Total thyroidectomy is safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Objective:To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy.Methods:Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively.Patients were divided into two groups:RLN identified (Group A)or not(Group B).The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia.Results:The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A,and 63 and 121 in Group B,respectively.RLN injury in Group A(0)was sig- nificantly lower than that in Group B(57.9%)patients,75.8%nerves)for the numbers of patients(P=0.016)and nerves at risk (P=0.006).Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B(1424.1%vs 610.3%,P=0.049). Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A(1320.6%vs 45.6%,P=0.009).Con- clusion:RLN injury was prevented and permanent complications were decreased by identifying the whole course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerate nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

Medialization thyroplasty or injection laryngoplasty for unilateral vocal fold paralysis cannot restore mobility of the vocal fold. Recent studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the repair of nerve injuries. This study investigated wheth- er adipose-derived stem celt transplantation could repair recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Rat models of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were established by crushing with micro forceps. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADSCs; 8 ×105） or differentiated Schwann-like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （dADSCs; 8×105） or extracellular matrix were injected at the site of injury. At 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery, a higher density of myelinated nerve fiber, thicker myelin sheath, improved vocal fold movement, better recovery of nerve conduction capacity and reduced thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy were found in ADSCs and dADSCs groups compared with the extracellu- lar matrix group. The effects were more pronounced in the ADSCs group than in the dADSCs group. These experimental results indicated that ADSCs transplantation could be an early interventional strategy to promote regeneration after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

Novel technique for lymphadenectomy along left recurrent laryngeal nerve during thoracoscopic esophagectomy

BACKGROUND In esophageal squamous carcinoma,lymphadenectomy along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN)is recommended owing to its highly metastatic potential.However,this procedure is difficult due to limited working space in the left upper mediastinum,and increases postoperative complications.AIM To present a novel method for lymphadenectomy along the left RLN during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the semi-prone position.METHODS The fundamental concept of this novel method is to exfoliate a bilateral pedicled nerve flap,which is a two-dimensional membrane,which includes the left RLN,lymph nodes(LNs)along the left RLN,and tracheoesophageal vessels,by suspending the esophagus to the dorsal side and pushing the trachea to the ventral side(named“bilateral exposure method”).Then,the hollow-out method is performed to transform the two-dimensional membrane to a three-dimensional structure,in which the left RLN and tracheoesophageal vessels are easily distinguished and preserved during lymphadenectomy along the left RLN.This novel method was retrospectively evaluated in 116 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma from August 2016 to February 2018.RESULTS There were 58 patients in each group.No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age,gender,postoperative pneumonia,anastomotic fistula,and postoperative hospitalization.However,the number of dissected LNs along the left RLN in this novel method was significantly higher than that in the conventional method(4.17±0.359 vs 2.93±0.463,P=0.0447).Moreover,the operative time and the rate of postoperative hoarseness in the novel method were significantly lower than those in the conventional method(306.0±6.774 vs 335.2±7.750,P=0.0054;4/58 vs 12/58,P=0.0312).CONCLUSION This novel method for lymphadenectomy along the left RLN during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the semi-prone position is much safer and more effective.

Schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in a thyroid cancer patient: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Schwannoma rarely originates from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and there are few reports on schwannoma originating from the recurrent nerve in the mediastinum. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck.CASE SUMMARY This is a case report of one patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer with schwannoma originating from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck, which was incidentally found during a thyroidectomy, and a review of the literature.CONCLUSION Preoperative diagnostic examinations are of less use for detecting schwannoma originating from a recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck in such small size, which may only incidentally be found during a thyroidectomy. Surgical excision with opening the capsule and shelling out the tumor is the treatment of choice. If the nerve is unable to be preserved, end-to-end recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis may be a simple and minimally invasive reconstruction procedure to improve phonation.

