Magnetic Nonreciprocity in a Hybrid Device of Asymmetric Artificial Spin-Ice-Superconductors

Controlling the size and distribution of potential barriers within a medium of interacting particles can unveil unique collective behaviors and innovative functionalities.We introduce a unique superconducting hybrid device using a novel artificial spin ice structure composed of asymmetric nanomagnets.This structure forms a distinctive superconducting pinning potential that steers unconventional motion of superconducting vortices,thereby inducing a magnetic nonreciprocal effect,in contrast to the electric nonreciprocal effect commonly observed in superconducting diodes.Furthermore,the polarity of the magnetic nonreciprocity is in situ reversible through the tunable magnetic patterns of artificial spin ice.Our findings demonstrate that artificial spin ice not only precisely modulates superconducting characteristics but also opens the door to novel functionalities,offering a groundbreaking paradigm for superconducting electronics.

Nonreciprocal Photon Blockade Based on Zeeman Splittings Induced by a Fictitious Magnetic Field

Quantum nonreciprocity, such as nonreciprocal photon blockade, has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique applications in quantum information processing. Its implementation primarily relies on rotating nonlinear systems, based on the Sagnac effect. Here, we propose an all-optical approach to achieve nonreciprocal photon blockade in an on-chip microring resonator coupled to a V-type Rb atom, which arises from the Zeeman splittings of the atomic hyperfine sublevels induced by the fictitious magnetic field of a circularly polarized control laser. The system manifests single-photon blockade or multi-photon tunneling when driven from opposite directions. This nonreciprocity results from the directional detunings between the countercirculating probe fields and the V-type atom, which does not require the mechanical rotation and facilitates integration. Our work opens up a new route to achieve on-chip integrable quantum nonreciprocity, enabling applications in chiral quantum technologies.

Reversible Optical Isolators and Quasi-Circulators Using a Magneto-Optical Fabry-Pérot Cavity

Nonreciprocal optical devices are essential for laser protection,modern optical communication and quantum information processing by enforcing one-way light propagation.The conventional Faraday magneto-optical nonreciprocal devices rely on a strong magnetic field,which is provided by a permanent magnet.As a result,the isolation direction of such devices is fixed and severely restricts their applications in quantum networks.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous one-way transmission and unidirectional reflection by using a magneto-optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and a magnetic field strength of 50 mT.An optical isolator and a three-port quasi-circulator are realized based on this nonreciprocal cavity system.The isolator achieves an isolation ratio of up to 22 dB and an averaged insertion loss down to 0.97 dB.The quasi-circulator is realized with a fidelity exceeding 99% and an overall survival probability of 89.9%,corresponding to an insertion loss of~0.46 dB.The magnetic field is provided by an electromagnetic coil,thereby allowing for reversing the light circulating path.The reversible quasi-circulator paves the way for building reconfigurable quantum networks.

Reciprocity Relation between Alternative Gravity Formulas

We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.

Inverse Electromagnetic Scattering by a Penetrable Chiral Object

We consider the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem of determining the shape of a perfectly conducting core inside a penetrable chiral body. We prove the well-posedness of the corresponding direct scattering problem by the variational method. We focus on a uniqueness result for the inverse scattering problem that is under what conditions an obstacle can be identified by the knowledge of the electric far-field pattern corresponding to all time-harmonic incident planes waves with a fixed wave number. To this end, we establish a chiral mixed reciprocity relation that connects the electric far-field pattern of a spherical wave with the scattered field of a plane wave.

Relaxed Stability Criteria for Delayed Generalized Neural Networks via a Novel Reciprocally Convex Combination

Dear Editor,This letter examines the stability issue of generalized neural networks(GNNs) with time-varying delay based on a novel reciprocally convex combination(RCC). By considering a new matrix polynomial, the proposed novel reciprocally convex method leads to a tight bound for integral inequality combination and encompasses several existing approaches as special cases.

