Node deployment strategy optimization for wireless sensor network with mobile base station

The optimization of network performance in a movement-assisted data gathering scheme was studied by analyzing the energy consumption of wireless sensor network with node uniform distribution. A theoretically analytical method for avoiding energy hole was proposed. It is proved that if the densities of sensor nodes working at the same time are alternate between dormancy and work with non-uniform node distribution. The efficiency of network can increase by several times and the residual energy of network is nearly zero when the network lifetime ends.

A Path-Based Approach for Data Aggregation in Grid-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network （WSN） are typically powered by batteries, thus the energy is constrained. It is our design goal to efficiently utilize the energy of each sensor node to extend its lifetime, so as to prolong the lifetime of the whole WSN. In this paper, we propose a path-based data aggregation scheme （PBDAS） for grid-based wireless sensor networks. In order to extend the lifetime of a WSN, we construct a grid infrastructure by partitioning the whole sensor field into a grid of cells. Each cell has a head responsible for aggregating its own data with the data sensed by the others in the same cell and then transmitting out. In order to efficiently and rapidly transmit the data to the base station （BS）, we link each cell head to form a chain. Each cell head on the chain takes turn becoming the chain leader responsible for transmitting data to the BS. Aggregated data moves from head to head along the chain, and finally the chain leader transmits to the BS. In PBDAS, only the cell heads need to transmit data toward the BS. Therefore, the data transmissions to the BS substantially decrease. Besides, the cell heads and chain leader are designated in turn according to the energy level so that the energy depletion of nodes is evenly distributed. Simulation results show that the proposed PBDAS extends the lifetime of sensor nodes, so as to make the lifetime of the whole network longer.

ANCAEE: A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the major constraints of wireless sensor networks is limited energy available to sensor nodes because of the small size of the batteries they use as source of power. Clustering is one of the routing techniques that have been using to minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption during operation. In this paper, A Novel Clustering Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (ANCAEE) has been proposed. The algorithm achieves good performance in terms of minimizing energy consumption during data transmission and energy consumptions are distributed uniformly among all nodes. ANCAEE uses a new method of clusters formation and election of cluster heads. The algorithm ensures that a node transmits its data to the cluster head with a single hop transmission and cluster heads forward their data to the base station with multi-hop transmissions. Simulation results show that our approach consumes less energy and effectively extends network utilization.

Topology Control and Routing in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, a two-tiered Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) where nodes are divided into clusters and nodes forward data to base stations through cluster heads is considered. To maximize the network lifetime, two energy efficient approaches are investigated. We first propose an approach that optimally locates the base stations within the network so that the distance between each cluster head and its closest base station is decreased. Then, a routing technique is developed to arrange the communication between cluster heads toward the base stations in order to guaranty that the gathered information effectively and efficiently reach the application. The overall dynamic framework that combines the above two schemes is described and evaluated. The experimental performance evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of topology control as a vital process to maximize the network lifetime of WSNs.

A Cross-Layer Optimization Framework for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

We consider the extension of network lifetime of battery driven wireless sensor networks by splitting the sensing area into uniform clusters and implementing heterogeneous modulation schemes at different members of the clusters. A cross-layer optimization has been proposed to reduce total energy expenditure of the network;at network layer, routing is done through uniform clusters;at MAC layer, each sensor node of the cluster is assigned fixed or variable time slots and at physical layer different member of the clusters is assigned different modulation techniques. MATLAB simulation proved substantial network lifetime gains.

Energy Optimisation in Wireless Sensor Network

The solution we propose optimizes the energy inside the wireless sensor network (WSN) with higher performance. The WSN is composed of many sensors nodes which collect the information, treat that information then send it to the base station. The information is received by the base station (BS) then data?are?sent to the users by that BS. The most important element in sensor node is energy, as the lifetime of wireless sensor network depends on the sensor node energy. So many researches had been made in order to improve this energy basing routing protocols. As a result, we are able to propose a solution that optimizes this energy. In this paper, we are presenting a new approach of selecting node sensor base on routing protocol and process to send data to the base station. This ameliorates wireless sensor network lifetime and increases?the transmission sensor node to base station.