Experience of Cervical Plexus Reinnervation for Patients with Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Invasion or Injury

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical and therapeutic effects of cervical plexus reinnervation for infiltrated or injured unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve （URLN）. METHODS Functional neck dissection for removal of differentiated thyroid carcinoma （DTC） in patients was performed, in which cervical plexus reinnervation was adopted for patients with stage I disease and URLN with injury or with tumor invasion. Outcomes of surgery were evaluated by examination under fibrolaryngoscope, and the patients＇ voices were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS All cases were followed up for 3 mon-2 years （average 8 mon）. Abductory motion of the vocal cords of 15 patients was completely or partly restored, but 3 patients＇ vocal cords were immovable. The recovery rate of abductory motion of the paralyzed vocal cords was 83.33% （15/18）. The function of phonation in the 16 patients was restored to normal or near normal limits, and their hoarseness was improved significantly. CONCLUSION Cervical plexus-URLN reinnervation should be considered when treating patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Removing the tumor simultaneously with cervical plexus reinnervation during surgery for repair of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was convenient and easy to perform with less functional damage compared with other methods of reinnervation. The abductory motion of vocal cord could be satisfactorily restored by this reinnervation. Surgical performance skills and application of neurotrophic drugs were important for the success of the surgery.

Applied anatomy of the cervical region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE： To avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） injury during thyroid surgery, it is important to identify the nerve and to follow its projection carefully to discriminate it from the inferior thyroid artery. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： All studies were performed at the Anatomy Division of Shaoyang Medical College from May 2003 to May 2004 with repeated measurement design. MATERIALS： Fifty embalmed adult corpses, comprising 20 females and 30 males, were obtained by donation. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The projection, branches, and the relationship of the RLN to the inferior thyroid artery were observed. RESULTS： The RLN in all cases ascended through the tracheoesophageal groove at the isthmus superior levels of the thyroid gland. However, the RLN in 14 cases were situated inferior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland; 11 cases were to the right side and 2 cases to the left side, projected in the tracheoesophageal groove, and ascended away from the groove after 4.5-6.5 mm. The RLN typically ramified at the thyroid isthmus plane （44 cases, 44% of all cases）. The RLN branches were variable. Type 2 rami were most common in the RLN, accounting for 55%; the second most common was RLN branches with no rami. RLN braches with type 3 rami, 4 rami, and 5 rami were less common. Approximately 54% of nerves were situated behind the main branch artery. The nerves located adjacent to the arteries, and between the arterial branches, were similar; the former applied to 19 cases, accounting for 19%, whereas the latter applied to 18 cases, accounting for 18%. Left nerves behind the artery, and right nerves before the artery, were more common. There were significant differences between the left and right nerves （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： There was not a significant difference in the projection of the RLN, while a significant difference in the number of RLN branches existed. In addition, the anatomical relationship of the RLN and the inferior thyroid artery exhibited side differences.

Anatomical Variations of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: The Danger in Thyroid Surgery

Objectives: We report two types of anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in two patients. Through these two patients we wanted to highlight our surgical approach of the recurrent nerve in an unusual position and to describe the surgical implication of these almost rare variations. Case report: patient aged 28 and 58 admitted for goiter. They underwent a right lobisthmectomy. Both recurrences were approached retrograde. The anatomical variations of the nerve concerned the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve in the first patient. In the second patient there were three anatomical variations, namely an extra laryngeal bifurcation of the nerve, a pre-vascular position of the nerve and a branch connecting the vagus nerve and the recurrent nerve. No recurrence nerve injury was noted. Conclusion: The anatomical variations of the nerve are numerous. A careful dissection is a guarantee of a good prognosis.

Clinical Significance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Exposure During Esophagogastric Anastomosis of the Neck

