Noise-like rectangular pulses in a mode-locked double-clad Er:Yb laser with a record pulse energy

Generation of noise-like rectangular pulse was investigated systematically in an Er–Yb co-doped fiber laser based on an intra-cavity coupler with different coupling ratios.When the coupling ratio was 5/95,stable mode-locked pulses could be obtained with the pulse packet duration tunable from 4.86 ns to 80 ns.The repetition frequency was 1.186 MHz with the output spectrum centered at 1.6μm.The average output power and single pulse energy reached a record 1.43 W and1.21μJ,respectively.Pulse characteristics under different coupling ratios(5/95,10/90,20/80,30/70,40/60)were also presented and discussed.

A cladding-pumping based power-scaled noise-like and dissipative soliton pulse fiber laser

We report a high-average-power noise-like pulse(NLP) and dissipative soliton(DS) pulse fiber laser. Average power as high as 4.8 W could be obtained at the fundamental mode-locked repetition rate. The NLP can also be transformed into a more powerful DS mode-locking state by optimizing the polarization and losses of intra-cavity pulses in the nonlinear polarization evolution regime. The operation mode between the NLP and DS can be switched, and the laser output performance in both modes has been studied. The main advantage of this work is switchable high-power operation between the NLP and DS. In comparison with conventional single-mode NLP fiber lasers, the multi-function high-power optical source will greatly push its application in supercontinuum generation, coherence tomography, and industrial processing.

Multi-frame speckle reduction in OCT using supercontinuum pumped by noise-like pulses

In most coherent imaging modality,speckle noise is a major cause that blurs the boundary of tissues and degrades the image contrast.By utilizing the unique properties of supercontinuum(SC)generated by noise-like pulses(NLPs)and a simple multi-frame averaging technique,we achieved significant speckle reduction in spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT).We quantitatively compared the speckle of our proposed method with those of conventional swept source OCT(SS-OCT)and SD-OCT based on commercial light sources.The experimental results show that SC pumped by NLPs combined with noncoherent averaging method achieves better denoising performance in terms of contrast to noise ratio(CNR).

Propagation of a Rectangular Pulse in an Anomalous Dispersive Medium

The pulse with a rectangular envelop propagating through the caesium vapour with two gain lines used inthe Wang, Kuzmich, and Dogariu [Nature (London) 406 (2000) 277] experiment is studied. It is shown that there existsan obvious distortion for the pulse.

Sub-ns Jitter, 1ns Risetime and 10 kV Rectangular Pulse Trigger Generator

A new rectangular pulse trigger generator has been developed which can generate two 10 kV pulses with a risetime less than 1 ns, a jitter of 0.2 ns and a width of about 10 ns and 40 ns, respectively. This generator uses two polymer-foil switches and 25 ohm Blumlein transmission lines composed of two-parallel standard coaxial cables discharging into two 50 ohm output cables. The pulse width and the delay between two pulses can be adjusted by changing the length of the cables.

Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling inside a Rectangular Enclosure with an Aperture

The transmission line matrix time domain (TLM-TD) method is used to simulate the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) cou-pled inside a shielding box with an aperture. Simulations for different electromagnetic pulses regarding to different rise time and fall time have been performed. The results for shielding effectiveness of these different excitations have been presented. A simple method that uses an extra metal for reducing the interference has also been proposed and tested.

Wavelength-Tunable Rectangular Pulses Generated from All-Fiber Mode-Locked Laser Based on Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror

The wavelength-tunable rectangular mode-locking operation is demonstrated in an all-fiber laser based on semi- conductor saturable absorber mirror. As the dissipative soliton resonance signature, the pulse duration varies from 5SOps to 2.1 ns as a function o~ the increasing pump power. Correspondingly, the maximum pulse energy is 9.11 n3. Moreover, it is found that the wavelength tunable operation with a range of approximately 10 nm could be obtained by properly adjusting the polarization controllers. The characteristics of the rectangular pulses at different wavelengths are similar to each other. The demonstration of the wavelength tunable rectangular pulses would be beneficial to some applications for many fields such as spectroscopy and sensing research.

Transmission loss simulation based on rectangular-pulse method and experimental evaluation of acoustic performance of perforated intake pipe

Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 d B(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 d B(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.

