1 contents as well as ROS, MDA and 8-OHdG generation, and positively correlated with ICTP and Runx2 contents.Conclusion: The excessive activation of inflammation and oxidative stress in periodontal tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by periodontitis can cause OPG/RANKL expression disorder and then lead to bone metabolism disorder.