Study of recombinant human interleukin-12 for treatment of complications after radiotherapy for tumor patients

AIM To evaluate the treatment effects of recombinant human interleukin-12(rh IL-12) on radiotherapy complications, such as severe myelosuppression or pancytopenia, the decline or imbalance of immune function, etc.METHODS The patients received high-dose and short-course precise radiotherapy, such as Cyber knife and image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT), which can cause myelosuppression or pancytopenia and immune function decline within a short time. One-hundred subjects were enrolled in the study, and 50 were randomized to a treatment group which used rh IL-12 and 50 were randomized to a control group which used symptomatic and supportive therapy after radiotherapy. The 50 subjects in the treatment group were further divided into five subgroups and intervenedwith rh IL-12 at a dose of 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 ng/kg respectively. The dose-effect relationship was observed. RESULTS Rh IL-12 significantly attenuated the decrease of peripheral blood cells in the treatment group, and immune function was improved after treatment. Due to the different radiation doses, there was a fluctuation within 12 h after treatment but mostly showing an increasing trend. As to the clinical manifestations, 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed low fever after administration, 1 patient in the 200 ng/kg subgroup and 2 patients in the 250 ng/kg subgroup showed mild impairment of liver function during the observation period.CONCLUSION Rh IL-12 has effective therapeutic and protective effects on complications following radiotherapy, such as the decline of blood cells, myelosuppression and the decline or imbalance of immune function, which indicated good prospects for development and application.

Recombinant human interleukin-11 for treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 （rhIL-11） for the chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods： It was an opened and non-randomized controlled clinical study. When the platelet counts was under 75 × 10^9/L after chemotherapy, rhlL-11 was administered 25 μg/（kg·d） as a daily SC injection last for 7-14 days, or discontinued when platelet counts 〉 100 × 10^9/L. Results： Seventysix patients were enrolled into this study. The treatment group and the control group had thirty-eight cases, respectively. The mean recovery time to PLT ≥ 100 × 10^9/L was 8.1 days in treatment group, while in control group was 12.2 days （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, the mean recovery time from PLT 〈_ 50 × 10^9/L to 〉 100 × 10^9/L was 8.9 days in treatment group, while in control group was 12.9 days （P 〈 0.05）. There was a statistical difference between the two groups. Major side effects included edema, fever, articular muscle soreness, but they were all mild and well tolerable. Conclusion： rhIL-11 can be safely and effectively used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Neuronal changes in the retinal ganglion cell layer following recombinant human interleukin-2 intravitreal injection in a rat model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure

Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human interleukin-2（rhIL-2）inhibits neuronal apoptosis in the chronic ocular hypertension retinal ganglion cell layer.Intravitreous injection was performed on retinal ganglion cells in a Wistar rat model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure to observe the effects of LY294002 and AG490 on retinal ganglion cell survival,macrophage activation,and PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT activation.The number of retinal ganglion cells in the rhIL-2 treatment group was much greater than in the normal control and phosphate-buffered saline groups.Western blot analysis revealed low Akt and STAT3 protein expression in the retina after 3-hour intravitreous injections of rhIL-2.However,protein expression was increased at 12 hours,but decreased again at 24 hours,with very low expression at 96 hours.LY294002 and AG490,which are inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT3 signal pathways,prevented upregulation of Akt and STAT3 protein expression in the retina,respectively.Intravitreous injection of rhIL-2 exhibited neuroprotective effects by decreasing retinal ganglion cell layer damage in a rat model of chronic glaucoma.These results suggest that intravitreal injection of rhIL-2 could induce the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways to protect retinal ganglion cells in chronically elevated intraocular pressure models.

Epidermal growth factor receptor antibody plus recombinant human endostatin in treatment of hepatic metastases after remnant gastric cancer resection

We report a 55-year-old male who developed advanced hepatic metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis after resection of remnant gastric cancer resection 3 mo ago. The patient only received epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor antibody (Cetuximab) plus recombinant human endostatin (Endostar). Anti-tumor activity was assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) at baseline and then every 4 wk. The case illustrates that 18FDG-PET/CT could make an early prediction of the response to Cetuximab plus Endostar in such clinical situations. 18FDG-PET/CT is a useful molecular imaging modality to evaluate the biological response advanced hepatic metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis to Cetuximab plus Endostar in patients after remnant gastric cancer resection.

