Rewriting:“改写”还是“重写”——兼评对勒菲弗尔理论的相关误读

翻译理论家和比较文学学者安德烈·勒菲弗尔提出的"rewriting"一直有两种中文译文:"改写"和"重写"。对"rewriting"提出的学术背景和思想来源的分析表明,勒菲弗尔的理论深受俄国形式主义、接受美学思想和马克思主义文学批评理论的影响。结合对"rewriting"概念演进过程的追根溯源及相关的词源学辨析,"重写"这个译文被认为更能涵盖勒菲弗尔理论中涉及到的各种研究对象,更能体现勒菲弗尔思想中挑战作者中心论和原本中心论范式的本质,并能赋予"rewriting"更普遍的哲学内涵。同时,由"rewriting"译文的不确定导致的对勒菲弗尔理论的相关误读也可得以澄清。

An Analysis of Subtitling through Andre Lefevere's Rewriting Theory:A Case Study on English and Two Chinese Translations of The Last Emperor

This paper will try to apply Andre Lefevere's rewriting theory to study subtitling.Through the analysis of The Last Emperor and its two Chinese translations,we will explore how ideology manipulates subtitle translation.

Rewriting and the Original Work——An analysis of the adapted version of Outlaws of the Marsh

Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try to give some inspiration on translation practice.

Increasing the rewriting speed of optical rewritable e-paper by selecting proper liquid crystals

The effect of interaction between liquid crystal （LC） and photoalignment material on the speed of optical rewriting process is investigated. The theoretical analysis shows that a smaller frank elastic constant K22 of liquid crystal corresponds to a larger twist angle, which gives rise to a larger rewriting speed. Six different LC cells with the same boundary conditions （one substrate is covered with rubbed polyimide （PI） and the other with photo sensitive rewritable sulfuric dye I（SD1）） are tested experimentally under the same illumination intensity （450 nm, 80 mW/cm2）. The results demonstrate that with a suitable liquid crystal, the LC optical rewriting speed for e-paper application can be obviously improved. For two well known LC materials E7 （K22 is larger） and 5CB （K22 is smaller）, they require 11 s and 6 s corresponding to change alignment direction for generating image information.

A Study of Ezra Pound's Cathay from the Perspective of Rewriting Theory

Ezra Pound, not only a prominent poet but also a translator, published Cathay, which is translation of 19 classic Chinese poems on the basis of Fenollosa's notes. Since its publication, it receives warm welcome from western readers but dispute also exists due to some mistranslations. This paper aims to use rewriting theory to evaluate this work from a fresh perspective.Rewriting theory, which was proposed by Andre Lefevere, asserts that ideology, poetics and patronage would exert influence on translation. With analysis of the original work, notes of Fenollosa, it can be concluded that Cathay is under the manipulation of ideology and poetics of Pound's era. With regard to ideology, The World WarⅠinfluences the subject Pound chose and the methods he used. On the part of poetics, Pound launched Imagism Movement against the dominant Victorian poetics. Direct images,concise language and free verse are embedded in Cathay.

A Study of Evan King's Rickshaw Boy——from the Perspective of Ideology Under the Rewriting Theory

Translation is deemed negotiation between cultures by cultural school in the West.Disparity in status makes equality in cross-culture exchange unreachable.Rewriting theory initiated by Lefevere is symbolic of cultural studies,advocating translation as rewriting under the constraints of ideology,patronage and poetics.Evan King employed domestication when rendering Luotuo Xiangzi,and his translation is far from faithful due to rewritings.In terms of cross-cultural exchange and reproduction of SL culture,Rickshaw Boy is not much of a success.

Active XML Document Rewriting Based on Tree Automata Theory

The problem of document rewriting is a fundamental problem in active XML（AXML） data exchange and usually has a higher complexity. Prior work was focused on string automaton theory. This paper tries to solve it by using tree automaton. More precisely, the paper firstly defines a new tree automaton, active XML tree automaton （AXTA）, which can efficiently represent the set of AXML documents produced by an AXML document or AXML document schema. And then, an algorithm for constructing AXTA automaton is also proposed. Finally, a polynomial time（PTIME） determining algorithm for AXML document rewriting is presented based on AXTA automaton.

An Efficient Query Rewriting Approach for Web Cached Data Management

With the internet development, querying data on the Web is an attention problem of involving information from distributed, and often dynamically, related Web sources. Basically, some subqueries can be effectively cached from previous queries or materialized views in order to achieve a better query performance based on the notion of rewriting queries. In this paper, we propose a novel query-rewriting model, called Hierarchical Query Tree, for representing Web queries. Hierarchical Query Tree is a labeled tree that is suit able for representing the inherent hierarchy feature of data on the Web. Based on Hierarchical Query Tree, we use case based approach to determine what the query results should be. The definitions of queries and query results are both re presented as labeled trees. Thus, we can use the same model for representing cases and the medium query results can also be dynamically updated by the user queries. We show that our case-based method can be used to answer a new query based on the combination of previous queries, including changes of requirements and various information sources.

