Study on Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete in High-Temperature and Complex Environments

Recycled aggregate concrete refers to a new type of concrete material made by processing waste concrete materials through grading,crushing,and cleaning,and then mixing them with cement,water,and other materials in a certain gradation or proportion.This type of concrete is highly suitable for modern construction waste disposal and reuse and has been widely used in various construction projects.It can also be used as an environmentally friendly permeable brick material to promote the development of modern green buildings.However,practical applications have found that compared to ordinary concrete,the durability of this type of concrete is more susceptible to high-temperature and complex environments.Based on this,this paper conducts theoretical research on its durability in high-temperature and complex environments,including the current research status,existing problems,and application prospects of recycled aggregate concrete’s durability in such environments.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some reference for studying the influence of high-temperature and complex environments on recycled aggregate concrete and its subsequent application strategies.

Physical Model of Drying Shrinkage of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

We prepared concretes（RC0, RC30, and RC100） with three different mixes. The poresize distribution parameters of RAC were examined by high-precision mercury intrusion method（MIM） and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） imaging. A capillary-bundle physical model with random-distribution pores（improved model, IM） was established according to the parameters, and dry-shrinkage strain values were calculated and verified. Results show that in all pore types, capillary pores, and gel pores have the greatest impacts on concrete shrinkage, especially for pores 2.5-50 and 50-100 nm in size. The median radii are 34.2, 31, and 34 nm for RC0, RC30, and RC100, respectively. Moreover, the internal micropore size distribution of RC0 differs from that of RC30 and RC100, and the pore descriptions of MIM and NMR are consistent both in theory and in practice. Compared with the traditional capillary-bundle model, the calculated results of IM have higher accuracy as demonstrated by experimental verifi cation.

Freeze-thaw Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete:An Overview

The characteristics of surface appearances,mass loss,relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength loss of different recycled aggregate concretes(RAC) exposed to freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed.It was found that the freeze-thaw resistance of RAC could be determined by the recycled aggregate compositions and admixtures.Both the saturation degree and the air void structure were the key factors influencing the freeze-thaw damage on concrete.Some major proposed freeze-thaw deterioration mechanisms were utilized to interpret the freeze-thaw damage on recycled aggregate concrete.Meanwhile,some potential measures to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete were summarized and discussed.

Influence of CDW Recycled Aggregate on Drying Shrinkage of Mortar

The use of fine recycled aggregates as raw material in the production of mortars appears as a good alternative to minimize waste disposal, so as to reduce natural resources consumption and to find and supply suitable substitutes for natural aggregates. However, the use of this alternative material in a safe way must be carried out by a wide investigation of its long term behavior. In this way, this paper will examine the mechanical strength, physical properties and drying shrinkage of mortar, which use recycled fine aggregates that have originated from construction and demolition waste (CDW) containing mortar (55%), ceramic (26%) and concrete (16%). Two natural mortars, made with natural sand, were produced with cement/sand ratios of 1:4 and 1:8 (by weight) and a fixed consistency index of 260 +10 mm. Recycled mortar was produced with 50% of substitution rate, in volume, of natural aggregate by recycled one. Results show that recycled mortars present higher total porosity, absorption rate and drying shrinkage than reference mortar.

Compressive Strength, Pore Size Distribution and Chloride-ion Penetration of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Class-F Fly Ash

The effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, pore size distribution and chloride-ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete were investigated. Two series of concrete mb：tures were prepared. The concrete mixtures in series I had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.55 and 410 kg/ m^3 , respectively. The concrete rnixtures in series II had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.45 and 400 kg/ ml respectively. Recycled aggregate was ased as 20% , 50% , and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete mixtures in both series. In cutdition, fly ash was used as 0% , 25% and 35% by weight replacements of cement. The results show that the compressive strengths of the concrete decreased as the recycled aggregate and the fly ash contents increased. The total porosity and average porosity diameter of the concrete increased us the recycled aggregate content increased. Furtherrruore , an increase in the recycled aggregate content decreased the resistance to chloride ion penetration. Nevertheless, the replacement of cement by 25% fly ush improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration and pore diameters and reduced the total porosity of the recycled aggregate concrete.

Improving performance of recycled aggregate concrete with superfine pozzolanic powders

Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufacturing method named ＂W3T4＂ was proposed to improve the performances of interracial transition zone （ITZ） between recycled aggregate and mortar. The mechanical properties and the durability of RAC were tested, which show that this new manufacturing method improves the properties of RAC, and the GGBS with finest size makes a great contribution to the performance of RAC due to its better filling effect and much earlier pozzolanic reaction. Combined with GGBS, the effects of PHS on the retardation of setting time can be alleviated and the synergistic effect helps to make a more compact RAC. For the RAC with 25% of the recycled aggregate （RA） replacement and 10% PHS ＋ 10% GGBS additives, the compressive strength increases by 25.4%, but the permeability decreases by 64.3% with respect to the reference concrete made with nature aggregates. The micro-mechanisms of these improvements were investigated by the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The SEM images show that the new manufacturing method, adding superfine pozzolanic powders and super-plasticizer benefits, makes a much denser ITZ in RAC.