Intratracheal administration of recombinant adenovirus containing IL-18 gene in treatment of experimental metastatic lung carcinoma

Objective: To study the treatment of experimental metastatic lung carcinoma by intratracheal injection of IL-l8 gene recombinant adenovirus. Methods: (1)The mouse IL-18 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the concentration of IL-18 and associated cytokines in lung lavages and blood were determined by ELISA at different time points after intratracheal injection of IL-18 recombinant adenovirus. (2)The lung metastasis nodes, mouse survival periods and survival rates were evaluated. NK activity and CTL activity were determined by 51Cr 4 h release method. Results: (1) IL-18 mRNA was detectable in lung tissue 6 h after intratracheal use of IL-18 recombinant adenovirus. and the concentration of IL-18 in lung lavage was higher than that in peripheral blood. Neither IL-18 mRNA nor IL-18 was detectable in control group. (2) Intratracheal use of IL-18 recombinant adenovirus resulted in increased CTL and NK activity, longer survival time and higher survival rates compared with the control group, showing significant therapeutic effect on expermental lung metastasis. Conclusion: Intratracheal use of adenovirus vector containing IL- 18 gene has therapeutic effect on the lung metastasis, denoting that gene therapy of lung diseases could be applied through airway directly with recombinant adenovirus.

A preliminary study on the cloning and expression of human papiilomavirus type 18 E6 gene in Escherichia coli

We have cloned the E6 gene of human papillomavirus type 18 into anexpression plasmid pBD2.One of the recombinant plasmids (named pDV11) wasidentified by DNA analysis and protein product analysis.It could express a newprotein whose molecular weight correspods well with the expected one.Afterpurification,the expressed protein showed a positive result in countercurrentimmuno-electrophoresis with anti-β-gal serum and was proved to be the expectedβ-gal/E6 fusion protein.The physical map of pDV11 was also prepared.

重组人白细胞介素-18的高浓度复性、纯化和活性检测

目的摸索大规模生产重组人白细胞介素 18(rhIL 18)高效简便、成本低廉的生产工艺。优化rhIL 18高浓度下最优复性、纯化方案 ,建立快速准确的活性检测方法。方法采用液相色谱和光谱学方法检测复性效率 ,筛选确定rhIL 18最优复性条件 ,再用SepheroseFFANX阴离子交换柱结合分子筛HiPrepSephacrylS 10 0进行纯化。采用3 H 掺入法检测rhIL 18产品对人外周血单个核细胞的促增殖作用 ,用流式细胞术检测其促γ 干扰素生成能力。结果建立了一套rhIL 18复性、纯化、活性检测方案。结论液相色谱和光谱学方法相结合 ,可用于检测rhIL 18的复性效率 ,流式细胞术也可用于检测rhIL 18的生物活性。

pQE32-HPV18 L1重组质粒的构建及鉴定

目的 构建重组原核表达质粒获得HPV1 8L1活性蛋白 ,为进一步研制HPV1 8基因工程疫苗打下基础。方法 以重组质粒pBR32 2 HPV1 8为模板 ,利用PCR方法扩增HPV1 8L1DNA片段 ,将HPV1 8L1DNA与pUC1 9质粒重组构建pUC1 9 HPV1 8L1重组质粒。用酶切电泳验证重组结果的正确性 ;并通过测序检查质粒重组后序列有无变化。再利用pQE32质粒做表达载体构建pQE32 HPV1 8L1重组质粒 ,并用酶切电泳验证。结果 PCR扩增DNA片段约为 1 .7Kb ,与预期结果相同。pUC1 9 HPV1 8L1克隆重组质粒酶切后显示 4 .39Kb ,酶切图谱与预期相同。测序验证插入片段全序列无改变。pQE32 HPV1 8L1表达重组质粒酶切后显示其大小约 5 .1 6Kb ,酶切图谱亦与预p期相同。结论 pQE32 HPV1