ALGORITHM FOR THE NOMINAL RESOLUTION IN RECTANGULAR PULSE SIGNAL USING THE AMBIGUITY MATRIX

It is a main form using the main beamwidth of the ambiguity function to judge the signal resolution, in which the range or Doppler resolution of the signals are investigated for the targets close to each other. However, for the pulse signal with rectangular envelope, if the nominal range resolution is calculated from the classic definition, there exists the problem of infinite integral for the high power terms of sine function, and a definite result could not be obtained. Though a definite solution of the nominal velocity resolution can be calculated from the definition, the calculation for the signal consisting of multiple-pulse, especially several periods, is very complex. The paper begins with the physical meaning of nominal resolution rather than from the definition formula to solve the problem using the ambiguity matrix, and make the calculation simplified greatly.

Global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of rectangular thin plate with one-to-one internal resonance

Global bifurcations and multi-pulse chaotic dynamics for a simply supported rectangular thin plate are studied by the extended Melnikov method. The rectangular thin plate is subject to transversal and in-plane excitation. A two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear nonautonomous system governing equations of motion for the rectangular thin plate is derived by the von Karman type equation and the Galerkin approach. A one-to- one internal resonance is considered. An averaged equation is obtained with a multi-scale method. After transforming the averaged equation into a standard form, the extended Melnikov method is used to show the existence of multi-pulse chaotic dynamics, which can be used to explain the mechanism of modal interactions of thin plates. A method for calculating the Melnikov function is given without an explicit analytical expression of homoclinic orbits. Furthermore, restrictions on the damping, excitation, and detuning parameters are obtained, under which the multi-pulse chaotic dynamics is expected. The results of numerical simulations are also given to indicate the existence of small amplitude multi-pulse chaotic responses for the rectangular thin plate.

Ultrashort optical pulse shaper based on complex-modulated long-period-grating coupler

In this paper,we present a novel ultrashort pulse shaper based on complex-modulated long-period-grating coupler（CM-LPGC）.Temporal rectangular waveform with 2-ps full width at half maximum（FWHM） is obtained by transforming the input Gaussian pulse.Tolerances of the CM-LPGC-based shaper to various non-ideal excitation conditions and fabricating errors are investigated.Results confirm that CM-LPGC is stable and suitable for optical pulse shaping operation.

光纤激光器中矩形类噪声多脉冲的行为研究

报道了基于非线性光纤环形镜(NOLM)锁模的掺铒光纤激光器中矩形类噪声多脉冲演化行为.在基频重复率为2.19 MHz下,可以获得稳定的矩形类噪声脉冲,脉冲宽度从1.25 ns到4.35 ns可调,单脉冲能量可达7.72 nJ.通过改变泵浦功率和偏振状态,矩形类噪声可分裂成多脉冲,并随着腔参数的不同演化成多种形态,如脉冲间距不等的矩形类噪声脉冲簇,脉冲间距相等的矩形类噪声脉冲簇以及各阶谐波类噪声脉冲.实验结果表明,类噪声脉冲具有与孤子脉冲类似的脉冲分裂特性,并随着腔内脉冲数的增加,单个矩形类噪声脉冲宽度逐渐减小.实验结果有助于进一步理解矩形类噪声脉冲的产生机理与多脉冲的动力学特性.

带反偏置的双路高压脉冲电源的研究

通过调节反向偏置电压可以改善电场渗透对质谱仪的影响,提高质谱仪的分辨率。为了满足质谱仪对脉冲电场的不同要求,提出了一种可以同时输出两路极性相反脉冲电场的脉冲电源,且高压正脉冲叠加幅值可调的直流负偏置电压。该电源只需一个充电源便可以产生正负两路脉冲电场。分析了串联开关同步驱动效果,随后通过增加补偿绕组和并联电阻优化了串联电容的分压不均的问题,并验证一个磁芯加多个副边绕组的方案可进一步降低充电电压不均。最终实现了4个电容器的充电电压与平均电压相差不超过0.1%。搭建了一台4级的电源样机,实验表明,其可以在容性负载上产生一路幅值为0~1.5 kV、脉宽为2~10μs可调的高压正脉冲且叠加幅值为0~-200 V的反向偏置电压,和一路幅值为0~-1.5 kV、脉宽为2~10μs可调的高压负脉冲,频率高达10 kHz,正负脉冲的前沿均小于30 ns,脉冲波形平稳。该脉冲电源结构紧凑,并且输出电压、脉宽、频率均连续可调。

S波段永磁式相对论磁控管设计及实验研究

对S波段永磁式全腔提取相对论磁控管进行了理论设计和数值模拟研究,并对其进行了实验研究。通过理论分析初步获取相对论磁控管结构参数,并采用三维电磁仿真软件对模型进行粒子仿真优化,根据引导磁场需求设计永磁磁场产生结构。该永磁式相对论磁控管在500 kV电压输入条件下,输出微波功率1.978 GW,效率49.2%。利用实验室小型脉冲功率驱动源平台开展了初步实验研究。实验中,该永磁式相对论磁控管在脉冲驱动源驱动下获得GW级输出功率,功率转换效率约40%,实验结果与模拟结果吻合得较好。

