A Fractional Order Fast Repetitive Control Paradigm of Vienna Rectifier for Power Quality Improvement

Due to attractive features,including high efficiency,low device stress,and ability to boost voltage,a Vienna rectifier is commonly employed as a battery charger in an electric vehicle(EV).However,the 6k±1 harmonics in the acside current of the Vienna rectifier deteriorate theTHDof the ac current,thus lowering the power factor.Therefore,the current closed-loop for suppressing 6k±1 harmonics is essential tomeet the desired total harmonic distortion(THD).Fast repetitive control(FRC)is generally adopted;however,the deviation of power grid frequency causes delay link in the six frequency fast repetitive control to become non-integer and the tracking performance to deteriorate.This paper presents the detailed parameter design and calculation of fractional order fast repetitive controller(FOFRC)for the non-integer delay link.The finite polynomial approximates the non-integer delay link through the Lagrange interpolation method.By comparing the frequency characteristics of traditional repetitive control,the effectiveness of the FOFRC strategy is verified.Finally,simulation and experiment validate the steadystate performance and harmonics suppression ability of FOFRC.

Coordinate control strategy for stability operation of offshore wind farm integrated with Diode-rectifier HVDC

Due to low investment cost and high reliability,a new scheme called DR-HVDC(Diode Rectifier based HVDC)transmission was recently proposed for grid integration of large offshore wind farms.However,in this scheme,the application of conventional control strategies for stability operation face several challenges due to the uncontrollability of the DR.In this paper,a coordinated control strategy of offshore wind farms using the DR-HVDC transmission technology to connect with the onshore grid,is investigated.A novel coordinated control strategy for DR-HVDC is proposed based on the analysis of the DC current control ability of the full-bridge-based modular multilevel converter(FB-MMC)at the onshore station and the input and output characteristics of the diode rectifier at the offshore.Considering the characteristics of operation stability and decoupling between reactive power and active power,a simplified design based on double-loop droop control for offshore AC voltage is proposed after power flow and voltage–current(I–V)characteristics of the offshore wind farm being analyzed.Furthermore,the impact of onshore AC fault to offshore wind farm is analyzed,and a fast fault detection and protection strategy without relying on communication is proposed.Case studies carried out by PSCAD/EMTDC verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the start up,power fluctuation,and onshore and offshore fault conditions.

A Nonlinear Control Strategy for Vienna Rectifier Under Unbalanced Input Voltage

The Vienna rectifier with unbalanced input voltage and load transient is analyzed.A nonlinear control strategy for Vienna rectifier under unbalanced input is proposed.From the view of positive and negative sequence components,the proposed nonlinear control strategy suppresses the twice frequency ripple and guarantees the dynamic response characteristic at the same time.Thanks to the proposed nonlinear control strategy,the DC bus capacitor can be reduced a lot since the voltage ripple and drop can be suppressed.A 10 kW Vienna rectifier is built to verify the proposed control strategy.After applying the proposed nonlinear control strategy,the voltage ripple is only7 V and decreases over 75%over the traditional PI control when the unbalanced degree is 20%.The voltage drop can be reduced about 80%than former control strategy which is helpful to reduce the DC bus capacitor and achieve higher power density.The volume of the capacitor can be reduced by 83.3%with the new control method.

Structure-dependent behaviors of diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier under electrostatic discharge stress

The comprehensive understanding of the structure-dependent electrostatic discharge behaviors in a conventional diode-triggered silicon controlled rectifier （DTSCR） is presented in this paper. Combined with the device simulation, a mathematical model is built to get a more in-depth insight into this phenomenon. The theoretical studies are verified by the transmission-line-pulsing （TLP） test results of the modified DTSCR structure, which is realized in a 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） process. The detailed analysis of the physical mechanism is used to provide predictions as the DTSCR-based protection scheme is required. In addition, a method is also presented to achieve the tradeoff between the leakage and trigger voltage in DTSCR.