无线传感器网络强化学习增强路由研究

探讨了在无线网络树型路由中寻找最优父节点的经典问题,分析了影响树型路由决策规则的多个指标,如接收信号强度的加权平均值、缓冲区占用率和功耗比。提出了一种基于强化学习增强树路由协议和强化学习算法在无线传感器网络中应用的系统模型,并详细说明了所提出的基于树的路由协议的基本操作,为循环检测父节点更新了算法;为了在复杂的场景中做出自适应决策,定义了一个状态空间、动作集和激励函数。通过试错找到激励最高的最佳父节点;并通过模拟比较研究,验证了父节点选择方案在性能指标(即端到端延迟、可靠性和能量消耗)之间进行合理权衡。

MimiBS： Mimicking Base-Station to Provide Location PrivacyProtection in Wireless Sensor Networks

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), sink node/base station (BS) gathers data from surrounding nodes and sends them to a remote server via a gateway. BS holds important data. Therefore, it is necessary to hide its location from an inside/outside attacker. Providing BS location anonymity against a local and global adversary, we propose a novel technique called MimiBS 'Mimicking Base-Station'. The key idea is the integration of aggregator nodes (ANs) with sensor nodes (SNs), while fine tuning TTL (time to live) value for fake packets, and setting some threshold value for real packet counter rpctr. MimiBS creates multiple traffic-hotspots (zones), which shifts the focus from BS to the newly created ANs hotspots. Multiple traffic-hotspots confuse the adversary while determining the real BS location information. We defend the BS location information anonymity against traffic analysis attack, and traffic tracing attack. MimiBS gives an illusion of having multiple BSs, and thus, if the attacker knows any about AN, he/she will be deceived between the real BS and ANs. MimiBS outperforms BLAST (base-station location anonymity and security technique), RW (random walk), and SP (shortest path), while conducting routing without fake packets, with fake packets, without energy consideration, and with energy consideration respectively.

RSS-Based Selective Clustering Technique Using Master Node for WSN

Wireless sensor networks(WSN)are designed to monitor the physical properties of the target area.The received signal strength(RSS)plays a significant role in reducing sensor node power consumption during data transmission.Proper utilization of RSS values with clustering is required to harvest the energy of each network node to prolong the network life span.This paper introduces the RSS-based energy-efficient selective clustering technique using a master node(RESCM)to improve energy utilization using a master node.The master node positioned at the center of the network area and base station(BS)is placed outside the network area.During cluster head(CH)selection,the node with a high RSS value is more likely to become CH.The network is divided into segments according to the distance from the master node.All nodes near BS or master node transmit their data using direct transmission without the clustering process.The simulation results showed that the RESCM method improves the total network lifespan effectively.

Antenna and Base-Station Diversity for WSN Livestock Monitoring

Antenna and base-station diversity have been applied to a wireless sensor network for the monitoring of live-stock. A field trial has been described and the advantage to be gained in a practical environment has been assessed.

AEECA for Reliable Communication to Enhance the Network Life Time for WSN

Nowadays,wireless sensor networks play a vital role in our day to day life.Wireless communication is preferred for many sensing applications due its convenience,flexibility and effectiveness.The sensors to sense the environmental factor are versatile and send sensed data to central station wirelessly.The cluster based protocols are provided an optimal solution for enhancing the lifetime of the sensor networks.In this paper,modified K-means++algorithm is used to form the cluster and cluster head in an efficient way and the Advanced Energy-Efficient Cluster head selection Algorithm(AEECA)is used to calculate the weighted fac-tor of the transmission path and effective data collection using gateway node.The experimental results show the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing routing algorithms.

无线可充电传感器网络中充电规划研究进展

传感器网络作为当代信息获取的重要手段之一,受到各国各界的广泛关注.在传感器网络中,能量问题一直是限制其广泛应用的重要约束和挑战.由于无线充电技术和智能移动节点的发展,使得综合使用这两种技术能够彻底解决传感器网络中的能量问题.这类采用无线充电方案的传感器网络称为无线可充电传感器网络.其中,充电规划影响无线可充电传感器网络在解决能量问题时的成本和效果,因此成为研究的热点.综述了最近几年无线可充电传感器网络研究中充电规划设计,从软、硬件层面的6个不同维度对这些方案进行分类概述和对比分析,总结在不同应用场景下进行充电规划设计的一般性思路,并通过3个实例进行演示,验证该设计思路的易用性和实用性.

多基站可充电无线传感器网络建模及优化研究

研究问题为引入无线能量补给设备后,多基站无线传感器网络的跨层优化问题。以设计无线传感器网络中的数据路由、传感器节点的功率控制及无线能量补给设备的工作策略为研究目标,通过提出无线传感器网络中传感器节点活跃度的概念,分析无线传感器网络物理层与网络层需要满足的约束条件,结合无线能量补给设备需要满足的约束条件,提出可充电无线传感器动态网络跨层优化问题,并将其转化为易于求解的线性规划问题。根据求得的最优解获得无线传感器网络中传感器节点动态且周期的数据路由及功率控制策略,并得到无线能量补给设备周期性工作策略,且无线能量补给设备驻站时间比较之前研究成果提升在100%以上。