Progress in developing self-consolidating concrete(SCC)constituting recycled concrete aggregates:A review

Recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)derived from demolition waste has been widely explored for use in civil engineering applications.One of the promising strategies globally is to incorporate RCA into concrete products.However,the use of RCA in high-performance concrete,such as self-consolidating concrete(SCC),has only been studied in the past decade.This paper summarizes recent publications on the use of coarse and/or fine RCA in SCC.As expected,the high-water absorption and porous structure of RCA have posed challenges in producing a high-fluidity mixture.According to an analysis of published data,a lower strength reduction(within 23%regardless of coarse RCA content)is observed in SCC compared with vibrated concrete,possibly due to the higher paste content in the SCC matrix,which enhances the weak surface layer of RCA and interfacial transition zone.Similarly,SCC tends to become less durable with RCA substitution although the deterioration can be minimized by using treated RCA through removing or strengthening the adhered mortar.To date,the information reported on the role of RCA in the long-term performance of SCC is still limited;thus,a wide range of research is needed to demonstrate the feasibility of RCA–SCC in field applications.

Recycled Aggregates:Production,Properties and Value-added Sustainable Applications

Part of an extensive research undertaken by the Concrete and Masonry Research Group at Kingston University-London was reported to demonstrate through scientific research and full-scale site trials,that quality recycled concrete aggregates can be produced and can be used successfully in a range of concrete applications.The effects of up to 100% coarse recycled concrete aggregate（RCA） on fresh,engineering and durability related properties were established and assessed its suitability for use in a rage of sustainable applications.

Evaluation of Corrosion Degradation Law of Recycled Reinforced Concrete in Saline Soil Under Electrified Environment

In order to investigate the corrosion mechanism of recycled reinforced concrete (RRC) under harsh environments,four recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) contents were selected,and saline soil was used as an electrolyte to perform electrified accelerated corrosion experiments.The relative dynamic elastic modulus and relative corrosion current density were considered to describe the deterioration law of the RRC in saline soil.The results indicated that as the energization time increased,the corrosion current density,corrosion potential,and polarization resistance of the steel bar decreased gradually.Compared with ordinary reinforced concrete,when the RCA content was 30%,the ability of the RRC to resist corrosion was improved slightly;however,when the RCA content exceeded 30%,the corrosion resistance of the RRC deteriorated rapidly.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that for a dense RRC,less corrosion products were generated in the pores inside the concrete and on the surface of the steel bar.X-ray diffraction results indicated that SO_(4)^(2-) can generate ettringite and other corrosion products,along with volume expansion.The main corrosion products generated on the surface of the steel bars included Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4) and FeO(OH),which were the corrosion products generated by steel bars under natural environments.Therefore,using saline soil as an electrolyte is more consistent with the actual service environments of RRC.Both the relative dynamic mode and relative corrosion current density of the degradation parameters conform to the Weibull distribution;furthermore,the relative dynamic mode is more sensitive and the corresponding reliability curve can better describe the degradation law of RRC under saline soil environments.

The Impact of Marine Water on Different Types of Coarse Aggregate of Geopolymer Concrete

This research studies the impact of different types of coarse aggregate on the behavior of geopolymer concrete based on both fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different marine environments. Aiming to solve the problems caused by the construction and demolition waste and the depletion of natural aggregates, in the present study coarse recycled aggregates is used to produce new green concrete with a fly ash-slag based geopolymer. By this examination, the research seeks to improve the quality and productivity of concrete used in construction and hydraulic projects. For this research, four mixtures containing different types of coarse aggregate in two different water environments were used. The utilized mixtures contained natural aggregate concrete (NAC) such as basalt and crushed marble. Also, recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC), which totally replaced natural aggregate, was presented in this paper such as crushed concrete and crushed ceramic. For this study, in the sieve analysis;specific and unit weights, was recorded. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined, using a compressive test that was conducted on the 7th, 28th, 56th and 90th days at different water environments;potable water (PW) and sea water (SW). Durability test was also performed for total absorption measurement. Results indicated that geopolymer concrete exhibits better strength in marine environments than in those of potable water. Results also showed that crushed marble (CMA) exhibits higher compressive strength and durability.

