Phase Transition in Recovery Process of Complex Networks

The dynamic characteristic of complex network failure and recovery is one of the main research topics in complex networks. Real world systems such as traffic jams and Internet recovery could be described by the complex network theory. We propose a model to study the recovery process in complex networks. Two different recovery mechanisms are considered in three kinds of networks: external recovery and internal recovery. By simulating the process of the nodes recovery in networks, it is found that the system exhibits the feature of first-order phase transition only when the external recovery is considered. Internal recovery cannot induce such a kind of transitions. As external recovery and internal recovery coexist on networks, the systems will retain the most efficient part of external recovery and internal recovery. Meanwhile, a hysteresis could be observed when increasing or decreasing the failure probability. Finally; a largest degree node protection strategy is proposed for improving the robustness of networks.

Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy,the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium,is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes.These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices.In this study,we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme(before versus after;control versus impact)in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island,China,an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures.Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities.The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community.Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients:(a)taken for taxa groups;(b)estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups;and(c)estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species,providing a basis for inferring similarities.We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance.Subsequently,the reference exergy of the benthic community increased(i.e.in the surrounding control area)in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system’s development.Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results.Based on this,we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy.This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems.Moreover,the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities.We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.

Multistate Models for the Recovery Process in the Covid-19 Context:An Empirical Study of Chinese Enterprises

The Covid-19 pandemic has severely affected enterprises worldwide.It is thus of practical significance to study the process of enterprise recovery from Covid-19.However,the research on the effects of relevant determinants of business recovery is limited.This article presents a multistate modeling framework that considers the determinants,recovery time,and transition likelihood of Chinese enterprises by the state of those enterprises as a result of the pandemic(recovery state),with the help of an accelerated failure time model.Empirical data from 750 enterprises were used to evaluate the recovery process.The results indicate that the main problems facing non-manufacturing industries are supply shortages and order cancellations.With the increase of supplies and orders,the probability of transition between different recovery states gradually increases,and the recovery time of enterprises becomes shorter.For manufacturing industries,the factors that hinder recovery are more complex.The main problems are employee panic and order cancellations in the initial stage,employee shortages in the middle stage,and raw material shortages in the full recovery stage.This study can provide a reference for enterprise recovery in the current pandemic context and help policymakers and business managers take necessary measures to accelerate recovery.

The influence of desiccation on the recovery process of nitrogenase activity in restored biological soil crusts

Dear Editor,Biological soil crusts(BSCs),a layered structure formed by associations of soil organisms and topsoil,dominate arid and semiarid areas and serve important ecological functions in these areas(Eldridge and Greene,1994).Nitrogen fixation by BSCs is the main source of N in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.Desiccation is the most notable factor that influences BSCs,which recover physiological activity only after moistening.By influencing the amount of carbohydrates,

Effect of grassland mosaic structure and dynamism on the reproductive habitat suitability for Alectoris graeca in central Apennines

Over the last several decades,the Mediterranean region has been subjected to mountain abandonment and farming cessation,leading to changes in vegetation and coenological features of grasslands,contextually to the strong decline of the rock partridge(Alectoris graeca).Our hypothesis was that the ongoing dynamic processes leading to the compositional changes of grasslands in central Apennines affect the habitat suitability for the singing male(territorial male defending its reproductive site).In 2015,we defined the presence/absence of spring territorial singing males in seven sites(1,250-2,400 m a.s.l.),by the census in 74 playback stations,distributed along 15 transects.We characterized the topography and the vegetation mosaic of such sites according to the collected topographic and vegetation cover data in 59 randomly selected plots(100 m×100 m)along the transects.To understand the relations among the environmental variables and the effect of the composition and dynamism of the vegetation mosaics on the presence/absence of the singing male,we used principal components analysis and generalized linear mixed-effect modelling.Our results emphasized the marked overlap between the general environmental conditions,which proved to define the habitat suitability for A.graeca,and the characteristics of the site chosen by the singing male for starting the reproductive activities.Moreover,we found that the site suitability for the singing male decreases when the vegetation recovery processes are ongoing,because of the spread of coarse tall grassesdominated communities and/or grassland types with dense turf.Tall grass-dominated communities and thick-turf grasslands exert their negative effect decreasing the habitat suitability for the singing male starting from low cover values.Therefore,it is conceivable that singing male’s suitable habitat will be dramatically restricted to the steepest south-facing slopes,where topographic and soil conditions do not allow the spread of grasslands with dense turf and of invasive/dominant tall grasses,increasing the threat to the species due to the effect of climate change on the vegetation features.

