BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP...BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- K B） expression in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University between January 2008 and August 2008. MATERIALS： L-NBP （purity 〉 98%） was provided by Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Aβ1-42, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolo-2]-2,5 iphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）, and rabbit anti-Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody were provided by Cell Signaling, USA; goat anti-choactase and rabbit anti-NF- kB antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz, USA. METHODS： Primary cultures were generated from rat basal forebrain and hippocampal neurons at 17 or 19 days of gestation. The cells were assigned into five groups： the control group, the Aβ1-42 group （2 μmol/L）, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 0.1 μmol/L L-NBP group, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 1 μ mol/L L-NBP group, and the Aβ1-42 ＋ 10μmol/L L-NBP group. The neurons were treated with Aβ1-42 （2 μmol/L） alone or in combination with L-NBP （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L） for 48 hours. Cells in the control group were incubated in PBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphologic changes were evaluated using inverted microscopy, viability using the M-I-I- method, and the changes in caspase-3 and NF- k B expression using Western blot. RESULTS： Induction with Aβ1-42 for 48 hours caused cell death and soma atrophy, and increased caspase-3 and NF- K B expression （P 〈 0.05）. L-NBP blocked these changes in cell morphology, decreased caspase-3 and NF- k B expression （P 〈 0.05）, and improved cell viability, especially at the high dose （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： AI3^-42 is toxic to basal forebrain and hippocampal primary neurons; L-NBP protects against this toxicity and inhibits the induction of caspase-3 and NF- K B expression.展开更多
Recent studies have demonstrated that Notch-1 expression is increased in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease patients. We speculate that Notch-1 signaling may be involved in PC12 cell apoptosis induced by amyloid ...Recent studies have demonstrated that Notch-1 expression is increased in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease patients. We speculate that Notch-1 signaling may be involved in PC12 cell apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide （25-35） （Aβ25-35）. In the present study, PC12 cells were cultured with different doses （0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 nmol/L） of N-[N-（3,5-Difluorophenacetyl）-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, a Notch-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, for 30 minutes. Then cultured cells were induced with Aβ25-3s for 48 hours. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with high doses of N-[N-（3,5-Difluorophenacetyl）-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester （〉 10 nmol/L） prolonged the survival of PC12 cells after Aβ25-35 induction, decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, -8, -9, increased the activity of oxidative stress-related superoxide dismutase and catalase, inhibited the production of active oxygen, and reduced nuclear factor kappa B expression. This study indicates that the Notch-1 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 apoptosis.展开更多
目的:探讨IκB激酶β(inhibit kappa B kinase beta,IKKβ)在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠肝组织中的表达及意义.方法:健康♂Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(n=20)和高脂模型组(n=20),分别给予标准...目的:探讨IκB激酶β(inhibit kappa B kinase beta,IKKβ)在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠肝组织中的表达及意义.方法:健康♂Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(n=20)和高脂模型组(n=20),分别给予标准饲料喂养和高脂饲料喂养.16 wk末空腹处死全部大鼠,收集血清和肝组织标本.检测血清中ALT、AST及ELISA法检测血清TNF-α水平;光镜下观察肝组织病理变化;RT-PCR和EMSA法分别检测肝组织IKKβmRNA表达和核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性改变.结果:模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α水平、肝组织IKKβmRNA表达及NF-κB活性均较正常对照组明显增强(96.63±14.2 U/L vs 39.50±12.2 U/L,156.13±14.7 U/L vs 71.25±14.4 U/L.48.23±3.4 U/L vs 6.74±1.3 U/L,0.85±0.03 vs 0.22±0.02.10.12±1.34 vs 1.58±1.23,P<0.01);病理则表现不同程度的脂肪变性、炎症、坏死及窦周纤维化与对照组相比有显著差异(25.63±7.21 vs 1.24±3.24,3.21±0.52 vs 0.49±0_36.6.26±1.86 vs 3.02±1.17,P<0.01).相关分析显示:肝组织IKKβmRNA的表达与NF-κB活性(r=0.930)、脂肪变性(r=0.681)和炎症坏死程度(r=0.864)以及血清TNF-α水平(r=0.762)正相关(P<0.05).结论:IKKβmRNA表达增加在NASH发病机制中发挥重要作用,其通过介导NF-κB活化,引起TNF-α的大量生成、释放,诱导加重NASH的发生发展.展开更多