Preparation of Novel Core-shell Non-sintered Lightweight Aggregate and Its Application in Wallboard for Better Properties

Due to the relatively high density of conventional non-sintered lightweight aggregate(NLA),a low-density core-shell NLA(CNLA) was developed.Moreover,two types of porous lightweight aggregate concrete (PLAC) for wallboard were designed,using both foam and lightweight aggregates.The effects of LA on lightweight concrete workability,compressive strength,dry shrinkage,and thermal conductivity were studied and compared.The bulk density of CNLA can be lowered to 500 kg/m^(3),and its cylinder crushing strength is 1.6 MPa.PLACs also have compressive strengths ranging from 7.8 to 11.8 MPa,as well as thermal conductivity coefficients ranging from 0.193 to 0.219 W/(m·K^(-1)).The CNLA bonds better to the paste matrix at the interface transition zone,and CNLA concrete has a superior pore structure than SLA concrete,resulting in a 20% improvement in fluidity,a 10% increase in strength,a 6% reduction in heat conductivity,and an 11% decrease in drying shrinkage.

A new systematic firefly algorithm for forecasting the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete

This study presents a new systematic algorithm to optimize the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete.The proposed algorithm integrates machine learning with a new version of the firefly algorithm called chaotic based firefly algorithm(CFA)to evolve a rational and efficient predictive model.The CFA optimizer is augmented with chaotic maps and Levy flight to improve the firefly performance in forecasting the chloride penetrability of strengthened recycled aggregate concrete(RAC).A comprehensive and credible database of distinctive chloride migration coefficient results is used to establish the developed algorithm.A dataset composite of nine effective parameters,including concrete components and fundamental characteristics of recycled aggregate(RA),is used as input to predict the migration coefficient of strengthened RAC as output,k-fold cross validation algorithm is utilized to validate the hybrid algorithm.Three numerical benchmark analyses are applied to prove the superiority and applicability of the CFA algorithm in predicting chloride penetrability.Results show that the developed CFA approach significantly outperforms the firefly algorithm on almost tested functions and demonstrates powerful prediction.In addition,the proposed strategy can be an active tool to recognize the contradictions in the experimental results and can be especially beneficial for assessing the chloride resistance of RAC.

再生细骨料混凝土的性能研究进展

合理使用再生细骨料(以下简称RFA)可同时解决建筑垃圾的资源化利用问题和天然砂、石过度开采引起的环境问题。介绍了RFA的颗粒形状、空隙率、吸水率、有害物质含量等性能,总结了RFA的性能强化措施,综述了再生细骨料混凝土(以下简称RFAC)的工作性、力学性能和耐久性能,并对其机理进行了分析,可为RFA的进一步推广应用提供参考。

全再生骨料堆石混凝土性能研究

随着建筑固体废弃物排放量逐年增加,传统处理方式面临资源浪费和环境破坏等问题。本文利用再生细骨料和再生细粉制备的自密实砂浆灌注废旧混凝土块石堆积间隙,最终形成再生骨料堆石混凝土。研究结果表明,再生细粉的掺入使自密实砂浆截锥流动度和泌水率分别降低了6.1%~16.7%和7.7%~30.8%。再生细粉取代水泥降低了自密实砂浆7 d抗折强度,但对28和60 d抗折强度影响较小。再生细粉取代再生细骨料在水灰比为0.45时增加了砂浆7和28 d的抗压强度。随着养护龄期延长,堆石混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的增长速率逐渐降低,再生细粉取代再生细骨料在低水灰比下提高了混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度。混凝土的力学强度和抗冻性受到水灰比、胶凝材料含量和骨料级配的影响。

部分浸泡再生混凝土Mg^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)复合盐侵蚀耐久性损伤特征与机制

为系统研究与揭示西北地区部分掩埋再生混凝土(RAC)结构耐久性损伤特征与机制,以浓度为20%的复合盐溶液为侵蚀介质,开展了14种掺辅助胶凝材料RAC部分浸泡于复合盐溶液的耐久性试验,综合分析RAC动弹性模量、宏观与微观形貌、侵蚀产物物相组成与相对含量的经时变化规律。部分浸泡RAC沿纵向高度分为饱和区、气-液两相界面区、水分传输区及干燥区。侵蚀初期气-液两相界面区损伤程度高于饱和区;侵蚀中后期饱和区的损伤持平或超过气-液两相界面区,水分传输区损伤初现。饱和区侵蚀状态由初期的化学侵蚀转变为中后期的化学-物理双重侵蚀,气-液两相界面区在侵蚀期间均呈现出化学-物理双重侵蚀。化学侵蚀产物为水镁石、硬石膏/石膏、钙矾石、Friedel盐及碱式氯化镁;物理结晶盐包含氯镁石、白钠镁矾、氯化钠、水合硫酸镁、Na_(2)SO_(4)及芒硝,各侵蚀产物与结晶盐的相对含量均随浸泡时间延长而改变。侵蚀后期,Na_(2)SO_(4)和芒硝相互转化使RAC物理力学性能急速退化。粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC抗侵蚀性能整体较好,粉煤灰-硅灰复掺最差,后者在浸泡时间180 d时抗压强度损失率高于60%。矿渣-硅灰-偏高岭土三掺RAC耐久性显著高于粉煤灰-矿渣-偏高岭土三掺,后者在侵蚀180 d时已经溃散。四掺辅助胶凝材料RAC性能衰减速度均匀,但抗侵蚀性能仍处于较低水平,相同浸泡时间下,其耐久性指标均与粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC差距较大。