Relaxed Stability Criteria for Time-Delay Systems:A Novel Quadratic Function Convex Approximation Approach

This paper develops a quadratic function convex approximation approach to deal with the negative definite problem of the quadratic function induced by stability analysis of linear systems with time-varying delays.By introducing two adjustable parameters and two free variables,a novel convex function greater than or equal to the quadratic function is constructed,regardless of the sign of the coefficient in the quadratic term.The developed lemma can also be degenerated into the existing quadratic function negative-determination(QFND)lemma and relaxed QFND lemma respectively,by setting two adjustable parameters and two free variables as some particular values.Moreover,for a linear system with time-varying delays,a relaxed stability criterion is established via our developed lemma,together with the quivalent reciprocal combination technique and the Bessel-Legendre inequality.As a result,the conservatism can be reduced via the proposed approach in the context of constructing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals for the stability analysis of linear time-varying delay systems.Finally,the superiority of our results is illustrated through three numerical examples.

Bidirectional rotating direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator with self-adaptive mechanical switching for harvesting reciprocating motion

Amid the growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as novel energy-harvesting devices,several studies have focused on direct current(DC)TENGs to generate a stable DC output for operating electronic devices.However,owing to the working mechanisms of conventional DC TENGs,generating a stable DC output from reciprocating motion remains a challenge.Accordingly,we propose a bidirectional rotating DC TENG(BiR-TENG),which can generate DC outputs,regardless of the direction of rotation,from reciprocating motions.The distinct design of the BiR-TENG enables the mechanical rectification of the alternating current output into a rotational-direction-dependent DC output.Furthermore,it allows the conversion of the rotational-direction-dependent DC output into a unidirectional DC output by adapting the configurations depending on the rotational direction.Owing to these tailored design strategies and subsequent optimizations,the BiR-TENG could generate an effective unidirectional DC output.Applications of the BiR-TENG for the reciprocating motions of swinging doors and waves were demonstrated by harnessing this output.This study demonstrates the potential of the BiR-TENG design strategy as an effective and versatile solution for energy harvesting from reciprocating motions,highlighting the suitability of DC outputs as an energy source for electronic devices.

Optimal interval for delayed retrieval surgery with reciprocating morcellators after enucleation of giant prostatic hyperplasia in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate

Objective:The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of reciprocating morcellation for removing giant benign prostatic hyperplasia during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate,investigate whether performing morcellation as a two-stage procedure improves tissue retrieval efficiency,and seek to determine the optimal interval between the two surgeries.Methods:This study included nine cases of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with an enucleated prostate weight exceeding 200 g,indicative of substantial prostate enlargement.Morcellation was performed on Day 0(n=4),Day 4(n=1),Day 6(n=1),and Day 7(n=3).The intervals were compared regarding the morcellation efficiency,beach ball presence,and pathology.Results:The mean estimated prostate volume was 383(range 330e528)mL;the median enucleation weight was 252(interquartile range[IQR]222,342)g;and the median enucleation time was 83(IQR 62,100)min.The mean morcellation efficiency was 1.44(SD 0.55)g/min on Day 0 and 13.69(SD 2.46)g/min on day 7.The morcellation efficiency was 4.15 g/min and 10.50 g/min on Day 4 and Day 6,respectively,with significantly higher in the two-stage group compared to one-stage group(11.0 g/min vs.1.5 g/min;p=0.014).Efficiency was strongly correlated with intervals(p<0.001);the incidences of beach balls were 100%(4/4)and 60%(3/5)in the immediate and two-stage surgery groups,respectively.Conclusion:The efficiency of two-stage morcellation with reciprocating morcellators was highly related to the postoperative interval,with the maximum efficiency reached on Day 7.

Reciprocal Distance Laplacian Eigenvalue Distribution Based on Graph Parameters

Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I in terms of various structuralparameters of the graph G,including vertex-connectivity,independence number and pendant vertices.

2种机用镍钛器械在乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床效果观察

目的探讨Reciproc机用镍钛器械和Protaper机用镍钛器械在乳磨牙根管治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选取2020年1月—2021年1月甘肃中医药大学附属医院口腔科就诊的乳牙牙髓病患儿50例,分别用Reciproc镍钛器械(RE组)和Protaper镍钛器械(PT组)进行根管治疗。分别记录2组的根管预备时间、诊间疼痛评估值和术后X线片检查充填效果。所有的根管治疗操作均为同一医生进行。结果平均每根根管预备时间RE组为(3.70±1.19)min,PT组为(5.43±1.16)min,RE组的预备时间短于PT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组约诊间痛评分和根管充填效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论机用镍钛器械Protaper和Reciproc在乳牙根管治疗时具有预备时间短、诊间疼痛反应低、充填效果佳的优点,其中Reciproc在治疗操作时间方面优于Protaper。