The Design and Implementation of a Program Development System Based on Rewriting Method

This paper presents a program development system based on rewriting techniques. An introduction to an earlier version of the system without the verification system can be found in [1]. This paper focuses on the verification subsystem which is designed to prove the correctness of the optimization rules and test equations in programs and specifications, hence to further guarantee the soundness of the program development process. The main technique employed in the verification subsystem is rewriting induction featured with batch proof method and witnessed test sets.

Cognitive Translation of Paintings of Lijiang Painting School Under the Guidance of Rewriting Theory

It is an important task to communicate Chinese culture with other countries in the more conflicting global world.Lijiang Painting School plays a very important part in Chinese art,and it greatly influences the painters of various periods in China.In this context,some representative paintings of Lijiang Painting School in different periods were collected in this paper as the research objects.The rewriting theory was applied in the study because Chinese readers and English readers have different cultural backgrounds and diverse thinking.Based on the rewriting theory,these representative paintings were translated and the explained in English.In the study,it is found that as an intersemiotic translation,the translation of the representative paintings of Lijiang Painting School should be focused on those target readers who can’t comprehend directly from the paintings.In addition,the artistic integrity should be considered first before details in paintings.Therefore,the overall perception of target readers gaining from the translations should be paid more attention to rather than metaphrase.The translation under the guidance of rewriting theory will be helpful for the target readers to understand the connotation of source culture with some cultural images of target readers.

A Study on the Strategies and Influencing Factors of the Subtitle Translation of the Film Mulan from the Perspective of the Rewriting Theory

As globalization and the film market develop rapidly, subtitle translation is getting more attention. Since the rewriting theory was put forward, it has been widely studied and effectively applied in translation practice. Taking Lefevere’s rewriting theory asits theoretical basis and the Chinese subtitle translation of the Disney film Mulan as its corpus, this thesis adopts a qualitative research method to analyze the rewriting phenomenon in subtitle translation. The thesis attempts to sum up the strategies adopted bythe translator in the rewriting, as well as the factors affecting and manipulating the rewriting. The study demonstrates that the translator’s rewriting behavior has been manipulated by both ideology and poetics. The translator has adopted Chinese idioms and folkadages, highlighted the traditional Chinese culture and used alternative words to rewrite, all of which helps to transcend the ideological differences and cater to the needs of the Chinese audience.

＂Historical Rewriting＂ and ＂Alternative Fairy Tales＂ in Contemporary Vietnamese Prose： Intertextuality or Incredulity Towards Grand Narratives

At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, Vietnamese literature witnessed unprecedented innovations in the aesthetic thinking of writers and the narrative structure of their works. One of the most interesting manifestations of this new movement was not merely the introduction of new aesthetic materials and factors, but the adoption and positive ＂reprocessing＂ of traditional factors---especially historical factors and folk narrative factors. Based on intertextual theory, we would like to address the strong penetration, reproduction, and transformation of some folk storytelling models and historical materials in Vietnamese literature since 1986. Two corresponding phenomena we examine are ＂historical rewriting＂ and ＂alternative fairy tales＂--as part of the whole process of incredulity towards grand narratives and postmodernism in the contemporary Vietnamese prose.

The Application of Rewriting in Cultural Transfer

In the context of globalization,cultural exchange is frequently conducted between countries in translating activities.Comparing with linguistic transfer,cultural transfer is frequented applied as to achieve communicative equivalence.Studies of rewriting applied as a method of cultural translation from Chinese to English are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China.Exclusive research on the methods for cultural translation is still uncompleted.In the last decade,when comes to cultural elements in translation,methods as restoring sounds,adding extra explanation,or detecting equivalent concepts have been mostly discussed,but rewriting is rarely involved in it.This thesis reviews previous definitions for rewriting or adaptation;analyses the difference between linguistic transfer and cultural transfer,and why rewriting is adopted as an effective method for cultural translation;the application of rewriting will break up the dominance of occidental culture in the world while make oriental culture become influential in the western world.

An Analysis of the Translations of The Happy Prince And Other Tales from the Perspective of Lefevere's Rewriting Theory

More and more translators and scholars are focusing their attention on Levefere's Rewriting Theory for it provides method to explain translation phenomenon in broader social culture context. This paper attempts to analyze the influence of ideology on the translations of Oscar Wilde's The Happy Prince.

