Evaluation and Development of the Forest Ecotourism Resources on Walking Route from Pai Town to Mêdog County

Pai Town-Medog County Route is known as the first hiking route in China, which is a part of Tibet tourism product, as well as a business card of Linzhi tourism. The route is abundant with natural and human resources. In the research, quantitative and qualitative methods were integrated and scientific evaluation and analysis were made on tourism resources along the route according to National Standard of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, with countermeasures proposed.

The status quo and prospect for the researches on network English curriculum resources

This paper summarizes and criticizes the researches on Internet English curriculum resources in China from the following 3 aspects： the characteristics and significances; the exploitation and integration; and practice and investigation. The sumarrization shows that the related researches need to be deepened theretically and empirically so as to improve and promote the practice of the curriculum resourses modern technology have brought.

Impact of Urban Expansion on Superficial Water Quality in Periurban Areas

Economic growth promoted by large investment projects in the city of Seropédica and surrounding areas is not accompanied by a territorial planning that supports future growth scenarios. The challenge of the municipality is to prepare to have its territory fully transformed. This study aimed to establish quantitative data on the interferences that the growth model practiced has caused in its main watercourse called Val?o dos Bois. For this, its morphometric characteristics and physicochemical parameters of water quality were measured, and computational simulations of the self-purification processes were performed at various points, as well as the infiltration and precipitation processes, surface flow and leaching in four occupation scenarios of the urbanized areas of the basin, for rains with five different return periods.

Lead-Bismuth and Lead as Coolants for Fast Reactors

Fast reactors used lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and lead as coolants possess very high level of inherent self-protection and passive safety against severe accident. So, population radiophobia can be overcome. That type of reactors can be simultaneously more safely and more cheaply. As all other coolants, LBE and lead coolant (LC) possess the certain virtues and shortcomings. The presented report includes the comparative analysis of characteristic properties of those coolants, their impact on reactor safety, reliability and operating characteristics. The conclusion is made about promising usage of FRs with these coolants in future NP after the experience in operating of the prototypes of such reactors has been obtained.

Weakness in Economic Development of China

China has made the miracle of rapid development in GDP in recent 20 years. However, the economic development is at the cost of environment and resources, which will decrease the speed of economic development in return. China should gradually change the guideline from simply pursuing GDP growth to harmonious development, and establish a new set of performance-evaluating system, the resource-saving responsibility system as soon as possible.

Energy-Efficient Wireless Backhaul Algorithm in Ultra-Dense Networks

Ultra-dense networks （UDNs） are expected to be applied for the fifth generation wireless system （5G） to meet the requirements of very high throughput density and connections of a massive number of users. Considering the large amount of small base stations （SBSs）, how to choose proper backhaul links is an important problem under investigation. In this paper, we propose a wireless backhaul algorithm to find an effective backhaul method for densely-deployed SBSs and to maximize energy efficiency of the system. We put forward adaptive backhaul methods of indirect and direct modes. The SBS can select the direct baekhaul which con- nects to the macro base station （MBS） directly, or the indirect backhaul which selects an idle SBS as a relay based on the backhaul channel condition. The algorithm also allocates network resources, including the power of SBSs and system bandwidth, to solve the serious interference problem in UDN. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed wireless backhaul algorithm has desired performance to achieve higher energy efficiency with required data rate.

An Interactive Fuzzy Satisficing Method for Multiobjective Stochastic Integer Programming with Simple Recourse

This paper considers multiobjective integer programming problems involving random variables in constraints. Using the concept of simple recourse, the formulated multiobjective stochastic simple recourse problems are transformed into deterministic ones. For solving transformed deterministic problems efficiently, we also introduce genetic algorithms with double strings for nonlinear integer programming problems. Taking into account vagueness of judgments of the decision maker, an interactive fuzzy satisficing method is presented. In the proposed interactive method, after determineing the fuzzy goals of the decision maker, a satisficing solution for the decision maker is derived efficiently by updating the reference membership levels of the decision maker. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.

Users' Adoptive Behavior Towards the ERP System

Generically system includes two types of categories, computerized based system and socio-technical system;the difference between both types of systems is that the socio-technical systems deals with technical operation and involves the users. Information system that deals with the flow of information regarding business and social perspective falls in socio-technical based system. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is the best example of Information system that organization adopt to make fast the business process. The ERP systems are suffering from multifaceted interface. Previous research shows that there is a need for an improvement regarding user interface because it is the way of communicate with system. As the emphasis of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) is to clearly understand the users’ philosophy, reminiscence and problems solving techniques in order to design users oriented applications. Therefore the usability engineering is the only way to study the deeds of users by getting analysis on prototype or system by offering different methods and techniques. This paper will focus on the users’ experiences in view of financial module in ERP system which is based on different sub-components. To carry this research work HCI research methods, automated explicitly survey questionnaire method and focus group were adopted to gather users understanding in order to evaluate the selected application in ERP system. This study involved group of users from various corporate level industries in textile sector. It is the extended work as in previous only two industries were selected.