基于无线传感器网络的农田灌溉远程监控系统

为了实现自动灌溉控制,节约农田灌溉用水,设计了一套集农田土壤温湿度监测、泵和电磁阀控制、远程管理的灌溉远程监控系统.该系统以433 MHz频率为核心开发无线传感器网络节点,完成农田土壤温湿度实时监测.基于ARM9微处理器S3C2410构建基站,对比已存储在数据库中的限值,由基站控制泵和电磁阀的启闭,并通过GPRS无线传输方式进行灌溉系统的远程实时监控,远程监控中心采用Citect组态软件实现数据、人机界面管理.试验中,选用4组无线传感器网络节点,分别测得25 cm深度土壤的温度和湿度,数据采样时间间隔为30 min,基站根据土壤信息控制泵与阀门的开闭,并通过GPRS无线网络传输至远程监控中心.试验表明系统使用灵活、功耗低、人机界面友好,能较好地满足农田灌溉远程监控的应用需求.

基于无线传感器网络的土壤水分监测基站系统设计

根据土壤水分监测传感器网络应用的需求,提出一种基于无线传感器网络的土壤水分监测基站系统的设计方案,包括监测网络体系结构、硬件结构及软件功能模块分割的总体方案设计。此外,还对基站无线通信模块、数据转换模块、存储模块、人机界面和数据上传模块进行详细设计。在实验测试中,本系统运行状况良好、工作稳定,基本能满足实际应用的需要。

移动基站无线传感器网络参数的选取优化

针对已有研究只讨论r<<R(即发射半径远小于网络半径)且节点发射功率固定的网络,推广到一般的网络:即r与R可以是任意关系,且节点的发射功率可变,其最大发射半径是最小能量发射半径r的k倍的传感器网络。采用更精确的分析方法,给出使得网络总能量消耗最小,网络寿命最长时的缓冲区位置与能量发射级别参数的选取方法。研究结果表明:传感器节点的能量发射级别可变时,通过选择优化的发射功率,与采用固定功率发射方法相比能够提高网络寿命5倍以上;当采用单跳网络时,缓冲区中心到圆心的距离L=2/3R,网络总能量消耗最小,当L=1/2R时,网络的寿命最长,证明以往研究认为多跳传感器网络最优的缓冲区位置位于L=2^(1/2)/2R处是不准确的,该位置与多个因素相关;综合优化缓冲区位置与节点能量发射功率的方法,可提高网络能量利用效益1个数量级以上。本文的研究结论对优化传感器网络具有较好的指导作用。

一种移动基站的树形无线传感网数据收集方法

为了节约和均衡无线传感网的能量消耗,适应大规模应用的需求,提出一种移动基站的树形无线传感网数据收集方法.该方法是将圆形监测区域中的节点划分到若干正方形虚拟网格里,在每一个网格中根据节点的能量和位置信息采用定时器机制选出一个簇头,非簇头节点就近入簇,簇头组成以基站为根的数据汇聚树,簇头将数据沿着汇聚树传输给基站.为了均衡节点的能量,当采集一轮数据后,在所有节点休眠的同时基站移到区域边缘的下一个位置,再进行同样的数据采集工作.仿真结果表明,此方法能够有效延长网络的生命期.

基于动态规划的矿井无线再编程最优基站选址算法

广泛应用于安全关键系统的大规模无线网络需动态更新节点程序,采用无线再编程方式进行程序更新,具有高效性及灵活性。研究在节点均匀分布的矿井无线传感器网络环境下,如何选取最优的基站使整个网络再编程代价最小。首先由网络节点程序更新的接力覆盖过程推导出基站选址模型,其次将其转化为求解连通简单图任意节点不循环最长最短通路的最小值问题,最后给出基于动态规划的最优算法,包括最优子结构和重叠子问题。数值结果表明,与其他最优算法相比,该算法在网络复杂度急剧增大时仍保持平稳的时间消耗。

无线传感器网络中基于梯度的拓扑控制算法

对无线传感器网络,根据定向扩散协议提出一种基于梯度场拓扑控制算法(ETBG),以减少分级簇等级,从而达到降低时延的目的,同时采用基站移动的方法平衡网络负载,进一步提高网络的生存期。最后通过仿真验证算法的有效性。

基于最优化理论的无线传感器网络通信模型

针对无线传感器网络中多源多基站的最大生命期问题,提出一种基于最优化理论的网络通信模型。根据无线传感器网络能量限制和数据流量守恒原则建立整数非线性规划模型,以网络最大生命期为最优目标,将能量和带宽作为限制的多约束条件,利用最优化技术中的分布式算法求解该模型。仿真结果表明,在多基站环境中,该模型能够延长网络生命期。