Electromagnetic scattering from two parallel 2D targets arbitrarily located in a Gaussian beam

In this paper based on the equivalence principle and the reciprocity theorem, the scattered field up to second-order by two parallel 2D targets arbitrarily located in a Gaussian beam is considered. The first-order solution can easily be obtained by calculating the scattered field from isolated targets when illuminated by a Gaussian beam. However, because of the difficulty in formulating the couple scattering field, it is almost impossible to find an analytical solution for the second-order scattered field if the shapes of 2D targets are not canonical geometries. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, the second-order solution is derived by using the technique based on the reciprocity theorem and the equivalence principle. Meanwhile, the relation between the secondary scattered field from target #1 and target #2 is obtained. Specifically, the bi- and mono-static scattering of Gaussian beam by two parallel adjacent inhomogeneous plasma-coated conducting circular cylinders is calculated and the dependence of attenuation of the scattering width on the thickness of the coated layer, electron number density, collision frequency and radar frequency is discussed in detail.

Modeling of bistatic scattering from an underwater non-penetrable target using a Kirchhoff approximation method

A numerical triangulation and transformation into the time domain of a Kirchhoff approximation(KA)method is proposed for the modeling of bistatic scattering from an underwater non-penetrable target.The time domain solution in this approximation can be split up into two parts:the solution of reflected field,contributing around the specular direction,and the solution of shadow radiation,contributing around the forward direction.An average solution in the time domain satisfying the reciprocity principle is presented.The solution is expressed in terms of non-singular functions.The proposed method is validated against a normal mode method for bistatic scattering from a rigid sphere.Moreover,the reflected and shadow highlights on the surface of the sphere are shown to verify the integration surface of the reflected field and shadow radiation.It is also tested against a finite element method and an experiment involving a scaled Benchmark Target Strength Simulation Submarine model.The time-angle bistatic spectra for the model are evaluated by the direct and transformed average solutions of KA,and the former accelerates its speed of calculation.The results are good,and show that this method can be used to predict the bistatic scattered field of a non-penetrable target.

Solution of scattering from rough surface with a 2D target above it by a hybrid method based on the reciprocity theorem and the forward-backward method

This paper proposes a hybrid method based on the forward-backward method （FBM） and the reciprocity theorem （RT） for evaluating the scattering field from dielectric rough surface with a 2D target above it. Here, the equivalent electric/magnetic current densities on the rough surface as well as the scattering field from it are numerically calculated by FBM, and the scattered field from the isolated target is obtained utilizing the method of moments （MOM）. Meanwhile, the rescattered coupling interactions between the target and the surface are evaluated employing the combination of FBM and RT. Our hybrid method is first validated by available MOM results. Then, the functional dependences of bistatic and monostatic scattering from the target above rough surface upon the target altitude, incident and scattering angles are numerically simulated and discussed. This study presents a numerical description for the scattering mechanism associated with rescattered coupling interactions between a target and an underlying randomly rough surface.

Uniqueness,reciprocity theorem,and plane waves in thermoelastic diffusion with a fractional order derivative

In this work, a theory of thermoelasticity with diffusion is taken into consideration by using the methodology of fractional calculus. The governing equations for particle motion in a homogeneous anisotropic fractional order generalized thermoelastic diffusive medium are presented. Uniqueness and reciprocity theorems are proved. The plane wave propagation in the homogeneous transversely isotropic thermoelastic diffusive medium with fractional order derivative is studied. For the two-dimensional problem, there exist a quasi-longitudinal wave, a quasi-transverse wave, a quasi-mass diffusion wave, and a quasi-thermal wave. From the obtained results, the different characteristics of waves, like phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss, and penetration depth, are computed numerically and presented graphically. Some special cases are also discussed.

Motion State Analysis and Seal Ability Study on the Magnetic Fluid Seal of Reciprocating Shaft

The authors have studied the motion mechanism of the magnetic fluid in a reciprocating seal gap,on the basis of which the authors obtain an anti pressure formula of the reciprocating shaft magnetic fluid seal from general Navier Stokes equation.In order to verify the correctness of the anti pressure formula,the authors have calculated the magnetic field distribution of seal structure and have gotten the maximum still anti pressure.Finally,the authors have verified the influence of speed and stroke on the seal anti pressure.

