Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer:Is it time to reach an Agreement?

In this editorial,we proceed to comment on the article by Chua et al,addressing the management of metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes(mLLN)in stage II/III rectal cancer patients below the peritoneal reflection.The treatment of this nodal area sparks significant controversy due to the strategic differences followed by Eastern and Western physicians,albeit with a higher degree of convergence in recent years.The dissection of lateral pelvic lymph nodes without neoadjuvant therapy is a standard practice in Eastern countries.In contrast,in the West,preference leans towards opting for neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy,that would cover the treatment of this area without the need to add the dissection of these nodes to the total mesorectal excision.In the presence of high-risk nodal characteristics for mLLN related to radiological imaging and lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy,the risk of lateral local recurrence increases,suggesting the appropriate selection of strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence in each patient profile.Despite the heterogeneous and retrospective nature of studies addressing this area,an international consensus is necessary to approach this clinical scenario uniformly.

Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally,and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery.In efforts to mitigate recurrence,pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer,and has been found to increase the survival rates.Chua et al have proposed a combination of NACRT with selective PLND for addressing lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer patients,with the aim of reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes.Nevertheless,certain studies have indicated that the addition of PLND to NACRT and total mesorectal excision did not yield a significant reduction in local recurrence rates or improvement in survival.Consequently,meticulous patient selection and perioperative chemotherapy may prove indispensable in ensuring the efficacy of PLND.

Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer

Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.

Fascia- vs vessel-oriented lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: Short-term outcomes and prognosis in a single-center experience

BACKGROUND For the management of lateral lymph node(LLN)metastasis in patients with rectal cancer,selective LLN dissection(LLND)is gradually being accepted by Chinese scholars.Theoretically,fascia-oriented LLND allows radical tumor resection and protects of organ function.However,there is a lack of studies comparing the efficacy of fascia-oriented and traditional vessel-oriented LLND.Through a preliminary study with a small sample size,we found that fasciaoriented LLND was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative urinary and male sexual dysfunction and a higher number of examined LLNs.In this study,we increased the sample size and refined the postoperative functional outcomes.AIM To compare the effects of fascia-and vessel-oriented LLND regarding short-term outcomes and prognosis.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study on data from 196 patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision and LLND from July 2014 to August 2021.The short-term outcomes included perioperative outcomes and postoperative functional outcomes.The prognosis was measured based on overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS).RESULTS A total of 105 patients were included in the final analysis and were divided into fascia-and vesseloriented groups that included 41 and 64 patients,respectively.Regarding the short-term outcomes,the median number of examined LLNs was significantly higher in the fascia-oriented group than in the vessel-oriented group.There were no significant differences in the other short-term outcomes.The incidence of postoperative urinary and male sexual dysfunction was significantly lower in the fascia-oriented group than in the vessel-oriented group.In addition,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative lower limb dysfunction between the two groups.In terms of prognosis,there was no significant difference in PFS or OS between the two groups.CONCLUSION It is safe and feasible to perform fascia-oriented LLND.Compared with vessel-oriented LLND,fascia-oriented LLND allows the examination of more LLNs and may better protect postoperative urinary function and male sexual function.

Lateral pelvic lymph nodes for rectal cancer:A review of diagnosis and management

The current status and future prospects for diagnosis and treatment of lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis of rectal cancer are described in this review.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is recommended for the diagnosis of LPLN metastasis.A LPLN-positive status on MRI is a strong risk factor for metastasis,and evaluation by MRI is important for deciding treatment strategy.LPLN dissection(LPLD)has an advantage of reducing recurrence in the lateral pelvis but also has a disadvantage of complications;therefore,LPLD may not be appropriate for cases that are less likely to have LPLN metastasis.Radiation therapy(RT)and chemoradiation therapy(CRT)have limited effects in cases with suspected LPLN metastasis,but a combination of preoperative CRT and LPLD may improve the treatment outcome.Thus,RT and CRT plus selective LPLD may be a rational strategy to omit unnecessary LPLD and produce a favorable treatment outcome.