Research on the prognostic value of adjusting intraperitoneal threedimensional quality evaluation mode in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients

BACKGROUND Benign gallbladder diseases have become a high-prevalence condition not only in China but also worldwide.The main types of benign gallbladder diseases include gallbladder polyps,acute and chronic cholecystitis,and gallstones,with gallstones being the most common,accounting for over 70%of cases.Although the mortality rate of benign gallbladder diseases is low,they carry obvious potential risks.Studies have shown that an increased incidence of benign gallbladder diseases can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and gallbladder cancer,resulting in a substantial disease burden on patients and their families.AIM To assess the medical utility of the Configuration-Procedure-Consequence(CPC)three-dimensional quality evaluation model in modulating the prognosis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.METHODS A total of 98 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from February 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the subjects.According to the random number table method,they were divided into a study group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The control group received routine perioperative care,while the study group had the addition of the CPC three-dimensional quality evaluation.The postoperative recovery-related indicators(time to first flatus,time to oral intake,time to ambulation,hospital stay),stress indicators(cortisol and adrenaline levels),distinctions in anxiety and RESULTS The time to first flatus,time to oral intake,time to ambulation,and hospital stay of the study group patients were obviously lower than those of the control group patients,with statistical significance(P<0.05).On the 1st day after admission,there were no obvious distinctions in cortisol and adrenaline levels in blood samples,as well as in the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores between the study group and the control group(P>0.05).However,on the 3rd day after surgery,the cortisol and adrenaline levels,as well as SAS and SDS scores of the study group patients,were obviously lower than those of the control group patients(P<0.05).The study group had 2 cases of incisional infection and 1 case of pulmonary infection,with a total incidence of complications of 6.12%(3/49),which was obviously lower than the 20.41%(10/49)in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementing the CPC three-dimensional quality evaluation model for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy can help accelerate their perioperative recovery process,alleviate perioperative stress symptoms,mitigate anxiety,depression,and other adverse emotions,and to some extent,reduce the incidence of perioperative complications.

Dynamic mechanical relaxation and thermal creep of high-entropy La_(30)Ce_(30)Ni_(10)Al_(20)Co_(10)bulk metallic glass

Dynamic mechanical relaxation is a fundamental tool to understand the mechanical and physical properties of viscoelastic materials like glasses.Mechanical spectroscopy shows that the high-entropy bulk metallic glass(La_(30)Ce_(30)Ni_(10)Al_(20)Co_(10))exhibits a distinctβ-relaxation feature.In the present research,dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal creep were performed using this bulk metallic glass material at a temperature domain around theβrelaxation.The components of total strain,including ideal elastic strain,anelastic strain,and viscous-plastic strain,were analyzed based on the model of shear transformation zones(STZs).The stochastic activation of STZ contributes to the anelastic strain.When the temperature or external stress is high enough or the timescale is long enough,the interaction between STZs induces viscous-plastic strain.When all the spectrum of STZs is activated,the quasi-steady-state creep is achieved.

Local Volunteerism and Resilience Following Large-Scale Disaster: Outcomes for Health Support Team Volunteers in Haiti

In-depth interviews with local Haitian volunteers trained in a psychological disaster recovery program called Health Support Team(HST) provide insight into the psychosocial outcomes resulting from their engagement with the program. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four male Haitian participants who had survived the January 2010 Haiti earthquake and had worked as HST volunteers for at least 6 months. Interviews were analyzed using narrative inquiry analysis, which allows individuals to discover and disclose a deeper meaning in their experience and enables the researchers to access more detailed data. Previous research supports the claim that volunteerism provides many important psychological benefits, and the results of the present study suggest that among survivors of large-scale disasters, volunteerism is beneficial as a means of increasing psychological resilience and facilitating personal recovery. Results and themes of our analysis included a reported increase in both hope and purpose for the respondents. Findings suggest that volunteerism on the part of members of the surviving community following large-scale disaster increases resilience among the volunteers and further contributes to their recovery.