非融合型重组人白细胞介素-18的纯化及鉴定

目的 获得高纯度的重组人白细胞介素 18(rhIL 18)。方法 采用溶菌酶加超声破菌的方法抽提包涵体 ,以8mol/L尿素溶解包涵体 ,变性条件下以阴离子柱层析进行首步纯化 ,复性后再进行凝胶过滤层析。对纯化的样品进行了SDS PAGE、HPLC、N端氨基酸序列、免疫印迹及生物学活性分析。结果 rhIL 18在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在 ,所提取的包涵体中重组蛋白纯度可达到 80 %以上 ,包涵体经二步柱层析纯化后 ,HPLC分析纯度达 98%以上 ,SDS PAGE测定其分子质量约 19× 10 3 ,N端 15个氨基酸序列与预期一致 ,生物学活性分析证实纯化的rhIL 18具有诱导人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)产生IFN γ的能力。结论 所建立的纯化rhIL 18的方法简便有效 ,为开展rhIL 18的结构活性关系研究及其大规模纯化打下了良好的基础。

重组人生长激素对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠黏膜白细胞介素18含量的影响

[目的]探讨重组人生长激素对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠黏膜白细胞介素18(IL-18)的影响.[方法]将Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、梗阻性黄疸组、重组人生长激素组,每组再分为7,14d组.分别于术后7,14d采集门静脉血,取回肠末端小肠组织.采用偶氮基质显色法检测血浆内毒素水平;给小肠组织行HE染色后观察黏膜病理形态学改变;采用免疫组织化学(双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA)法及Image Pro Plus软件图像分析手段检测并判定肠黏膜IL-18含量.[结果]重组人生长激素组及梗阻性黄疸组肠黏膜损伤较假手术组明显严重(P<0.01);随梗阻时间的延长梗阻性黄疸组肠黏膜损伤呈加重趋势,不同时段间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重组人生长激素组肠黏膜损伤程度较梗阻性黄疸组明显减轻(P<0.05).重组人生长激素组及梗阻性黄疸组血浆内毒素水平明显高于假手术组,且随着梗阻时间的延长呈逐渐增高趋势(P<0.05);重组人生长激素组血浆内毒素水平较梗阻性黄疸组明显降低(P<0.05).重组人生长激素组及梗阻性黄疸组肠黏膜IL-18表达水平均明显高于假手术组(P<0.01);重组人生长激素组肠黏膜IL-18表达水平较梗阻性黄疸组显著降低(P<0.05).[结论]重组人生长激素可减少梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠黏膜IL-18的表达,可保持肠黏膜结构完整,降低血浆内毒素水平,改善肠黏膜屏障功能.

Why interleukin-10 supplementation does not work in Crohn's disease patients

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis are chronic intestina disorders, which are on the increase in "Westernised" countries. IBD can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that has been identified as being involved in several diseases including IBD. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in the promoter region reduce serum levels of IL-10 and this reduction has been associated with some forms of IBD. Mouse models have shown promising results with IL-10 supplementation, as such IL-10 supplementation has been touted as being a possible alternative treatment for CD in humans. Clinical trials have shown that recombinant human IL-10 is safe and well tolerated up to a dose o 8 μg/kg. However, to date, the results of the clinica trials have been disappointing. Although CD activity was reduced as measured by the CD activity index IL-10 supplementation did not result in significantly reduced remission rates or clinical improvements when compared to placebo. This review discusses why IL-10supplementation is not effective in CD patients currently and what can be addressed to potentially make IL-10 supplementation a more viable treatment option in the future. Based on the current research we conclude that IL-10 supplementation is not a one size fits all treatment and if the correct population of patients is chosen then IL-10 supplementation could be of benefit.

A multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of polyethylene glycol recombinant human interleukin-6 (PEG-rhIL-6) in rats

Radiation therapy has been widely applied in cancer treatment.However,it often causes thrombocytopenia (deficiency of white blood cells) as an adverse effect.Recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) has been found to be a very effective way against this thrombocytopenia,but IL-6 has low stability in blood,which reduces its efficacy.To increases the stability and half-life of rhIL-6,it was modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG).The pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of PEG-rhIL-6 labeled with 125I were examined after subcutaneous injection in rats.The pharmacokinetic pattern of PEG-rhIL-6 was defined with linear-kinetics,and we fitted a one-compartment model with half-lives of 10.44–11.37 h (absorption,t1/2Ka) and 19.77–21.53 h (elimination,t1/2Ke),and peak concentrations at 20.51–21.96 h (tpeak) in rats.Half-lives and tpeak of PEG-rhIL-6 were longer than those of rhIL-6 previously reported.In the present study,for deposition of PEG-rhIL-6 in rats,the tissue distribution examination showed that blood was the major organ involved,rather than liver.However,as to the elimination of PEG-rhIL-6,the major organ was the kidney.The excretion fraction of the injection dose recovered from urine was 23.32% at 192 h after subcutaneous administration.Less than 6% of PEG-rhIL-6 was eliminated via the feces at 192 h.These results indicate that PEG-rhIL-6 is a good candidate drug formulation for patients with cancer.

Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interleukin-3 in rhesus monkeys

Concentration-time profiles of ^(125)I-labeled recombinant human interleukin-3 (125IrhIL-3) were de-termined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RHPLC) after intravenous and subcutaneous ad-ministration of the drug in 16 rhesus monkeys. The initial and terminal T1/2 in plasma after intravenous of 30 μg/kg were (0. 15 ±0.13) and (2. 21 ± 0. 59) h, respectively. Terminal half-lives after 30, 90 and 180μg/kg subcutaneous (s.c.) injections were 2. 0-3.8 h. Area under concentration-time curves (AUC) following s. c. were roughly in-creased with dose, while CL5 were similar among different dosages. The absorption rates were dependent on concentra-tion at injected site. Bioavailability was about 0.7 after s.c. Rapid biodegradation was found in plasma. Distribution profiles of total radioactivity were as follows: the highest level was found in urinary system; levels in bile-enteric sys-tem, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen were near to that in plasma, and level in brain was the lowest. The RH-PLC analysis revealed that kidney was one of the major organs for biodegradation.

雾化吸入干扰素α2b注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎的疗效

目的观察雾化吸入重组人干扰素α2b注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎的疗效。方法选择2013年9月至2014年8月保定市第一中心医院收治的60例呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎患儿,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上,雾化吸入干扰素α2b注射液10万IU/kg,1次/天。观察治疗1周后两组患儿咳嗽、喘憋、肺部啰音等症状消失的时间,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-18(IL-18)水平的变化以及不良反应发生例数。结果治疗1周,观察组患儿咳嗽、喘憋及肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组[(4.11±0.89)d vs(5.19±1.27)、(4.01±1.17)d vs(5.22±1.35)d、(4.35±1.09)d vs(5.67±1.32)];观察组血清TNF-α、IL-18水平低于对照组[(43.33±5.65)ng/L vs(58.27±6.21)ng/L、(176.39±88.31)ng/L vs(248.25±91.78)ng/L];IL-10水平高于对照组[(19.74±6.88)ng/L vs(15.26±6.60)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿治疗总有效率(96.42%)高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组不良反应发生率为6.67%,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论雾化吸入干扰素α2b注射液治疗小儿呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎能降低患者炎症因子水平,不良反应较轻,临床疗效显著。

Bcl-2 over-expression and activation of protein kinase C suppress the Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells

Trail, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, is a novel potent endogenous activator of the cell death pathway through the activation of cell surface death receptors Trail-R1 and Trail-R2. Its role, like FasL in activation-induced cell death (AICD), has been demonstrated in immune system. However the mechanism of Trail induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this report, the recombinant Trail protein was expressed and purified. The apoptosis-inducing activity and the regulation mechanism of recombinant Trail on Jurkat T cells were explored in vitro. Trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated that the recombinant Trail protein actively killed Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells were remarkably reduced by Bcl-2 over expression in Bcl-2 gene transfected cells. Treatment with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), a PKC activator, suppressed Trail-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. The inhibition of apoptosis by PMA was abolished by pretreatment with Bis, a PKC inhibitor. Taken together, it was suggested that Bcl-2 over-expression and PMA activated PKC actively down-regulated the Trail-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cell.