Application of indocyanine green-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence-guided imaging in laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for middle-low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND As one effective treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis(LPNM),laparoscopic LPLN dissection(LPND)is limited due to the complicated anatomy of the pelvic sidewall and various complications after surgery.With regard to improving the accuracy and completeness of LPND as well as safety,we tried an innovative method using indocyanine green(ICG)visualized with a near-infrared(NIR)camera system to guide the detection of LPLNs in patients with middle-low rectal cancer.AIM To investigate whether ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging is a better technique for LPND in patients with rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 42 middle-low rectal cancer patients with clinical LPNM who underwent total mesorectal excision(TME)and LPND between October 2017 and March 2019 at our institution were assessed and divided into an ICG group and a non-ICG group.Clinical characteristics,operative outcomes,pathological outcomes,and postoperative complication information were compared and analysed between the two groups.RESULTS Compared to the non-ICG group,the ICG group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss(55.8±37.5 mL vs 108.0±52.7 mL,P=0.003)and a significantly larger number of LPLNs harvested(11.5±5.9 vs 7.1±4.8,P=0.017).The LPLNs of two patients in the non-IVG group were residual during LPND.In addition,no significant difference was found in terms of LPND,LPNM,operative time,conversion to laparotomy,preoperative complication,or hospital stay(P>0.05).CONCLUSION ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging could be a feasible and convenient technique to guide LPND because it could bring specific advantages regarding the accuracy and completeness of surgery as well as safety.

Prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer

AIM To assess the clinical significance of prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer.METHODS We selected 71 consecutive stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer patients who underwent primary tumor resection,and enrolled 50 of these 71 patients without clinical LPLN metastasis.The patients had distant metastasis such as liver,lung,peritoneum,and paraaortic LN.Clinical LPLN metastasis was defined as LN with a maximum diameter of 10 mm or more on preoperative pelvic computed tomography scan.All patients underwent primary tumor resection,27 patients underwent total mesorectal excision(TME) with LPLND(LPLND group),and 23 patients underwent only TME(TME group).Bilateral LPLND was performed simultaneously with primary tumor resection in LPLND group.R0 resection of both primary and metastatic sites was achieved in 20 of 50 patients.We evaluated possible prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival (OS),and compared 5-year cumulative local recurrence between the LPLND and TME groups.RESULTS For OS,univariate analyses revealed no significant benefit in the LPLND compared with the TME group (28.7% vs 17.0%,P = 0.523); multivariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was an independent prognostic factor.Regarding cumulative local recurrence,the LPLND group showed no significant benefit compared with TME group (21.4% vs 14.8%,P = 0.833).CONCLUSION Prophylactic LPLND shows no oncological benefits in patients with Stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer without clinical LPLN metastasis.

Laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in two fascial spaces for locally advanced lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND The procedure for lateral lymph node(LLN)dissection(LLND)is complicated and can result in complications.We developed a technique for laparoscopic LLND based on two fascial spaces to simplify the procedure.AIM To clarify the anatomical basis of laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating locally advanced low rectal cancer(LALRC).METHODS Cadaveric dissection was performed on 24 pelvises,and the fascial composition related to LLND was observed and described.Three dimensional-laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with LLND was performed in 20 patients with LALRC,and their clinical data were analyzed.RESULTS The cadaver study showed that the fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side in a medial-lateral direction constituting the dissection plane for curative rectal cancer surgery,and the last three fasciae formed two spaces(Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space)which were the surgical area for LLND.Laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces was performed successfully in all 20 patients.The median operating time,blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were 178(152-243)min,55(25-150)mL and 10(7-20)d,respectively.The median number of harvested LLNs was 8.6(6-12),and pathologically positive LLN metastasis was confirmed in 7(35.0%)cases.Postoperative complications included lower limb pain in 1 case and lymph leakage in 1 case.CONCLUSION Our preliminary surgical experience suggests that laparoscopic LLND based on fascial spaces is a feasible,effective and safe procedure for treating LALRC.

Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes.Hence,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer surgery.Secondary outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative scans.METHODS From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and LPND.These patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to surgery.All patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological morphology.LPND was only performed on the involved side.RESULTS Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral surgery.The median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes harvested.The median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 mm.Median length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary catheter.Complication rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic leak.There was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so far.CONCLUSION Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in accurately diagnosing metastases in these areas.A pre-CRT lymph node size of≥10 mm is suggestive of metastases.LPND may be performed safely with minimally invasive surgery.

T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with bilateral enlarged lateral lymph nodes and unilateral metastasis:A case report

BACKGROUND There are a few cases of lateral lymph node(LLN)metastasis(LLNM)of T1 rectal cancer.Moreover,LLNM is easily missed,especially in patients with early-stage rectal cancer.To our knowledge,the possibility of bilateral LLNM before surgery has not been reported in previous studies.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at a local hospital owing to a clinical diagnosis of a rectal polyp.The pathology report showed a diagnosis of T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma.She was considered to have bilateral LLNM after the examination at our hospital.Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision plus bilateral LLN dissection was performed and the pathological outcomes indicated unilateral LLNM.The patient received longcourse adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with no recurrence or metastasis observed during the 1-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION T1 rectal cancer could lead to LLNM and possibly,bilateral LLNM.Therefore,adequate clinical evaluation is essential for these patients.

Preoperative chemoradiation and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for rectal cancer:Two distinct principles

Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy(EPL) with total mesorectal excision(TME) has been reported to provide oncological benefit in lower rectal cancer in Japan.In Western countries EPL is not widely accepted because of frequent morbidity but instead preoperative chemoradiation(CRT) followed by TME has been established as a standard treatment for decreasing local recurrence.Recently,several studies have focused on the comparison between these two distinct therapeutic approaches in Western countries and Japan.A study comparing Dutch trial data and Japanese data revealed that EPL and RT are almost equivalent in decreasing local recurrence in lower rectal cancer as compared with TME alone.Considering that almost 45 survival can be achieved by EPL even in the presence of metastatic lateral lymph nodes(LLNs),EPL performed by experienced surgeons definitely contributes to decrease local recurrence.On the other hand,a randomized controlled trial in Japan that compared EPL with conventional TME following preoperative RT revealed that EPL is associated with a higher frequency of sexual and urinary dysfunction without oncological benefits in the presence of preoperative RT.On this point,preoperative CRT followed by conventional TME without EPL would be a better therapeutic approach in patients without evident metastatic LLNs.For future treatment,it would be desirable to have a narrower indication for EPL using full advantage of recent improvement in image diagnosis.Although objective comparison of these two principles between Japan and the West is difficult due to differences in patient groups,further studies would lead to the next great step towards future improvement in treating lower rectal cancer.

New classification system for radical rectal cancer surgery based on membrane anatomy

BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision along the“holy plane”is the only radical surgery for rectal cancer,regardless of tumor size,localization or even tumor stage.However,according to the concept of membrane anatomy,multiple fascial spaces around the rectum could be used as the surgical plane to achieve radical resection.AIM To propose a new membrane anatomical and staging-oriented classification system for tailoring the radicality during rectal cancer surgery.METHODS A three-dimensional template of the member anatomy of the pelvis was established,and the existing anatomical nomenclatures were clarified by cadaveric dissection study and laparoscopic surgical observation.Then,we suggested a new and simple classification system for rectal cancer surgery.For simplification,the classification was based only on the lateral extent of resection.RESULTS The fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side around the rectum and form three spaces(medial,middle and lateral),and blood vessels and nerves are precisely positioned in the fascia or space.Three types of radical surgery for rectal cancer are described,as are a few subtypes that consider nerve preservation.The surgical planes of the proposed radical surgeries(types A,B and C)correspond exactly to the medial,middle,and lateral spaces,respectively.CONCLUSION Three types of radical surgery can be precisely defined based on membrane anatomy,including nerve-sparing procedures.Our classification system may offer an optimal tool for tailoring rectal cancer surgery.