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical value in a comparison between intraoperative exposure and non-exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） of the neck during left neck esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of carcinomas of the middle and inferior-segment esophagus. METHODS From January 2003 to April 2009, 237 patients were selected to undergo resection of esophageal squamous carcinoma via posteroexternal incision of the left chest plus gastroesophageal anastomosis at the left neck incision. The 237 cases were divided into 2 groups： 115 of the total cases were in group A （the study group）, cases of resections with neck RLN exposure. Of the patients in this group, 64 were male and 51 female, with a mean age of 49 ranging from 31 to 73 years. Another 122 cases were in group B （the control group）, cases of resections without neck RLN exposure. In this group, 51 of the patients were male and 71 female, with a mean age of 45 ranging from 33 to 75 years. In the 2 groups, there were 9 cases in total with symptoms induced by RLN injury. RESULTS Hoarseness, choking cough when drinking, and difficult expectoration were found in 1 of the cases （1/115） in group A （0.087%）, while there were 8 cases （8/122） presenting with these symptoms in group B （6.5%）. There is statistical signi.cance in the di.erences of RLN injury between the 2 groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION Analysis of study cases of esophageal carcinoma resection with left-neck esophagogastric anastomosis in the 2 groups indicated that the exposure of the RLN in group A resulted in an obviously lower rate of neck RLN injury after the surgery, compared to group B, where the RLN was not exposed. Exposure can lead to the avoidance of complications induced by RLN injury, such as dysarthria and choking cough when eating. As a result, satisfactory expectoration, which would diminish the incidence of pulmonary complications, can be reached allowing the patients to recover as early as possible. The results of our study suggest that the exposure of the RLN during the left -neck esophagogastric anastomosis has signi.cant clinical value, and that this approach can be recommended with con.dence.

Clinical significance and characteristics of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal cancer

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and characteristics of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty-four patients who had undergone thoracic esophageal resection with recurrent laryngealnerve lymph node dissection in our hospital from March 2007 to February 2010. All clinical data were retrospectively analysed. Results Recurrent laryngeal

Electrophysiological neuromonitoring of the laryngeal nerves in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: A review

Recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) injury is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is less obvious and affects the voice variably; however, it can be of great significance to professional voice users. Recent literature has led to an increase in the use of neuromonitoring as an adjunct to visual nerve identification during thyroid surgery. In our review of the literature, we discuss the application, efficacy and safety of neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery. Although intraoperative neuromonitoring(IONM) contributes to the prevention of laryngeal nerves injury, there was no significant difference in the incidence of RLN injury in thyroid surgery when IONM was used compared with visual identification alone. IONM use is recommended in high risk patients; however, there are no clear identification criteria for what constitutes "high risk". There is no clear evidence that IONM decreases the risk of laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgery. However, continuous IONM provides a promising tool that can prevent imminent nerve traction injury by detecting decreased amplitude combined with increased latency.

T4a期甲状腺癌外科治疗的临床经验报告

目的分析T4a期甲状腺癌的临床特点及外科治疗策略。方法回顾性纳入2004年1月至2021年5月间在四川省肿瘤医院头颈外科住院手术的甲状腺恶性肿瘤患者,共计纳入T4a的甲状腺癌病例303例,分析患者的病理分型、受侵器官、手术方式、生存时间等。分析患者的总生存率,使用Kaplan Meier法分析患者术后生存曲线。结果在入组的303例患者中,共计53例患者失访,1年总生存率为98.4%(246/250),3年总生存率为97.0%(224/231),5年总生存率为90.2%(92/102)。其中喉返神经单独受侵94例,失访13例,1年总生存率为100%(81/81),3年总生存率为98.7%(77/78),5年总生存率为97.4%(38/39)。喉返神经合并气管/喉/食道受侵151例,失访31例,1年总生存率为96.7%(116/120),3年总生存率为95.3%(101/106),5年总生存率为82.2%(37/45)。在生存曲线分析中,喉返神经单独受侵组较喉返神经合并气管、喉或食道等器官受侵组在总生存时间上存在优势。结论T4a期甲状腺癌如果有手术机会,应该首选手术切除,通过合理的手术策略,根治性手术的同时重视重要组织器官的一期修复重建,患者可获得较好的生活质量和预后。

