Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Meta...Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity.Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders,and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy.In this review,we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways.Then,we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis.In addition,strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized.We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.展开更多
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathway play a pivotal role in innate immunity.Among invertebrates,Domeless receptors serve as the key upstream regulators of this...The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathway play a pivotal role in innate immunity.Among invertebrates,Domeless receptors serve as the key upstream regulators of this pathway.In our study on Bactrocera dorsalis,we identified three cytokine receptors:BdDomeless1,BdDomeless2,and BdDomeless3.Each receptor encompasses five fibronectin-type-III-like(FN III)extracellular domains and a transmembrane domain.Furthermore,these receptors exhibit the increased responsiveness to diverse pathogenic challenges.Notably,only BdDomeless3 is upregulated during symbiont-like viral infections.Moreover,silencing BdDomeless3 enhanced the infectivity of Bactrocera dorsalis cripavirus(BdCV)and B.dorsalis picorna-like virus(BdPLV),underscoring BdDomeless3’s crucial role in antiviral defense of B.dorsalis.Following the suppression of Domeless3 expression,six antimicrobial peptide genes displayed decreased expression,potentially correlating with the rise in viral infectivity.To our knowledge,this is the first study identifying cytokine receptors associated with the JAK/STAT pathway in tephritid flies,shedding light on the immune mechanisms of B.dorsalis.展开更多
目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(LHR)与其院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性及其在临床中的应用价值。方法:收集发病12h内就诊的481例STEMI住院患者的临床资...目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(LHR)与其院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性及其在临床中的应用价值。方法:收集发病12h内就诊的481例STEMI住院患者的临床资料及MACE发生情况,根据LHR的中位数(2.9)将患者分为低LHR组(LHR≤2.9,n=223)和高LHR组(LHR>2.9,n=258)。分析LHR与STEMI患者院内MACE的相关性。结果:高LHR组患者院内MACE比例均高于低LHR组[恶性室性心律失常:29(11.2%) VS 9(4.0%),P=0.004;高度房室传导阻滞:22(8.5%) VS 6(2.7%),P=0.006;心源性休克+死亡:29(11.2%) VS 7(3.1%),P=0.001]。恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克+死亡患者LHR差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,除高度房室传导阻滞(r=0.060,P>0.05)外,LHR与恶性室性心律失常(r=0.121)、心源性休克和死亡(r=0.115)均显著相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,LHR、空腹血糖是STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线显示LHR预测STEMI患者院内MACE的曲线下面积为0.606(95%CI:0.544~0.668),cut-off值为2.854,敏感度为80.6%,特异度为52.1%;LHR>2.854时STEMI住院患者很可能会发生MACE。结论:STEMI患者LHR升高与恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生呈正相关。LHR是STEMI患者发生MACE的独立危险因素,对恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生有一定的预测价值。展开更多
BACKGROUND Melanocortin 3 and 5 receptors(i.e.,MC3R and MC5R)belong to the melanocortin family.However,data regarding their role in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are currently unavailable.AIM This study aims to asce...BACKGROUND Melanocortin 3 and 5 receptors(i.e.,MC3R and MC5R)belong to the melanocortin family.However,data regarding their role in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are currently unavailable.AIM This study aims to ascertain their expression profiles in the colonic mucosa of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),aligning them with IBD disease endoscopic and histologic activity.METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies from CD/UC patients were sampled,and immunohisto-chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of MC3R and MC5R.Colonic sampling was performed on both traits with endoscopic scores(Mayo endoscopic score and CD endoscopic index of severity)consistent with inflamed mucosa and not consistent with disease activity(i.e.,normal appearing mucosa).RESULTS In both CD and UC inflamed mucosa,MC3R(CD:+7.7 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+12 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)and MC5R(CD:+5.5 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+8.1 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)were significantly more expressed compared to normal mucosa.CONCLUSION MC3R and MC5R are expressed in the colon of IBD patients.Furthermore,expression may differ according to disease endoscopic activity,with a higher degree of expression in the traits affected by disease activity in both CD and UC,suggesting a potential use of these receptors in IBD pharmacology.展开更多
Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review...Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.展开更多
Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Cu...Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.展开更多
目的建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,并对形成机制进行探讨。方法高脂饲料诱导法建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,分别于造模1、2、4周检测血清脂质的动态变化;检测肝脏脂质;酶联免疫分析法测定血清ox-LDL浓度;实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏CYP7A1(cho...目的建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,并对形成机制进行探讨。方法高脂饲料诱导法建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,分别于造模1、2、4周检测血清脂质的动态变化;检测肝脏脂质;酶联免疫分析法测定血清ox-LDL浓度;实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏CYP7A1(cholesterol 7a-hydroxylaseA1)、肝脏法尼酯X受体(hepatic farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、肝X受体α(liver X receptor,LXRα)、HMG-CoA还原酶mRNA的相对表达;Western blot法检测肝脏LDL-R的蛋白表达情况。结果豚鼠经高脂饲料诱导1周后,模型组与对照组比较血清TC、LDL-C即发生升高,随造模时间延长,血脂一直维持在较高水平。造模4周后模型组血清ox-LDL、sd-LDL浓度,肝脏TC水平比正常组升高。肝脏HMG-CoA还原酶表达下调,LDL-R蛋白表达量明显高于正常组。值得注意的是豚鼠肝脏法尼酯X受体(FXR)表达明显上调,且肝X受体α(LXRα)表达也明显上调,但二者激活水平相当,最终未改变肝脏CYP7A1mRNA的表达水平。结论高脂诱导豚鼠形成高胆固醇血症主要与外源性胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的清除发生障碍有关。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2021JJ30389(to JG)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China,Nos.2022SK2042(to LL)and 2020SK2122(to ET)。
文摘Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity.Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders,and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy.In this review,we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways.Then,we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis.In addition,strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized.We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202278)the Chongqing Special Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Chinathe earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-26)。
文摘The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK/STAT)signaling pathway play a pivotal role in innate immunity.Among invertebrates,Domeless receptors serve as the key upstream regulators of this pathway.In our study on Bactrocera dorsalis,we identified three cytokine receptors:BdDomeless1,BdDomeless2,and BdDomeless3.Each receptor encompasses five fibronectin-type-III-like(FN III)extracellular domains and a transmembrane domain.Furthermore,these receptors exhibit the increased responsiveness to diverse pathogenic challenges.Notably,only BdDomeless3 is upregulated during symbiont-like viral infections.Moreover,silencing BdDomeless3 enhanced the infectivity of Bactrocera dorsalis cripavirus(BdCV)and B.dorsalis picorna-like virus(BdPLV),underscoring BdDomeless3’s crucial role in antiviral defense of B.dorsalis.Following the suppression of Domeless3 expression,six antimicrobial peptide genes displayed decreased expression,potentially correlating with the rise in viral infectivity.To our knowledge,this is the first study identifying cytokine receptors associated with the JAK/STAT pathway in tephritid flies,shedding light on the immune mechanisms of B.dorsalis.
文摘目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(LHR)与其院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性及其在临床中的应用价值。方法:收集发病12h内就诊的481例STEMI住院患者的临床资料及MACE发生情况,根据LHR的中位数(2.9)将患者分为低LHR组(LHR≤2.9,n=223)和高LHR组(LHR>2.9,n=258)。分析LHR与STEMI患者院内MACE的相关性。结果:高LHR组患者院内MACE比例均高于低LHR组[恶性室性心律失常:29(11.2%) VS 9(4.0%),P=0.004;高度房室传导阻滞:22(8.5%) VS 6(2.7%),P=0.006;心源性休克+死亡:29(11.2%) VS 7(3.1%),P=0.001]。恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克+死亡患者LHR差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,除高度房室传导阻滞(r=0.060,P>0.05)外,LHR与恶性室性心律失常(r=0.121)、心源性休克和死亡(r=0.115)均显著相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,LHR、空腹血糖是STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线显示LHR预测STEMI患者院内MACE的曲线下面积为0.606(95%CI:0.544~0.668),cut-off值为2.854,敏感度为80.6%,特异度为52.1%;LHR>2.854时STEMI住院患者很可能会发生MACE。结论:STEMI患者LHR升高与恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生呈正相关。LHR是STEMI患者发生MACE的独立危险因素,对恶性室性心律失常、心源性休克及死亡发生有一定的预测价值。
基金The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli(Protocol code 795 on December 23,2019).