Stable noise-like pulse generation in all-PM mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser based on NOLM

A stable noise-like(NL)mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser(TDFL)relying on a nonlinear optical loop mirror(NOLM)was experimentally presented.Different from the previous NL mode-locked TDFL with NOLM,the entire polarization-maintaining(PM)fiber construction was utilized in our laser cavity,which makes the oscillator have a better resistance to environmental perturbations.The robust TDFL can deliver stable bound-state NL pulses with a pulse envelope tunable from〜14.1 ns to〜23.6 ns and maximum pulse energy of〜40.3 nj at a repetition rate of〜980.6 kHz.Meanwhile,the all-PM fiber laser shows good power stability[less than〜0.7%)and repeatability.

Noise-like pulse generation from a thulium-doped fiber laser using nonlinear polarization rotation with different net anomalous dispersion

A mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser(TDFL) based on nonlinear polarization rotation(NPR) with different net anomalous dispersion is demonstrated. When the cavity dispersion is-1.425 ps^2, the noise-like(NL) pulse with coherence spike width of 406 fs and pulse energy of 12.342 nJ is generated at a center wavelength of 2003.2 nm with 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 23.20 nm. In the experimental period of 400 min, the 3 dB spectral bandwidth variation, the output power fluctuation, and the central wavelength shift are less than 0.06 nm, 0.04 d B, and0.4 nm, respectively, indicating that the NPR-based TDFL operating in the NL regime holds good long-term stability.

Experimental studies of noise-like pulses in a dispersion-managed fiber laser

Based on an erbium.doped dispersion-managed fiber laser,the characteristics of noise-like pulses under different net cavity group velocity dispersions (GVDs) are experimentally investigated.Results show that the spec-tral bandwidth of noise-like pulse will increase as the net cavity GVD increases and attains maximum when the GVD is slightly positive.The effect of Raman scattering is enhanced due to the temporal width attains minimum.When the net cavity GVD increases continually and further into the positive region, the spectral width begins to decrease and the effect of Raman scattering is suppressed due to the positive dispersion.Our experimental results are in good agreement with the previous prediction of numerical simulation.

Vector soliton and noise-like pulse generation using a Ti3C2 MXene material in a fiber laser

We built a Tm:Ho co-doped fiber laser using a Ti3C2 MXene material as a saturable absorber(SA).The formation of vector solitons(VSs)and noise-like pulses(NLPs)was observed.The SA was prepared by dripping a Ti3C2 solution on a side-polished D-shaped fiber and then naturally vaporized.The VS is characterized by two coexisting sets of Kelly sidebands.By modulating the polarization controller in the fiber laser,NLPs with about 3.3 nm bandwidth can be switched from the VS.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that VSs have been generated in a fiber laser using a Ti3C2 MXene material as the SA.

Noise-like pulse with a 690 fs pedestal generated from a nonlinear Yb-doped fiber amplification system

Noise-like pulses having a pedestal of 690 fs and a spike of 59.6 fs were generated in a nonlinear Yb-doped fiber amplification system. The seed source is a mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser by nonlinear polarization rotation,and dissipative soliton pulses were obtained in it. Then, the dissipative soliton pulses passed through a 7.6 m dispersive fiber to enhance the dispersion and nonlinearity. Further on, the dissipative soliton pulses were launched into a Yb-doped fiber nonlinear amplifier, and stable noise-like pulses with a pedestal of 6.26 ps and a spike of 227 fs were achieved. Finally, by a grating pair, the pedestal and spike of the noise-like pulses were effectively compressed to 690 fs and 59.6 fs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest pedestal demonstrated in noise-like pulses operating at 1 μm.

Dual-wavelength rectangular pulse erbium-doped fiber laser based on topological insulator saturable absorber

We reported on the generation of the dual-wavelength rectangular pulse in an erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL)with a topological insulator saturable absorber.The rectangular pulse could be stably initiated with pulse width from 13.62 to 25.16 ns and fundamental repetition rate of 3.54 MHz by properly adjusting the pump power and the polarization state.In addition,we verified that the pulse shape of the dual-wavelength rectangular pulse can be affected by the total net cavity dispersion in the fiber laser.Furthermore,by properly rotating the polarization controllers,the harmonic mode-locking operation of the dual-wavelength rectangular pulse was also obtained.The dual-wavelength rectangular pulse EDFL would benefit some potential applications,such as spectroscopy,biomedicine,and sensing research.