经颈超声检查评估咽喉部手术患者声带运动异常的价值

目的探讨经颈超声检查评估咽喉部手术患者声带运动异常的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月在海南省人民医院行甲状腺或咽喉部手术的49例患者纳入研究,所有患者术前及甲状腺患者术后均行喉镜及颈部超声检查声带运动情况,以喉镜评估声带运动为金标准,比较经颈超声与喉镜检查在评估声带运动方面有无差异。结果49例患者中行甲状腺肿瘤手术34例,术前超声检查显示声带区28例,超声与喉镜检查声带运动均正常。术后喉镜及超声检查均发现2例患者一侧声带固定,另喉镜提示1例患者一侧声带运动减弱,超声检查无阳性发现。喉部手术患者15例,均为喉癌;超声显示声带区结构的12例患者术前喉镜提示9例一侧声带固定,超声均正确诊断;另超声提示2例气道狭窄,声带运动减弱,因气道狭窄喉镜检查无法窥探至声带平面。将40例超声及喉镜均可显示声带区患者的声带运动情况进行比较,两者具有高度的一致性(Kappa值=0.826,P<0.001)。结论经颈超声检查作为一种非侵入式检查手段对部分患者声带运动情况的评估结果与喉镜检查结果具有高度的一致性,且简便易行,患者无需特殊准备,检查过程无痛苦,具有临床应用价值。

局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌累及喉神经临床特征及复发因素分析

目的探讨局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)累及喉神经患者超声指标[收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)]、客观声学指标等临床特征及术后复发的危险因素。方法回顾性选取2020年3月~2022年3月在我院治疗的累及喉神经的80例局部晚期DTC患者资料,另选取80例未累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者资料,对超声指标、客观声学指标进行比较。所有患者均采用甲状腺癌根治术治疗,并在术后随访24个月,根据是否复发分为复发组和未复发组。采用单因素及二元Logistic回归分析术后复发的危险因素。结果超声指标显示累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者PSV值和RI值显著高于未累及喉神经患者。客观声学指标显示累及喉神经组的F0在男性患者及女性患者中均较低,Jitter值和Shimmer值均较高,MPT显著较短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间患者均存活,累及喉神经的患者中9例复发,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、肿瘤直径、术前声带麻痹、喉、气管及食管侵犯、术前淋巴结转移是术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥55岁、肿瘤直径≥4cm、术前淋巴结转移、喉气管及食管侵犯、术前声带麻痹是累及喉神经的局部晚期DTC患者术后复发的危险因素,术前超声指标及客观声学指标等可以为评估喉神经功能状态提供重要的参考信息。

甲状腺全切除术对甲状腺癌患者术后并发症及复发率的影响

目的分析甲状腺全切除术对甲状腺癌患者术后并发症及复发率的影响。方法将我院2020年1月至2022年11月收治的70例甲状腺癌患者纳入本次研究,所有患者均予以甲状腺全切除术治疗。统计患者的手术疗效、手术指标、术后并发症发生情况、复发率、甲状腺功能指标及生化指标。结果患者的治疗总有效率为97.14%(68/70);患者的平均手术时长、术中出血量、住院时长分别为(91.01±10.12)min、(235.24±32.17)mL、(17.14±2.42)d;并发症总发生率为7.14%;1年内的复发率为1.43%(1/70)。术后,患者的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状原氨酸(T_(3))、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_(4))、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、25-羟维生素D(25-OHD)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)水平显著低于术前,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_(3))、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_(4))水平显著高于术前(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺癌患者行甲状腺全切除术治疗具有较高病灶切除率,且复发率较低,但对喉返神经损伤较大,术后并发症较高,在临床应用中可根据患者具体情况选择。