Clinical Observation of rhIL-2 Combined with Zhenqi Fuzheng and BaofuKang Suppository in the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia II with HPV Infection

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) combined with Zhenqi Fuzheng and Baofukang on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II (CINII) combined with human papilloma virus infection. Methods: There were 593 patients diagnosed with CINII with HPV infection, including 296 in the control group and 297 in the experimental group. The control group was given only Zhenqi Fuzheng oral and Baofukang suppository vaginal medicine. The experimental group was treated with rhIL-2 injection in addition to Zhenqi Fuzheng oral and Baofukang suppository vaginal medicine which is treated for 3 months. After 3 months, Thinprep cytologic test (TCT), human papilloma virus (HPV) quantitative examination and colposcopy biopsy were reviewed. Results: After 3 months of treatment, the negative conversion rate and total effective rate of HPV in the control group were 58.11% and 70.95% respectively, and the negative conversion rate and total effective rate of the experimental group were 79.46% and 90.57% respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.000). The curative rate of cervical lesions was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group, 89.56%, 68.91%, respectively. The statistical difference between the two groups is significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It has an essential clinical value that HPV infection patients and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II associated with HPV infection patients are treated by rhIL-2 combined with Zhenqifuzheng and Baofukang, which is safe, effective, non-invasive, reusable advantages. However, the long-term efficacy and side effects need to be further studied.

四价重组人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(6/11/16/18型)(汉逊酵母)Ⅰ期临床研究中的免疫原性观察

目的在Ⅰ期临床研究中初步评价四价重组人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(HPV6/11/16/18型)(汉逊酵母)在18~45岁健康女性人群的免疫原性。方法单中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照,采用0、2、6月免疫程序,按照2∶1的比例随机接种实验疫苗和对照疫苗(实验组:60人,安慰剂组:30人)并采集受试者0 d、180 d及210 d血清样本,检测HPV6/11/16/18型中和抗体,观察抗体阳转率和抗体水平。结果完成2剂疫苗免疫后(180 d)和全程免疫后30 d(210 d)的抗体阳转率较为接近,各型抗体阳转率均在85%~100%之间;完成全程免疫后30 d抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)较免疫前显著提高。结论本品Ⅰ期临床研究入组的18~45岁健康女性人群接种实验疫苗后产生良好的免疫应答,可检测到明显高于首剂免疫前和安慰剂对照组的抗体水平。

Gene-viral vectors: a promising way to target tumor cells and express anticancer genes simultaneously

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new kind of vector system called gene-viral vector, which combines the advantages of gene and virus therapies. METHODS: Using recombinant technology, an anti-tumor gene was inserted into the genome of replicative virus specific for tumor cells. The cell killing effect, reporter gene expression of the green fluorescence protein, anti-tumor gene expression of mouse interleukin-12 (mIL-12) and replication of virus were observed by the methods of cell pathology, fluorescence microscopy, ELISA and electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: A new kind of gene-viral vector system of adenovirus, in which the E1b-55 kD gene was deleted but the E1a gene was preserved, was constructed. The vector system, like the replicative virus ONYX-015, replicated and proliferated in tumor cells but not in normal ones. Our vector had an advantage over ONYX-015 in that it carried different kinds of anti-tumor genes to enhance its therapeutic effect. The reporter gene expression of the green fluorescence protein in tumor cells was much better than the adenovirus vector employed in conventional gene the rapy, and the expression in our vector system was as low as or even less than that in the conventional adenovirus gene therapy system. Similar results were observed in experiments with this vector system carrying the anti-tumor gene mIL-12. Replication and proliferation of the virus carrying the mIL-12 gene in tumor cells were confirmed by electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Gene-viral vectors are new vectors with an anti-tumor gene inserted into the genome of replicative virus specific for tumor cells. Because of the specific replication and proliferation of the virus in tumor cells, expression of the anti-tumor gene is increased hundreds to thousands of times. This approach takes full advantages of gene therapy and virus therapy to enhance the effect on the tumor. It overcomes the disadvantages of conventional gene therapy, such as low transfer rate, low gene expression, lack of target tropism, and low anti-tumor activity. We believe that this is a promising means for future tumor treatment.