A Complex Algorithm for Solving a Kind of Stochastic Programming

Considering that the probability distribution of random variables in stochastic programming usually has incomplete information due to a perfect sample data in many real applications, this paper discusses a class of two-stage stochastic programming problems modeling with maximum minimum expectation compensation criterion (MaxEMin) under the probability distribution having linear partial information (LPI). In view of the nondifferentiability of this kind of stochastic programming modeling, an improved complex algorithm is designed and analyzed. This algorithm can effectively solve the nondifferentiable stochastic programming problem under LPI through the variable polyhedron iteration. The calculation and discussion of numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Unit Commitment with Production Cost Uncertainty： A Recourse Programming Method

Many studies have considered the solution of Unit Commitment problems for the management of energy networks. In this field, earlier work addressed the problem in determinist cases and in cases dealing with demand uncertainties. In this paper, the authors develop a method to deal with uncertainties related to the cost function. Indeed, such uncertainties often occur in energy networks （waste incinerator with a priori unknown waste amounts, cogeneration plant with uncertainty of the sold electricity price...）. The corresponding optimization problems are large scale stochastic non-linear mixed integer problems. The developed solution method is a recourse based programming one. The main idea is to consider that amounts of energy to produce can be slightly adapted in real time, whereas the on/off statuses of units have to be decided very early in the management procedure. Results show that the proposed approach remains compatible with existing Unit Commitment programming methods and presents an obvious interest with reasonable computing loads.

海外可再生能源项目融资分析

随着我国能源投资国际化发展日益蓬勃,对境外有限追索权项目融资模式的探索以丰富传统海外投资模式在近年越发引起关注。卢志强先生在本文分享了他二十多年来在银行和新能源行业国内外融资的丰富经验,为我国海外投资方介绍项目融资与企业贷款的优势和方案对比、从贷方的角度分析银行对项目融资是怎么来评估以及转嫁风险、并为复杂的条款进行解读。借力外部融资除了可减少企业因负债率,更是为海外项目风险把关,确保项目更加可行和完善的。

Day-ahead Network-constrained Unit Commitment Considering Distributional Robustness and Intraday Discreteness:A Sparse Solution Approach

Quick-start generation units are critical devices and flexible resources to ensure a high penetration level of renewable energy in power systems.By considering the wind uncertainty and both binary and continuous decisions of quickstart generation units within the intraday dispatch,we develop a Wasserstein-metric-based distributionally robust optimization model for the day-ahead network-constrained unit commitment(NCUC)problem with mixed-integer recourse.We propose two feasible frameworks for solving the optimization problem.One approximates the continuous support of random wind power with a finite number of events,and the other leverages the extremal distributions instead.Both solution frameworks rely on the classic nested column-and-constraint generation(C&CG)method.It is shown that due to the sparsity of L_(1)-norm Wasserstein metric,the continuous support of wind power generation could be represented by a discrete one with a small number of events,and the rendered extremal distributions are sparse as well.With this reduction,the distributionally robust NCUC model with complicated mixed-integer recourse problems can be efficiently handled by both solution frameworks.Numerical studies are carried out,demonstrating that the model considering quick-start generation units ensures unit commitment(UC)schedules to be more robust and cost-effective,and the distributionally robust optimization method captures the wind uncertainty well in terms of out-of-sample tests.

A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth metals activation

Sewage sludge is a potential precursor for biochar production,but its effective utilization involves costly activation steps.To modify biochar properties while ensuring cost-effectiveness,we examined the feasibility of using seawater as an agent to activate biochar produced from sewage sludge.In our proof-of-concept study,seawater was proven to be an effective activation agent for biochar production,achieving a surface area of 480.3 m^(2)/g with hierarchical porosity distribution.Benefited from our design,the catalytic effect of seawater increased not only the surface area but also the graphitization degree of biochar when comparing the pyrolysis of sewage sludge without seawater.This leads to seawater activated biochar electrodes with lower resistance,higher capacitance of 113.9 F/g comparing with control groups without seawater.Leveraging the global increase in the salinity of groundwater,especially in coastal areas,these findings provide an opportunity for recovering a valuable carbon resource from sludge.

APPROXIMATE LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER ALGORITHM FOR STOCHASTIC PROGRAMS WITH COMPLETE RECOURSE:NONLINEAR DETERMINISTIC CONSTRAINTS

In this paper we design an approximation method for solving stochastic programs with com-plete recourse and nonlinear deterministic constraints. This method is obtained by combiningapproximation method and Lagrange multiplier algorithm of Bertsekas type. Thus this methodhas the advantages of both the two.