文摘BACKGROUND Melanocortin 3 and 5 receptors(i.e.,MC3R and MC5R)belong to the melanocortin family.However,data regarding their role in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are currently unavailable.AIM This study aims to ascertain their expression profiles in the colonic mucosa of Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),aligning them with IBD disease endoscopic and histologic activity.METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies from CD/UC patients were sampled,and immunohisto-chemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of MC3R and MC5R.Colonic sampling was performed on both traits with endoscopic scores(Mayo endoscopic score and CD endoscopic index of severity)consistent with inflamed mucosa and not consistent with disease activity(i.e.,normal appearing mucosa).RESULTS In both CD and UC inflamed mucosa,MC3R(CD:+7.7 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+12 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)and MC5R(CD:+5.5 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01;UC:+8.1 fold vs normal mucosa,P<0.01)were significantly more expressed compared to normal mucosa.CONCLUSION MC3R and MC5R are expressed in the colon of IBD patients.Furthermore,expression may differ according to disease endoscopic activity,with a higher degree of expression in the traits affected by disease activity in both CD and UC,suggesting a potential use of these receptors in IBD pharmacology.
基金the financial support provided by“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C020122022C02078)。
文摘Bitterness,one of the 5“basic tastes”,is usually undesired by humans.However,abundant literature reported that bitter fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects due to their bitter contributors.This review provided an updated overview of the main bitter contributors of typical bitter fruits and vegetables and their health benefits.The main bitter contributors,including phenolics,terpenoids,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides and purines,were summarized.The bioactivities and wide range of beneficial effects of them on anti-cancers,anti-inflammations,anti-microbes,neuroprotection,inhibiting chronic and acute injury in organs,as well as regulating behavior performance and metabolism were reported.Furthermore,not only did the bitter taste receptors(taste receptor type 2 family,T2Rs)show taste effects,but extra-oral T2Rs could also be activated by binding with bitter components,regulating physiological activities via modulating hormone secretion,immunity,metabolism,and cell proliferation.This review provided a new perspective on exploring and explaining the nutrition of bitter foods,revealing the relationship between the functions of bitter contributors from food and T2Rs.Future trends may focus on revealing the possibility of T2Rs being targets for the treatment of diseases,exploring the mechanism of T2Rs mediating the bioactivities,and making bitter foods more acceptable without getting rid of bitter contributors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071254(to WZ).
文摘Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
文摘目的建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,并对形成机制进行探讨。方法高脂饲料诱导法建立豚鼠高胆固醇血症模型,分别于造模1、2、4周检测血清脂质的动态变化;检测肝脏脂质;酶联免疫分析法测定血清ox-LDL浓度;实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏CYP7A1(cholesterol 7a-hydroxylaseA1)、肝脏法尼酯X受体(hepatic farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、肝X受体α(liver X receptor,LXRα)、HMG-CoA还原酶mRNA的相对表达;Western blot法检测肝脏LDL-R的蛋白表达情况。结果豚鼠经高脂饲料诱导1周后,模型组与对照组比较血清TC、LDL-C即发生升高,随造模时间延长,血脂一直维持在较高水平。造模4周后模型组血清ox-LDL、sd-LDL浓度,肝脏TC水平比正常组升高。肝脏HMG-CoA还原酶表达下调,LDL-R蛋白表达量明显高于正常组。值得注意的是豚鼠肝脏法尼酯X受体(FXR)表达明显上调,且肝X受体α(LXRα)表达也明显上调,但二者激活水平相当,最终未改变肝脏CYP7A1mRNA的表达水平。结论高脂诱导豚鼠形成高胆固醇血症主要与外源性胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的清除发生障碍有关。