再生粗骨料强化工艺对再生混凝土力学性能及耐久性能的影响

分别采用级配强化、化学浆液强化和级配-化学浆液复合强化3种工艺对再生粗骨料进行品质提升,考察不同强化工艺对再生混凝土力学性能及耐久性能的影响。结果表明:当分形维数取2.6时,再生粗骨料的压碎指标最小,级配强化工艺对再生混凝土抗压强度的提升效果较好,但对弹性模量、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能的改善不明显;采用水泥外掺硅灰浆液强化的再生粗骨料可有效提高再生混凝土的弹性模量和抗冻性能,降低再生混凝土的碳化深度;级配-化学浆液复合强化工艺结合了两种单一强化工艺的特点,对再生混凝土力学性能和耐久性能的改善效果最佳。

玄武岩纤维再生混凝土材料研究进展

将玄武岩纤维与再生混凝土(RAC)有机结合,形成一种新型、环保的混凝土材料,两者优势互补,具有广阔的应用前景。本文对玄武岩纤维RAC材料的组分、基本力学性能、构件的力学行为、耐久性以及微观结构特征的研究现状进行了梳理和总结,指出了当前研究存在的问题和对后续研究方向的建议。

再生细骨料对超高性能混凝土的力学与自收缩性能影响

将再生细骨料应用于超高性能混凝土(UHPC)不仅能降低成本,还可实现建筑垃圾资源化利用。采用预湿状态再生细骨料制备UHPC,探究再生细骨料的粒径(0.6~<1.18 mm和1.18~2.36 mm)和不同掺量(10%、20%、30%和40%,均为体积分数)对UHPC的工作性能、力学性能、体积稳定性、抗氯离子渗透性能的影响,利用热重分析(TG-DTG)、显微硬度、压汞仪(MIP)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试方法揭示其影响机理。结果表明,再生细骨料的粒径和掺量是影响UHPC力学性能和体积稳定性的关键因素。随着预湿再生细骨料掺量增大,UHPC的流动性和自收缩值逐渐减小,但其抗压强度表现出先增大后降低的趋势,其中掺入20%预湿再生细骨料(粒径为1.18~2.36 mm)制备的UHPC性能更优,与未掺再生细骨料UHPC相比,其28 d抗压强度提升7.0%,7 d自收缩值降低了78.8%;预湿再生细骨料内养护效应有助于降低UHPC内部自干燥进程、提高水化反应程度、优化界面过度区组成结构、减少有害孔和多害孔数量。

饱和面干处理方式对再生细骨料UHPC自收缩性能的影响

采用预湿饱和面干和外加水饱和面干处理再生细骨料(RFA),并以RFA替代50%的河砂,制备超高性能混凝土(UHPC).研究不同处理方式获得的饱和面干RFA对UHPC抗压强度、内部相对湿度和自收缩性能的影响,并利用压汞分析进行机理解释.研究结果表明,当总水胶比为0.24时,与采用预湿饱和面干RFA的UHPC相比,采用外加水饱和面干RFA的UHPC中孔径大于50 nm的孔体积增多,抗压强度降低;内部相对湿度减少,自收缩增大;其28.0 d抗压强度仅降低3.2%,且7.0 d的自收缩仅提高10.5%.因此,在实际工程的UHPC中可采用外加水饱和面干RFA,以获得更好的施工效益.

再生混凝土力学性能研究现状与挑战

下文介绍了再生混凝土基本概念及其在建筑领域的重要性,并对再生混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度、耐久性等性能进行凝练,使其与普通混凝土进行比较。同时,还对再生混凝土的制造等方面提出改进方法,使其力学性能得到提升,以确保其在建筑结构中的安全可靠性;最后对其未来发展趋势和挑战进行讨论,认为再生混凝土在推广应用过程中具有广阔市场前景和应用潜力。