Technical feasibility of laparoscopic extended surgerybeyond total mesorectal excision for primary or recurrentrectal cancer

Relatively little is known about the oncologic safety of laparoscopic surgery for advanced rectal cancer.Recently, large randomized clinical trials showed that laparoscopic surgery was not inferior to open surgery, as evidenced by survival and local control rates. However, patients with T4 tumors were excluded from these trials. Technological advances in the instrumentation and techniques used by laparoscopic surgery have increased the use of laparoscopic surgery for advanced rectal cancer. High-definition, illuminated, and magnified images obtained by laparoscopy may enable more precise laparoscopic surgery than open techniques, even during extended surgery for T4 or locally recurrent rectal cancer. To date, the quality of evidence regarding the usefulness of laparoscopy for extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision has been low because most studies have been uncontrolled series, with small sample sizes, and long-term data are lacking. Nevertheless, laparoscopic extended surgery for rectal cancer, when performed by specialized laparoscopic colorectal surgeons, has been reported safe in selected patients, with significant advantages, including a clear visual field and less blood loss. This review summarizes current knowledge on laparoscopic extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision for primary or locally recurrent rectal cancer.

腹膜返折以下直肠癌患者侧方淋巴结转移情况预测模型的构建

目的探究腹膜返折以下直肠癌患者侧方淋巴结转移情况并构建预测模型。方法纳入2020年1月至2023年4月该院收治的102例腹膜返折以下直肠癌患者作为研究对象。根据是否存在侧方淋巴结转移(LLNM)分为转移组(n=31)与未转移组(n=71)。对比两组患者一般临床资料、肿瘤病理特征及实验室检验指标[癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、转化生长因子(TGF)-α、TGF-β1]的差异。通过Spearman相关性分析及Logistic回归分析筛选出腹膜反折以下直肠癌患者合并LLNM的危险因素,构建预测模型并评价模型的效能。结果转移组患者平均肿瘤最大径、侧方淋巴结短径、低分化患者比例、T3~T4分期患者比例均显著高于未转移组患者(P<0.05),转移组患者平均TGF-α、TGF-β1、NLR水平均显著高于未转移组患者(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析表明,低分化、T3~T4分期、肿瘤最大径及侧方淋巴结短径较长、TGF-α、TGF-β1、NLR水平较高均是腹膜返折以下直肠癌患者发生LLNM的独立危险因素(P<0.05);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析表明,基于上述危险因素构建的预测模型曲线下面积(AUC)为0.915(95%CI:0.847~0.984),具有较高的预测效能。结论发生LLNM的腹膜返折以下直肠癌患者往往肿瘤最大径、侧方淋巴结短径较长,同时患者TGF-α、TGF-β1、NLR水平较高,针对具有上述特征的患者应积极开展侧方淋巴结清扫,并及时监测是否在术后仍存在淋巴结转移,为提高腹膜返折以下直肠癌LLNM的诊断提供一定临床依据。

