BACKGROUND： Coriaria lactone-activated astrocytes released bioactive substances that eventually caused epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： It has been suggested that activated astrocytes alter the expression of the estrogen recept...BACKGROUND： Coriaria lactone-activated astrocytes released bioactive substances that eventually caused epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： It has been suggested that activated astrocytes alter the expression of the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor by releasing bioactive substances during epilepsy, thereby affecting neuronal activity in the brain. This study was designed to observe the expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor in rat brain following lateral ventricle injection of coriaria lactone-activated, astrocyte-conditioned medium. DESIGN AND SETTING： This immunohistochemical, randomized, controlled, animal study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, China. MATERIAL： Coriaria lactone was provided by Huaxi Pharmaceutical Factory, China. METHODS： Forty adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups. Astrocyte-conditioned medium （10 μ L） was injected into rat lateral ventricle in the control group （n = 8）. Coriaria lactone-activated, astrocyte-conditioned medium （10 μL） was infused into the rat lateral ventricle in the coriaria lactone group （n = 32）. At 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours following injection, rats were sacrificed and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Eight rats were studied at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Behavioral changes were observed in rats of both groups. Expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons was measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Four hours after injection, estrogen receptor levels in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons were significantly higher in the coriaria lactone group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Progesterone receptor levels were significantly lower in the coriaria lactone group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Seizures were not observed in the control group. In the coriaria lactone group, convulsions appeared 30 minutes after injection; seizures reached grade Ⅲ at 45 minutes rat behavior was nearly normal at 2 hours. CONCLUSION： Activated astrocytes can induce seizures in the rat by enhancing estrogen receptor expression and decreasing progesterone receptor expression in cerebral cortical and hippocampal neurons.展开更多
目的:通过研究运动及多巴胺II型受体(dopamine type II receptor,D2R)激动剂干预对PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应的影响,揭示运动在改善PD小鼠基底神经节信息输出中的作用及机制。方法:选用4周龄雄性D2-Cre小鼠,右侧纹状体注...目的:通过研究运动及多巴胺II型受体(dopamine type II receptor,D2R)激动剂干预对PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应的影响,揭示运动在改善PD小鼠基底神经节信息输出中的作用及机制。方法:选用4周龄雄性D2-Cre小鼠,右侧纹状体注射兴奋性光敏感蛋白病毒(rAAV-Ef1α-DIO-ChR2-EYFP-WPRE-pA),通过光遗传技术精准操控D2MSN。小鼠随机分为对照组(D2-Cre)和模型组,纹状体分别注射生理盐水和神经毒素6-羟基多巴胺(6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide,6-OHDA),经鉴定符合PD标准的模型组小鼠再分为PD组(PDD2-Cre)和PD运动组(PD+Ex D2-Cre)。采用4周匀速跑台运动(18 m/min,40 min/天,连续5天/周)和D2R激动剂分别对各组小鼠进行干预。实验结束后,制备离体脑片,利用全细胞膜片钳结合光遗传技术检测各组小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应及黑质网状部的信息输出,并验证侧抑制效应的变化是否由D2R介导。结果:光刺激D2-MSN后,D1-MSN动作电位发放个数PDD2-Cre组显著低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05);PD+ExD2-Cre组显著高于PDD2-Cre组,但仍低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05)。光刺激D2-MSN诱发D1-MSN抑制性突触后电流(Optogenetic stimulation evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents,oIPSC)的幅值与基线比值,PDD2-Cre组显著高于D2-Cre组(P<0.05),PD+ExD2-Cre组显著低于PDD2-Cre组,但高于D2-Cre组(P<0.05);光刺激D2-MSN诱发黑质网状部(SNr)抑制性突触后场电位(field inhibitory post synaptic potential,fIPSP)最大幅值,PDD2-Cre组显著低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05),PD+ExD2-Cre组显著高于PDD2-Cre组,但低于D2-Cre组(P<0.05)。结论:PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应异常,并影响了SNr的信息输出,这可能是导致PD基底神经节功能紊乱的重要原因之一。4周运动干预通过改善PD模型小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应,调节了SNr的信息输出。D2R在运动改善PD小鼠纹状体D2MSN-D1MSN侧抑制效应和调节基底神经节信息输出中起重要作用。展开更多
目的研究不同强度静磁场暴露对大鼠纹状体多巴胺神经元D2受体和多巴胺转运体表达的影响。方法二级Wistar雄性大鼠48只随机分为对照组(C)、低剂量组(50 m T)、中剂量组(100 m T)和高剂量组(200 m T),采用中科院电工研究所研制的超导磁体...目的研究不同强度静磁场暴露对大鼠纹状体多巴胺神经元D2受体和多巴胺转运体表达的影响。方法二级Wistar雄性大鼠48只随机分为对照组(C)、低剂量组(50 m T)、中剂量组(100 m T)和高剂量组(200 m T),采用中科院电工研究所研制的超导磁体系统,将大鼠进行全身暴露,1 h/d,连续暴露15 d。分别于暴露第1 d、5 d、10 d和15 d活杀取脑纹状体组织,制作石蜡切片,免疫组织化学SP法检测纹状体中多巴胺D2受体和多巴胺转运体的表达并进行定量分析。结果暴露第10 d,多巴胺D2受体于中、高剂量组神经元细胞膜表达显著降低(P<0.01),暴露第15 d,低、中、高剂量组神经元细胞膜表达均显著降低(P<0.01);多巴胺转运体于磁场暴露第5 d、10 d、15 d,高剂量组神经元细胞膜和胞浆内表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论中强静磁场暴露可致大鼠纹状体多巴胺D2受体表达降低和多巴胺转运体表达升高。展开更多
基金Supported by:the Key Construction Program Foundation of Shandong Province during the 11~(th) Five-Year Development Plan Period
文摘BACKGROUND： Coriaria lactone-activated astrocytes released bioactive substances that eventually caused epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： It has been suggested that activated astrocytes alter the expression of the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor by releasing bioactive substances during epilepsy, thereby affecting neuronal activity in the brain. This study was designed to observe the expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor in rat brain following lateral ventricle injection of coriaria lactone-activated, astrocyte-conditioned medium. DESIGN AND SETTING： This immunohistochemical, randomized, controlled, animal study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, China. MATERIAL： Coriaria lactone was provided by Huaxi Pharmaceutical Factory, China. METHODS： Forty adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups. Astrocyte-conditioned medium （10 μ L） was injected into rat lateral ventricle in the control group （n = 8）. Coriaria lactone-activated, astrocyte-conditioned medium （10 μL） was infused into the rat lateral ventricle in the coriaria lactone group （n = 32）. At 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours following injection, rats were sacrificed and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Eight rats were studied at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Behavioral changes were observed in rats of both groups. Expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons was measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Four hours after injection, estrogen receptor levels in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons were significantly higher in the coriaria lactone group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Progesterone receptor levels were significantly lower in the coriaria lactone group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Seizures were not observed in the control group. In the coriaria lactone group, convulsions appeared 30 minutes after injection; seizures reached grade Ⅲ at 45 minutes rat behavior was nearly normal at 2 hours. CONCLUSION： Activated astrocytes can induce seizures in the rat by enhancing estrogen receptor expression and decreasing progesterone receptor expression in cerebral cortical and hippocampal neurons.