目的分析血清骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、核因子κB活化因子配体(receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)及雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)对运动性骨疲劳的早期筛查价值。方法健康雌性大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,8...目的分析血清骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、核因子κB活化因子配体(receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)及雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)对运动性骨疲劳的早期筛查价值。方法健康雌性大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,8周训练结束后处死大鼠,采用酶联免疫法检测血清RANKL、OPG和E_2水平,采用IBM 21.0 SPSS绘制受试者工作特征曲线曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线),计算它们的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度和特异度,根据约登指数确定其诊断界值并评价筛查价值。结果血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值及E_2的AUC均大于0.9。选定的血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值和E_2的诊断界值分别为96.245 ng/ml、2.383 ng/ml、0.028和105.293 pg/ml,其灵敏度和特异度分别为90.21%和45.22%、96.19%和51.07%、94.42%和56.69%、93.36%和40.71%。血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值和E_2均早于金标准出现阳性诊断结果。结论动态检测血清RANKL、OPG及E_2水平,有望实现运动性骨疲劳的早期预警。展开更多
Lipopolysaccharide stimulates Toll-like receptor 4 on immune cells to produce immune mediators. Toll-like receptor 4 is also expressed by non-immune cells, which can be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. However, wheth...Lipopolysaccharide stimulates Toll-like receptor 4 on immune cells to produce immune mediators. Toll-like receptor 4 is also expressed by non-immune cells, which can be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. However, whether Toll-like receptor 4 is expressed by primary cultured hippocampal neurons and its specific role in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation is currently undefined, in this study, Toll-like receptor 4 antibody blocking was used to analyze the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway and changes in inflammation of lipopolysaccharide stimulated hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence showed that Toll-like receptor 4 protein was mainly located in the membrane of hippocampal neurons. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay showed that after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide, the mRNA and protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 and the mRNA levels of interleukin-ll3 and tumor necrosis factor-（] were significantly increased. In addition, there was increased phosphorylation and degradation of kappa B a inhibitor in the cytosol and increased nuclear factor-KB p65 expression in the nuclei. Pretreatment with Toll-like receptor 4 antibody could almost completely block this increase. These experimental findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide participates in neuroinflammation by stimulating Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-KB pathway in hippocampal neurons, which may be both ＂passive victims＂ and ＂activators＂ of neuroinflammation.展开更多
基金Supported by:the Medicine and Health Scientific Research Projects of Shandong Province,No. 2007HZ065
文摘BACKGROUND： L-3-n-butylphthalide （L-NBP） can inhibit phosphorylation of tau protein and reduce the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid peptide 1-42 （Aβ1-42）. OBJECTIVE： To observe the neuroprotective effects of L-NBP on caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- K B） expression in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University between January 2008 and August 2008. MATERIALS： L-NBP （purity 〉 98%） was provided by Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Aβ1-42, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolo-2]-2,5 iphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT）, and rabbit anti-Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody were provided by Cell Signaling, USA; goat anti-choactase and rabbit anti-NF- kB antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz, USA. METHODS： Primary cultures were generated from rat basal forebrain and hippocampal neurons at 17 or 19 days of gestation. The cells were assigned into five groups： the control group, the Aβ1-42 group （2 μmol/L）, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 0.1 μmol/L L-NBP group, the Aβ1-42 ＋ 1 μ mol/L L-NBP group, and the Aβ1-42 ＋ 10μmol/L L-NBP group. The neurons were treated with Aβ1-42 （2 μmol/L） alone or in combination with L-NBP （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L） for 48 hours. Cells in the control group were incubated in PBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphologic changes were evaluated using inverted microscopy, viability using the M-I-I- method, and the changes in caspase-3 and NF- k B expression using Western blot. RESULTS： Induction with Aβ1-42 for 48 hours caused cell death and soma atrophy, and increased caspase-3 and NF- K B expression （P 〈 0.05）. L-NBP blocked these changes in cell morphology, decreased caspase-3 and NF- k B expression （P 〈 0.05）, and improved cell viability, especially at the high dose （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： AI3^-42 is toxic to basal forebrain and hippocampal primary neurons; L-NBP protects against this toxicity and inhibits the induction of caspase-3 and NF- K B expression.