经皮针状电极在甲状腺术中喉返神经监测的研究

目的比较经皮针状电极和经口插管表面电极用于甲状腺术中神经监测的异同,并探讨在不适合经口插管或表面电极故障时,如何识别和保护喉返神经和迷走神经。方法收集并分析32例因甲状腺疾病接受手术治疗患者的临床资料,共计监测喉返神经和迷走神经各40侧,分别使用经口插管表面电极及经皮针状电极对神经进行监测,记录所获取的振幅及潜伏期。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,采用配对t检验对潜伏期进行分析比较,采用秩和检验分析经皮针状电极与经口插管表面电极刺激所得振幅是否有差异。结果经皮针状电极用于甲状腺术中神经监测时,所有神经均被识别并获得与经口插管表面电极潜伏期和振幅相似的双相肌电信号,并可通过潜伏期有效鉴别喉返神经和迷走神经[(3.22±0.50)ms vs.(3.85±1.00)ms,P<0.05],与经口插管表面电极的监测效果[(3.04±0.58)ms vs.(3.89±1.07)ms,P<0.05]无明显差异;同时,经皮针状电极可视化操作度及安全性都更高,具有很大优势。结论经皮针状电极可有效辅助识别并保护喉返神经和迷走神经,是经口插管表面电极的重要补充。

甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹神经电刺激治疗的初步研究

目的回顾性分析甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹患者接受选择性喉神经电刺激治疗的远期疗效,探讨喉神经电刺激在甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹治疗中的作用。方法选取2020年1月~2023年5月就诊于西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊,既往行甲状腺切除手术并经频闪喉镜及喉肌电图检查诊断为单侧声带麻痹的患者42例,病程为15 d~6年,喉肌电图检查时给予喉神经电刺激治疗,检查前后均完善频闪喉镜及主客观嗓音参数检查,并录音频保存,于治疗后1年进行随访,评估患者声嘶恢复情况。结果电刺激治疗后,28例患者声嘶立刻改善,自觉发音费力明显缓解,且声门闭合较前改善,频闪喉镜下可观察到黏膜波。嗓音评分ΔR、ΔB、ΔH的改变有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。嗓音障碍严重指数(dysphonia severity index,DSI)较刺激前明显增高,差异有统计学意义;最长发音时间(maximum pronunciation time,MPT)较刺激前延长,但差异无统计学意义;基频微扰(Jitter)和振幅微扰(Shimmer)未见明显改变。电刺激治疗后1年随访,失访6例,随访36例,痊愈为58.3%(21/36),好转13.9%(5/36),未愈27.8%(10/36)。电刺激治疗有效28例,失访2例,随访时痊愈19例,好转4例,有效率为88.5%(23/26)。结论喉神经电刺激治疗可以改善甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹患者的声嘶,对其神经恢复期间的声音质量具有明显的改善作用。

解剖系膜法在胸腔镜食管癌左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中的应用

目的:对比解剖系膜法和传统方法在胸腔镜食管癌左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中的效果、并发症及愈合。方法:收集2017年1月—2018年6月在南京医科大学第一附属医院行胸腔镜联合食管癌根治术(Mckeown术式)患者168例,其中解剖系膜法行左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫100例,传统手术方法68例,对比2种淋巴结清扫方法患者手术资料、围手术期并发症等,Cox回归分析左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫方式是否为影响食管癌患者无病生存期(disease⁃free survival,DFS)的独立危险因素。结果:两组患者手术时间[(191.5±19.6)min vs(.197.2±16.7)min]、平均住院时间[(12.5±2.4)d vs(.12.1±2.1)d]、术中出血量[(138.8±52.4)mL vs(.132.7±43.3)mL]等差异无统计学意义,改良组左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫数量较传统方式明显增多[(2.93±1.19)个vs(.2.57±0.98)个,P=0.036],而喉返神经损伤比例明显降低(2%vs.13%,P=0.010)。多因素Cox回归分析提示,左侧喉返神经链淋巴结清扫方式、TNM分期、肿瘤分化程度是影响食管癌生存期的独立危险因素(P=0.012、0.037、0.045)。结论:解剖系膜法清扫左喉返神经链淋巴结可明显降低食管癌手术后并发症,有效提高食管癌术后无病生存期,解剖系膜法在左喉返神经链淋巴结清扫中具有较大应用价值。