Integrity Constraint Validation in DL-LiteR Based Ontology Using Rewriting

With the rapid development of information technology,semantic web data present features of massiveness and complexity.As the data-centric science,social computing have great influence in collecting and analyzing semantic data.In our contribution,we propose an integrity constraint validation for DL-LiteR based ontology in view of data correctness issue in the progress of social computing applications.Firstly,at the basis of translations from integrity constraint axioms into a set of conjunctive queries,integrity constraint validation is converted into the conjunctive query answering over knowledge bases.Moreover,rewriting rules are used for reformulating the integrity constraint axioms using standard axioms.On this account,the integrity constraint validation can be reduced to the query evaluation over the ABox,and use query mechanisms in database management systems to optimize integrity constraint validation.Finally,the experimental result shows that the rewritingbased method greatly improves the efficiency of integrity constraint validation and is more appropriate to scalable data in the semantic web.

Entertainment-Oriented Rewriting in the Subtitle Translation of Kung Fu Panda

With the popularity of foreign films, there's a trend of entertainment-oriented rewriting in subtitle translation, which has won praise from the public. Based on Lefever's rewriting theory, and with the subtitle translation of Kung Fu Panda, the paper discusses the entertainment-oriented rewriting in the subtitle translation of the film, and analyzes the influence exerted by the patronage、ideology and poetics.

Restructuring and Rewriting:Two Justified C-E Translation Tactics for Publicity Materials about Chinese Cities

The objective of this paper is to illustrate the target-reader-oriented translation strategy for publicity materials about Chinese cities. Under the guidance of functionalism, it is proved that a great variety of translation tactics, restructuring and rewriting in particular, should be adopted to make the target text of publicity materials acceptable to the addressees.

重写艺术史:从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始

作为一门学科,“艺术史”首先产生于欧洲,其艺术史观念与写作范式一直存在着根深蒂固的“西方中心主义”色彩。随着西方学术话语的全球化扩张,西方中心主义作为“艺术史书写的话语幽灵”一直或明或暗地支配着世界各国的艺术史书写。无论是“艺术史”“欧洲艺术史”“世界艺术史”还是“全球艺术史”,艺术史书写术语的翻新固然体现了世界各国艺术史学者对“人类艺术通史”书写的憧憬与努力,但并没有改变现有艺术史书写作为西方中心主义话语实践的客观事实。从“不完整的艺术史”“不平等的艺术史”到“不真实的艺术史”,西方中心主义话语幽灵让东方艺术反复辗转于“缺席的东方”“替补的东方”和“易容的东方”三种大同小异的失语状态。要完成世界艺术史的重写与重构,必须从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始。

重写文明史:建构中国自主知识体系的底座

中国自古便有完整的哲学体系、文论体系、史学体系、艺术体系、教育体系、医学体系、科学技术体系以及其他各个学科的自主知识体系。然而,中国原有的自主知识体系在现当代基本上不被承认。这一问题的根源在文明观,文明观是基础,是自主知识体系的底座。近现代以来支撑各学科知识生产的标准、内涵、体系都建立在西方文明的底座上。文明底座是西方的,所构建的知识体系也就必然唯西是从,直接导致了对中国文明的贬低,对中国知识体系的全盘否定,形成了中国自主知识体系整体性的垮塌,走上了自毁长城之歧途。建构中国自主知识体系,首先要“重塑文明观”,重塑文明观则必须“重写文明史”,再从文明底座上建构哲学、史学、医学、科学技术等各个学科的自主知识体系,重获各学科知识体系本来的“话语权”,向世界呈现“理论中的中国”“创新中的中国”“文明中的中国”,建构自立自强的中国自主知识体系。

莎士比亚十四行诗在中国的接受

莎士比亚十四行诗在中国深受喜爱,诸如屠岸、梁宗岱等诗人译者,甚至终其一生,致力于十四行诗的翻译。十四行诗的翻译涉及跨文化理解。在诗歌形式上,莎氏十四行诗有两种汉译形式,即古体诗和白话诗。虽然两种形式各有优劣,但整体而言,白话诗形式已成主要翻译趋势。在过去一世纪的时间里,十四行诗这一诗歌形式已经成功中国化,中国十四行诗主要得益于对西方十四行诗作品的阅读与翻译,包括莎士比亚和弥尔顿的作品。其中,莎士比亚对中国现当代诗歌的内容和形式产生了深厚的影响。本文梳理莎氏十四行诗在中国的接受史,包括阅读、翻译和改写等方面,并辅以具体例证,说明莎士比亚如何影响了中国现代诗歌,成为文化交流和文明互鉴的典型案例。