A Space Vector Modulation Based Three-level PWM Rectifier under Simple Sliding Mode Control Strategy

In this paper, a voltage oriented control strategy for three-level PWM rectifier based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is introduced in order to obtain fast and accurate response of dc-bus voltage. To verify the validity of the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed control method a set of simulation tests have been conducted using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared to the conventional PI controller, the SMC can reduce drastically the three-level rectifier’s voltage fluctuation and improve the dynamic response of dc-bus significantly.

Control of Unit Power Factor PWM Rectifier

To solve the problem of harmonic pollution to the power grid that caused by traditional diode rectifier and phase controlled rectifier, the unit power factor PWM rectifier is designed. The topology structure of the rectifier circuit is introduced and the double closed-loop control strategy in three-phase stationary coordinate system is analyzed. For the deficiency of control strategy, the control strategy in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system is proposed. This makes the independent control of active current and reactive current to be realized. The simulation model of the PWM rectifier is built and the effectiveness of the control method proposed in this paper is verified by simulation.

Coordinated Control of Sliding Mode and Hamiltonian for PWM Rectifier

Aiming at the PWM rectifier control strategy of sliding mode control, steady state performance weak Hamiltonian control dynamic tracking performance is poor, the coordinated compound control is proposed, the feedback linearization controller and sliding mode controller Hamiltonian system is obtained, and the design of a coordinated control strategy. In order to verify the accuracy of this method, MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the composite control can achieve the coordinated dynamic rapid tracking and constant DC output and unit power factor operation, and satisfy the control requirements of the rectifier, effectively reducing the disturbance effect on the system. Compared with Hamiltonian control, the proposed method combines the advantages of the two methods, which have the fast tracking performance and excellent steady-state characteristics, and the research prospect is broad.

Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of a High-Efficiency Battery Control System

This paper explains step-by-step modeling and simulation of the full circuits of a battery control system and connected together starting from the AC input source to the battery control and storage system.The three-phase half-controlled rectifier has been designed to control and convert the AC power into DC power.In addition,two types of direct current converters have been used in this paper which are a buck and bidirectional DC/DC converters.These systems adjust the output voltage to be lower or higher than the input voltage.In the buck converters,the main switch operates in conduction or cut-off mode and is triggered by a Pulse-Width Modulated(PWM)signal.The output and input voltage levels ratio are used to calculate thePWMsignal’s duty cycle.Therefore,the duty cycle indicates the operation mode of the converter in steady-state operation.In this study,we analyze and control of a buck converter with the PWM signal.Besides,the bidirectional DC/DC converter has been achieved and optimized by PI control methods to control the battery charging and discharging modes.The simulation has been applied via the Matlab/Simulink environment.The results show the activity of each part of the designed circuits starting from the converters and the battery control system in charge and discharge modes.

Power Factor Correction Rectifier with a Variable Frequency Voltage Source in Vehicular Application

This paper presents a PFCVF (Power Factor Correction) rectifier that uses a variable frequency source for alternators for electric and hybrid vehicles application. In such application, the frequency of the signal in the alternator changes according to the vehicle speed, more over the loading effect on the alternator introduces harmonic currents and increases the alternator apparent power requirements. To overcome these problems and aiming more stability and better design of the alternator, a new third harmonic injection technique is proposed. This technique allows to preserve a good THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of the input source at any frequency and to decrease losses in semiconductors switches, thereby allowing more stability and reducing the apparent power requirements. A comparative study between the standard and the new technique is made and highlights the effectiveness of the new design. A detailed analysis of the proposed topology is presented and simulations as well as experimental results are shown.