纳米碳技术在清扫cN0期PTMC喉返神经区域淋巴结中的应用价值研究

目的 研究使用纳米碳技术清扫cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)喉返神经(RLN)区域淋巴结的临床价值。方法 108例cN0期PTMC患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组54例。观察组在清扫RLN后方淋巴结术前于甲状腺内注射0.2~0.3 ml纳米碳混悬液,对照组不注射纳米碳悬浮液。手术采用患侧甲状腺腺叶、峡部切除+患侧中央区淋巴结清扫方法;双侧PTMC患者,则采用甲状腺全切除+双颈中央区淋巴结清扫方法 ,部分侧颈淋巴结出现转移者加行侧颈淋巴结清扫术。比较两组手术时间和术中出血量,手术前后血钙(Ca)、血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平,术后声音嘶哑、暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下、低血钙等并发症发生情况,平均淋巴结检出数、阳性淋巴结检出数及甲状旁腺误切、RLN损伤情况。结果 两组手术时间和术中出血量比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术前,两组血Ca、血清PTH水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,观察组血Ca、血清PTH水平分别为(2.28±0.09)mmol/L、(31.02±10.97)ng/L,高于对照组的(2.21±0.10)mmol/L、(26.59±11.48)ng/L,有显著差异(P<0.05);术后1个月,两组血Ca、血清PTH水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组术后声音嘶哑、低血钙发生率分别为3.7%、16.7%,显著低于对照组的14.8%、33.3%,有显著差异(P<0.05);两组暂时性甲状腺功能低下发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组平均淋巴结检出数(7.37±1.82)枚、阳性淋巴结检出数(2.41±0.86)枚多于对照组的(6.57±1.92)、(1.98±0.88)枚,甲状旁腺误切率9.3%、RLN损伤率3.7%低于对照组的24.1%、14.8%,有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 采用纳米碳技术清扫cN0期PTMC患者RLN区域淋巴结,提高了淋巴结检出率,降低了甲状旁腺误切率,保护了RLN,值得推广应用。

甲状腺全切术治疗对DTC患者炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响及其与喉返神经损伤的相关性

目的:探究甲状腺全切术治疗对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响及其与喉返神经(RLN)损伤的相关性。方法:选取285例DTC患者为研究对象。所有患者均行甲状腺全切术治疗。记录患者围术期指标、RLN损伤情况。比较患者术前、术后12、24 h及3、7、30 d的炎性反应指标[白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、神经营养因子[脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)]水平,同时比较有无RLN损伤患者术后12 h的上述指标水平。采用Pearson法分析炎性反应指标、神经营养因子水平之间的相关性。结果:手术时间(88.35±7.64)min;术中出血量(23.24±6.98)mL;术后引流量(97.41±14.23)mL;术后住院时间(7.56±3.54)d。患者IL-6、CRP及TNF-α水平均随时间发展而呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.05)。患者BDNF、NGF水平均随时间发展而呈先降低后升高的趋势(P<0.05)。患者RLN损伤发生率为13.68%。RLN损伤组术后12 h的IL-6、CRP及TNF-α水平高于无RLN损伤组(P<0.05),BDNF、NGF水平低于无RLN损伤组(P<0.05)。RLN损伤组患者IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均随时间发展而呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.05),而BDNF、NGF水平均随时间发展而呈先降低后升高的趋势(P<0.05)。IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平之间及BDNF、NGF之间均呈正相关关系(P<0.05),IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平与BDNF、NGF水平均呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切术治疗DTC患者具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快的优点,对炎性反应、神经营养因子的影响较为轻微;但该手术会引起一定的RLN损伤,且炎性反应和神经营养因子均与RLN损伤有密切联系。

食管癌术中喉返神经损伤因素的研究进展

食管癌患者淋巴结转移率高,其中双侧喉返神经旁淋巴结转移率高达19.8%~37.6%。在食管癌根治性淋巴结清扫过程中,喉返神经旁淋巴结的清扫可改善预后,同样也会增加喉返神经损伤风险,导致患者术后出现声音嘶哑及肺炎等并发症,降低术后生活质量。需要术者注重喉返神经的保护,完善术前检查,确定手术流程,合理使用术中仪器,提高术中操作水平。本文就术中神经检测、手术方式、淋巴结清扫范围、术者个人因素、喉返神经旁淋巴结的检查方式等对术中喉返神经损伤的影响展开综述。