In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effe...In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.展开更多
This article studied the diversity of Amphipoda＇s environmental adaptation using statistic method- ology based on the seasonal investigation data obtained from the East China Sea waters （23°30′- 33°N, 118...This article studied the diversity of Amphipoda＇s environmental adaptation using statistic method- ology based on the seasonal investigation data obtained from the East China Sea waters （23°30′- 33°N, 118°30′128°E） from 1997 to 2000. Fifty-four Amphipoda species were identified： among which eight species could stand a temperature difference over 10 ℃ and eight species could tolerate the temperature gap ranged from 5 to 10 ℃; while only six species could stand the salinity fluctuation more than 5. Based on above facts as well as calculated optimal temperature and salinity we divided all Amphipoda species into four groups： （1） eurythermic and euryhalinous species including Lestrigonus schizogeneios, L. macrophthalmus, Tetrathyrus forcipatus, L. bengalensis and Hyperi- oides sibaginis; （2） temperate-warm species containing Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto gau- dichaudi, Themisto japonica and Hyperia galba; （3） oceanic tropical species consisted of Oxycephalus clausi~ Lyeaea pulex, Eupronoe minuta, Simorhychotus antennarius, O. poreelus, Platyscelus ovoides and Rhabdosoma ahitei; （4） subtropical species involving one nearshore subtropical water species （Corophium uenoi） and 37 offshore subtropical ones. Compared with other zooplankton such as Eu- phausia and Chaetognatha, Amphipoda was characterized by low dominance but wide distribution in the East China Sea, and this could be ascribed to its high adaptation diversity.展开更多
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.
基金The China Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.90511005"908" Project under contract No.908-02-01-03
文摘This article studied the diversity of Amphipoda＇s environmental adaptation using statistic method- ology based on the seasonal investigation data obtained from the East China Sea waters （23°30′- 33°N, 118°30′128°E） from 1997 to 2000. Fifty-four Amphipoda species were identified： among which eight species could stand a temperature difference over 10 ℃ and eight species could tolerate the temperature gap ranged from 5 to 10 ℃; while only six species could stand the salinity fluctuation more than 5. Based on above facts as well as calculated optimal temperature and salinity we divided all Amphipoda species into four groups： （1） eurythermic and euryhalinous species including Lestrigonus schizogeneios, L. macrophthalmus, Tetrathyrus forcipatus, L. bengalensis and Hyperi- oides sibaginis; （2） temperate-warm species containing Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto gau- dichaudi, Themisto japonica and Hyperia galba; （3） oceanic tropical species consisted of Oxycephalus clausi~ Lyeaea pulex, Eupronoe minuta, Simorhychotus antennarius, O. poreelus, Platyscelus ovoides and Rhabdosoma ahitei; （4） subtropical species involving one nearshore subtropical water species （Corophium uenoi） and 37 offshore subtropical ones. Compared with other zooplankton such as Eu- phausia and Chaetognatha, Amphipoda was characterized by low dominance but wide distribution in the East China Sea, and this could be ascribed to its high adaptation diversity.