面向电流源型PWM整流器的双矢量模型预测直接功率控制

电流源型脉宽调制(Pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器因其网侧存在LC滤波器,系统的控制难度增加。传统直接功率控制策略下的整流器功率波形存在脉动,因模型预测控制具有卓越的动态特性以及直观的控制规律,采用模型预测直接功率控制(Model predictive direct power control,MPDPC)对传统控制策略进行改进。首先建立了三相PWM整流器的数学模型,给出了每个采样周期内的功率变化率,并推导出相邻采样周期之间的功率关系,然后给出基于单矢量的模型预测直接功率控制策略,提出了基于双矢量的模型预测直接功率控制策略,并优选出两个电流矢量,计算在一个采样周期内的作用时间,并对其进行修正。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。

抑制采样白噪声干扰的PWM整流器无差拍控制

无差拍控制(DBC)是一种应用于整流器电流内环的预测控制,但该算法对系统参数敏感,当采样受到持续噪声干扰时波形畸变严重。为此,此处提出了一种基于DBC的白噪声抑制算法,实验结果表明,该算法在较大电感参数偏差下能保持稳定,在白噪声干扰下能够显著降低电流畸变率。

基于级联式整流电源的恒流均压控制方法

针对电磁探测的大功率电磁场激发需要,文中采用输入并联输出串联的级联式整流电源,提高输出电压等级,保证激发功率。为了满足电磁探测过程中输出电流的稳定性,提出了基于双闭环的恒流均压控制算法。分析了级联式直流电源恒流均压输出的原理,建立了电源的数学模型,设计了电压电流环的控制器,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型并通过控制器参数优化从而降低误差。级联式直流电源由于上下两部分可能存在器件参数不同的情况,这就导致在恒流控制下两级电源输出电压不同,在动态情况下的偏差会更大从而引起器件不均压而损坏,因此在考虑控制恒流输出的同时需要加入控制均压输出。通过对输出电流电压进行采样,经控制器转换为相应的脉冲触发所对应的开关器件从而实现恒流均压输出。仿真结果显示输出电流控制在2 A,电流变化在5%以下。

基于占空比波表的三相四线整流器控制

三相脉宽调制(PWM)整流器应用广泛。针对三相四线(TPFW)PWM整流器,提出了一种基于占空比波表的电压电流双闭环控制策略。该控制策略电压外环采用波表系数步进调节控制,电流内环采用离散比例积分微分(PID)控制叠加电容电压步进调节均衡控制。该方法能够提高系统功率因数,同时也能抑制整流器输出直流侧电压波动以及实现电容电压均衡。最后在硬件平台上进行实验验证,实验结果表明该控制策略具有抑制输出电压纹波、功率因数高、系统稳定性好等优点。与传统方法相比,该控制方法控制简单,易于工程实践.

基于VIENNA永磁风电系统的自适应反推控制研究

针对永磁同步电机存在非线性项的不确定性以及系统参数摄动产生的不利影响,提出一种基于VIENNA永磁风电系统的自适应反推控制策略。采用VIENNA整流拓扑实现整机功率密度的最大化,降低谐波干扰,提升系统的可靠性。通过自适应反推控制得到系统控制律和参数自适应律,解决了系统的非线性,实现了对定子电阻和负载转矩的参数自适应,从而提高了系统的抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明,该控制系统具有较强的鲁棒性。

双闭环控制的三相电压型PWM整流器的研究

针对传统的不控整流电路中网侧电流谐波很大、晶闸管相控整流电路中深控时网侧功率因数低和闭环控制时动态响应慢等问题,设计出一种引入脉冲宽度调制技术的三相电压型整流器。在完成三相电压型整流器的电压外环电流内环的双闭环控制系统设计的基础上,对其进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,与不控或相控整流电路相比,该三相电压型PWM整流电路中,不仅输入电流的谐波大大减小,电能可双向流动,能够实现整流和逆变状态下的单位功率因数运行,还可较好地抑制负载突变时直流侧电压的波动,从而显著提高系统的抗扰能力,真正实现绿色环保和高效节能的高度结合。