文摘Recent studies have demonstrated that Notch-1 expression is increased in the hippocampus of Alzheimer＇s disease patients. We speculate that Notch-1 signaling may be involved in PC12 cell apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide （25-35） （Aβ25-35）. In the present study, PC12 cells were cultured with different doses （0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 nmol/L） of N-[N-（3,5-Difluorophenacetyl）-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, a Notch-1 signaling pathway inhibitor, for 30 minutes. Then cultured cells were induced with Aβ25-3s for 48 hours. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with high doses of N-[N-（3,5-Difluorophenacetyl）-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester （〉 10 nmol/L） prolonged the survival of PC12 cells after Aβ25-35 induction, decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, -8, -9, increased the activity of oxidative stress-related superoxide dismutase and catalase, inhibited the production of active oxygen, and reduced nuclear factor kappa B expression. This study indicates that the Notch-1 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 apoptosis.
文摘目的:探讨IκB激酶β(inhibit kappa B kinase beta,IKKβ)在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)大鼠肝组织中的表达及意义.方法:健康♂Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组(n=20)和高脂模型组(n=20),分别给予标准饲料喂养和高脂饲料喂养.16 wk末空腹处死全部大鼠,收集血清和肝组织标本.检测血清中ALT、AST及ELISA法检测血清TNF-α水平;光镜下观察肝组织病理变化;RT-PCR和EMSA法分别检测肝组织IKKβmRNA表达和核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性改变.结果:模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α水平、肝组织IKKβmRNA表达及NF-κB活性均较正常对照组明显增强(96.63±14.2 U/L vs 39.50±12.2 U/L,156.13±14.7 U/L vs 71.25±14.4 U/L.48.23±3.4 U/L vs 6.74±1.3 U/L,0.85±0.03 vs 0.22±0.02.10.12±1.34 vs 1.58±1.23,P<0.01);病理则表现不同程度的脂肪变性、炎症、坏死及窦周纤维化与对照组相比有显著差异(25.63±7.21 vs 1.24±3.24,3.21±0.52 vs 0.49±0_36.6.26±1.86 vs 3.02±1.17,P<0.01).相关分析显示:肝组织IKKβmRNA的表达与NF-κB活性(r=0.930)、脂肪变性(r=0.681)和炎症坏死程度(r=0.864)以及血清TNF-α水平(r=0.762)正相关(P<0.05).结论:IKKβmRNA表达增加在NASH发病机制中发挥重要作用,其通过介导NF-κB活化,引起TNF-α的大量生成、释放,诱导加重NASH的发生发展.
文摘目的分析血清骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)、核因子κB活化因子配体(receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)及雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)对运动性骨疲劳的早期筛查价值。方法健康雌性大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,8周训练结束后处死大鼠,采用酶联免疫法检测血清RANKL、OPG和E_2水平,采用IBM 21.0 SPSS绘制受试者工作特征曲线曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线),计算它们的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度和特异度,根据约登指数确定其诊断界值并评价筛查价值。结果血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值及E_2的AUC均大于0.9。选定的血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值和E_2的诊断界值分别为96.245 ng/ml、2.383 ng/ml、0.028和105.293 pg/ml,其灵敏度和特异度分别为90.21%和45.22%、96.19%和51.07%、94.42%和56.69%、93.36%和40.71%。血清RANKL、OPG、OPG/RANKL比值和E_2均早于金标准出现阳性诊断结果。结论动态检测血清RANKL、OPG及E_2水平,有望实现运动性骨疲劳的早期预警。
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Nantong Applied Research Program,No.k2010036+1 种基金the 2011 Jiangsu Graduated Students' Research and Innovation Program,No.CX2211-0640the Nantong University Graduated Students' Technological and Innovative Program,No.YKC11033
文摘Lipopolysaccharide stimulates Toll-like receptor 4 on immune cells to produce immune mediators. Toll-like receptor 4 is also expressed by non-immune cells, which can be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. However, whether Toll-like receptor 4 is expressed by primary cultured hippocampal neurons and its specific role in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation is currently undefined, in this study, Toll-like receptor 4 antibody blocking was used to analyze the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway and changes in inflammation of lipopolysaccharide stimulated hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence showed that Toll-like receptor 4 protein was mainly located in the membrane of hippocampal neurons. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay showed that after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide, the mRNA and protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 and the mRNA levels of interleukin-ll3 and tumor necrosis factor-（] were significantly increased. In addition, there was increased phosphorylation and degradation of kappa B a inhibitor in the cytosol and increased nuclear factor-KB p65 expression in the nuclei. Pretreatment with Toll-like receptor 4 antibody could almost completely block this increase. These experimental findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide participates in neuroinflammation by stimulating Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-KB pathway in hippocampal neurons, which may be both ＂passive victims＂ and ＂activators＂ of neuroinflammation.