磁共振成像对直肠癌盆腔侧方淋巴结转移的诊断价值分析

目的:分析磁共振成像(MRI)对直肠癌盆腔侧方淋巴结转移(PLLNM)的诊断价值。方法:选取2020年3月—2022年2月新乡医学院第三附属医院收治的80例直肠癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者术前均接受MRI检查及病理活检确诊,均行直肠癌切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术。以病理结果为金标准,计算MRI对直肠癌PLLNM的准确度、敏感度、特异度及一致性,比较不同性质淋巴结的MRI图像特征。采用Pearson检验分析MRI图像特征与直肠癌PLLNM的相关性,采用多因素logistic回归分析模型分析影响PLLNM的独立危险因素。结果:80例直肠癌患者经病理诊断共检出PLLNM 29例,未转移51例;MRI诊断共检出PLLNM 35例,未转移45例,两者的诊断一致性良好(Kappa=0.845)。PLLNM患者的边缘模糊及型号不均匀占比显著高于未转移者,淋巴结短径显著长于未转移者,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.342、8.136;t=13.857,P<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,直肠癌PLLNM检出率与淋巴结短径、边缘模糊及信号不均匀具有正相关性(r>0,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,淋巴结信号是影响直肠癌PLLNM的独立危险因素。结论:MRI对直肠癌PLLNM的诊断效能较高,不同性质淋巴结的MRI图像特征存在明显差异,其中淋巴结短径、边缘模糊及信号不均匀与PLL-NM密切相关,淋巴结信号是影响直肠癌PLLNM的独立危险因素。用MRI测量淋巴结短径是诊断直肠癌PLLNM的可靠参数,对PLLNM的早期预测具有积极作用。

基于MRI探索用于术前预测直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的短径截断值

目的:探讨基于侧方淋巴结(lateral pelvic lymph node, LPLN)短径预测术前进行新辅助治疗和未进行新辅助治疗的直肠癌患者LPLN转移的诊断标准。方法:回顾性收集分析自2012年01月至2019年12月中国侧方淋巴结协作组的机构数据库中行全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)+侧方淋巴结清扫术(lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis, LPLND)的临床怀疑LPLN肿大的直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。结果:共纳入446例患者,根据不同术前治疗策略,将所有患者分为新辅助治疗组和无新辅助治疗组。新辅助治疗组患者病理pCR/T1(9.0%vs 2.7%,P=0.013)和N0(41.9%vs 55.3%,P<0.001)的比例与无新辅助治疗组患者差异明显。此外,相比于无新辅助治疗组患者,新辅助治疗组患者手术时间明显延长(300.7 vs 277.4 min,P=0.018)。新辅助治疗组与无新辅助治疗组分别有40例(25.8%)和78例(26.8%)患者病理诊断为LPLN转移。髂内淋巴结是新辅助治疗组(16.1%)和无新辅助治疗组(15.8%)患者最常见的LPLN转移位置。新辅助治疗组患者平均转移LPLN短径(1.0 vs 1.4 mm,P=0.015)和无转移LPLN短径(0.6 vs 0.8 mm,P=0.005)明显短于无新辅助治疗组。无新辅助治疗组和新辅助治疗组患者分别以9 mm和7 mm作为LPLN截断值时,AUC值分别为0.817和0.745,有着较好的一致性。结论:接受新辅助治疗和未接受新辅助治疗的患者分别以7 mm和9 mm作为LPLN截断值时,有着最佳的预测LPLN转移的能力。

纳米炭显影结合动脉途径在直肠癌第三站淋巴结清扫根治术淋巴结分选中的应用价值

目的探究纳米炭显影结合动脉途径在直肠癌第三站淋巴结清扫根治术淋巴结分选中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2020年7月就诊于张家口宣钢医院的直肠癌患者110例,根据患者治疗方法不同,将患者分为传统淋巴结分选组(传统淋巴结分选)55例和纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组(纳米炭颗粒悬浮液经肛门注射到肿瘤周围的直肠黏膜下层并结合动脉途径)55例。通过腹部和骨盆的对比增强计算机断层扫描,核磁共振成像和正发射断层扫描验证诊断;比较2组患者淋巴结分选持续时间、淋巴结和直径<5 mm的淋巴结数目;通过综合诊断2组患者淋巴结阳性或阴性;通过苏木精和伊红染色进行组织学检查;比较2组患者直肠膜完整性和肿瘤与周围切除边缘距离;统计2组患者生存率。结果纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组淋巴结分选持续时间较传统淋巴结分选组短(P<0.05)。纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组淋巴结数目和直径<5 mm的淋巴结平均数较传统淋巴结分选组多(P<0.05)。纳米炭颗粒对组织化学观察和诊断没有影响。纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组直肠膜完整性比例和肿瘤与周围切除边缘距离高于传统淋巴结分选组(P<0.05)。纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组术后住院天数和辅助化疗人数比例均低于传统淋巴结分选组(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后,2组患者生存率均出现不同程度下降,但纳米炭显影结合动脉途径组的下降幅度低于传统淋巴结分选组(P<0.05)。结论纳米炭显影结合动脉途径作为直肠癌淋巴结检测示踪剂是有效的,能够增加患者生存率,对直肠癌患者具有保护作用。

吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜技术在直肠癌手术中的应用价值分析

目的探讨吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜技术在直肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月至2023年11月于开封一五五医院行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的直肠癌患者80例作为研究对象,依据是否应用吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜技术将入组患者随机分为研究组(吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜)和对照组(传统腹腔镜),每组各40例,比较两组患者的临床特征、手术及术后相关情况。结果研究组和对照组在性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、基础疾病史、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、肿瘤T分期、术后病理分期及肿瘤距肛缘距离方面进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术中出血量为(80.68±18.46)ml,低于对照组的(94.65±17.68)ml,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。研究组患者术中吲哚菁绿荧光提示吻合口血运不佳、吻合不满意且术中吻合口重建4例,对照组术中无吻合口重建,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。两组患者手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术中淋巴结清扫数目高于对照组[(18.43±3.59)枚vs.(14.02±3.10))枚,P<0.001],但两组的阳性淋巴结数目比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后首次下床时间、首次排气时间、首次进食时间及术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但对照组吻合口瘘的发生率显著高于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。结论吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜技术应用于直肠癌手术,可提高淋巴结清扫精度,还可实时评估吻合口吻合满意度、降低吻合口瘘的发生率。

四步法保留左结肠动脉用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的效果

目的分析四步法保留左结肠动脉(LCA)用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的效果。方法选择2020年5月至2022年5月在上海交通大学医学院苏州九龙医院进行治疗的102例择期行腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各51例。观察组采用“四步法”在保留LCA基础上进行手术,对照组在不保留LCA的基础上进行手术。比较两组手术和淋巴结清扫情况、手术前后肿瘤标志物、并发症发生情况,以及1年随访情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、住院时间、淋巴结清扫总数、NO.253淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组肿瘤标志物水平较术前降低(P<0.05),两组肿瘤标志物水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1年癌细胞转移发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论将四步法保留LCA用于腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者对其手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清除率,以及肿瘤标志物水平无明显影响,但保留LCA可降低并发症发生风险。

机器人手术系统在低位直肠癌根治术联合侧方淋巴结清扫术中的应用

目的:评估机器人手术系统在低位直肠癌根治术(TME)联合侧方淋巴结清扫术(LLND)中的可行性及安全性。方法:选取2016年3月至2020年6月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的低位直肠癌合并侧方淋巴结肿大的患者187例,其中46例接受机器人手术系统辅助下TME+LLND(机器人组),141例接受腹腔镜下TME+LLND(腹腔镜组)。随访至2022年3月。比较2组的疗效和安全性指标。结果:2组患者均顺利完成手术。与腹腔镜组相比,机器人组保肛率高(71.7%vs 54.6%),手术时间短[(242.61±44.99) min vs(300.64±58.78) min],LLND时间短[(89.78±21.86) min vs(119.01±24.36) min],出血量少[(134.13±59.58) mL vs(371.21±181.11) mL],排气时间短[(2.96±0.82) d vs(3.75±1.10) d],术后住院时间短[(10.63±1.64) d vs(13.63±1.73) d],淋巴瘘发生率低(21.7%vs 38.3%)(P均<0.05);机器人组术后性功能及排尿功能评分均优于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。机器人组侧方淋巴结清扫数多于腹腔镜组[(7.87±2.28)vs(5.69±2.39)](P<0.05)。2组患者总生存期、无病生存期差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人手术系统辅助下TME+LLND治疗低位直肠癌合并侧方淋巴结肿大安全、可行。