基于自适应超螺旋滑模观测器的三相Vienna整流器无模型预测电流控制

三相Vienna整流器具有不需要考虑开关死区、可靠性高等优点,但参数易受外部扰动影响而导致控制性能下降。针对这些问题,该文提出一种基于自适应超螺旋滑模观测器的无模型预测电流控制策略(ASTSMO-MFPCC)。首先,通过分析三相Vienna整流器参数失配数学模型,构建不依赖系统物理参数的超局部模型。其次,设计超螺旋滑模观测器估计超局部模型中的动态部分,有效抑制系统扰动影响。同时,设计自适应增益,动态调整超螺旋滑模观测器参数,解决增益选择难题。最后,构建离散化预测模型和成本函数,实现无模型预测电流控制算法。仿真与实验结果表明,所提策略具有良好的鲁棒性和动稳态性能。

基于STM32的SWISS整流器研究与设计

SWISS整流器具有输出功率高、输出电压可调、易高频化等特点,十分适合用于电动汽车大功率充电、数据中心、通信基站等大功率变换场合。文中提出一种采用STM32F334单片机控制的SWISS整流器设计方案,利用电压电流PI双闭环控制策略实现对输出电压的精确控制,并进行控制算法的设计,实现系统功率因数校正的功能。设计SWISS整流器的硬件电路方案,并给出元件参数计算及选型方法。制作400 V/1 000 W样机对所提出的方案进行实验验证。结果表明:系统功率因数在额定功率下可达0.998,转换效率可达97.37%,并具有较快的响应速度;在半载满载切换时,动态调节时间小于70 ms,且电压超调量最大为10%。验证了所提方案的可行性。

改进的单相三电平PWM整流器中点电位平衡模型预测控制

针对单相三电平脉冲整流器存在中点电位不平衡问题,提出一种评价函数,在模型预测算法的基础上增加了一个评价因子,在无需额外的中点电位平衡模块条件下实现了单相三电平脉冲整流器中点电位平衡。为降低硬件设计成本,提高电路可靠性,采用无网压传感器算法,但传统的无网压传感器会因引入一阶低通滤波器而产生相位偏移和幅值衰减的问题;为解决相位和幅值问题,提出一种改进的无网压传感器算法,利用α-β的垂直关系进行幅值和相位补偿,得到无相位偏移和幅值衰减的网侧交流电压。通过实验验证了所提控制方法的正确性和有效性。

基于双矢量的三电平PFC中点电位平衡无权重型模型预测控制

以三相Vienna整流器为研究对象,针对有限集模型预测控制FCS-MPC(finite control set model predictive control)实现中点电位平衡控制时权重因子选取困难,采样周期内作用单一矢量引起网侧电流纹波较大的问题,提出一种基于双矢量的无权重型模型预测控制UF-MPC(unweighted factor model predictive control)策略。首先,构建基于功率预测的单目标价值函数。然后,通过扇区划分同时采用无权重因子的方式来提高单次寻优效率,根据直流侧中点电位的波动优选冗余小矢量,实现无权重因子的中点电位平衡控制。在获取最优矢量的基础上,结合零矢量实现了双矢量固定开关频率控制。最后,基于RT-LAB半实物平台从稳态、暂态、中点电位波动方面进行验证,有效证明了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。

双重化PWM整流器自抗扰模型预测直接功率控制

针对车载双重化脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)整流器控制性能易受到模型不确定性和列车运行条件(输入电压、功率等级、电路参数等)变化影响的问题,提出一种基于自抗扰控制(active disturbance rejection control,ADRC)和模型预测直接功率控制(model predictive direct power control,MPDPC)的双闭环控制算法。其中,外环基于自抗扰控制理论,构建了基于误差驱动的ADRC(error-based ADRC,EADRC)控制器调节直流侧电压;内环结合基于内模原理的功率补偿方案使用两步MPDPC算法实现电流信号的控制。仿真和实验将所提自抗扰模型预测直接功率控制(ADRC-MPDPC)算法与传统基于比例积分的直接功率控制(proportional integral-based direct power control,PI-DPC)算法和PI-MPDPC方法进行对比,结果表明所提策略在系统启动、负载变化及工况切换等场景表现出更优的动态特性和鲁棒性能。