Genetic dissection of climacteric fruit ripening in a melon population segregating for ripening behavior

Melon is as an alternative model to understand fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties within the same species,allowing the study of the processes that regulate this complex trait with genetic approaches.We phenotyped a population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs),obtained by crossing a climacteric(Védrantais,cantalupensis type)and a non-climcteric variety(Piel de Sapo T111,inodorus type),for traits related to climacteric maturation and ethylene production.Individuals in the RIL population exhibited various combinations of phenotypes that differed in the amount of ethylene produced,the early onset of ethylene production,and other phenotypes associated with ripening.We characterized a major QTL on chromosome 8,ETHQV8.1,which is sufficient to activate climacteric ripening,and other minor QTLs that may modulate the climacteric response.The ETHQV8.1 allele was validated by using two reciprocal introgression line populations generated by crossing Védrantais and Piel de Sapo and analyzing the ETHQV8.1 region in each of the genetic backgrounds.A Genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 211 accessions of the ssp.melo further identified two regions on chromosome 8 associated with the production of aromas,one of these regions overlapping with the 154.1 kb interval containing ETHQV8.1.The ETHQV8.1 region contains several candidate genes that may be related to fruit ripening.This work sheds light into the regulation mechanisms of a complex trait such as fruit ripening.

DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY WITH BODY FORCE

Combining Dual Reciprocity Method （DRM） with Hybrid Boundary Node Method （HBNM）, the Dual Reciprocity Hybrid Boundary Node Method （DRHBNM） is developed for three-dimensional linear elasticity problems with body force. This method can be used to solve the elasticity problems with body force without domain integral, which is inevitable by HBNM. To demonstrate the versatility and the fast convergence of this method, some numerical examples of 3-D elasticity problems with body forces are examined. The computational results show that the present method is effective and can be widely applied in solving practical engineering problems.

Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Bennett's Linkage

Bennett's linkage is a spatial fourlink linkage,and has an extensive application prospect in the deployable linkages.Its kinematic and dynamic characteristics analysis has a great significance in its synthesis and application. According to the geometrical conditions of Bennett 's linkage,the motion equations are established,and the expressions of angular displacement,angular velocity and angular acceleration of the followers and the displacement,velocity and acceleration of mass center of link are shown. Based on Lagrange's equation,the multi-rigid-body dynamic model of Bennett's linkage is established. In order to solve the reaction forces and moments of joint,screw theory and reciprocal screw method are combined to establish the computing method.The number of equations and unknown reaction forces and moments of joint are equal through adding link deformation equations. The influence of the included angle of adjacent axes on Bennett 's linkage 's kinematic characteristics,the dynamic characteristics and the reaction forces and moments of joint are analyzed.Results show that the included angle of adjacent axes has a great effect on velocity,acceleration,the reaction forces and moments of Bennett's linkage. The change of reaction forces and moments of joint are apparent near the singularity configuration.

Synergistic inhibition of MEK and reciprocal feedback networks for targeted intervention in malignancy

The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway(MAPK signaling pathway) plays a significant role in multiple pathological behaviors and is most frequently dysregulated in more than 30% of human cancers.As key elements in this pathway, MEK1/2 play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis, which makes their inhibition an attractive antitumor strategy.Dozens of potent non-ATP-competitive allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitors have been developed that have produced substantial improvement in clinical outcomes over the past decade.However, the efficacy of these agents is limited, and response rates are variable in a wide range of tumors that harbor RAS and RAF mutations due to the development of resistance, which is derived mainly from the persistence of MAPK signaling and increased activation of the mutual feedback networks.Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors necessitates the synergistic targeting of both pathways to restore the therapeutic effects of a single agent.In this review, the significant role of the MAPK pathway in carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential are comprehensively examined with a focus on MEK inhibitors.Then, the activation of feedback networks accompanying MEK inhibition is briefly reviewed.Combination strategies that involve the simultaneous inhibition of the original and resistance pathways are highlighted and elaborately described on the basis of the latest research progress.Finally, the obstacles to the development of MEK-related combination systems are discussed in order to lay the groundwork for their clinical application as frontline treatments for individual patients with MAPK-hyperactivated malignancies.