Influence of Recycled Concrete Fine Powder on Durability of Cement Mortar

In this paper,the durability of cement mortar prepared with a recycled-concrete fine powder(RFP)was examined;including the analysis of a variety of aspects,such as the carbonization,sulfate attack and chloride ion erosion resistance.The results indicate that the influence of RFP on these three aspects is different.The carbonization depth after 30 days and the chloride diffusion coefficient of mortar containing 10%RFP decreased by 13.3%and 28.19%.With a further increase in the RFP content,interconnected pores formed between the RFP particles,leading to an acceleration of the penetration rate of CO_(2)and Cl^(−).When the RFP content was less than 50%,the corrosion resistance coefficient of the compressive strength of the mortar was 0.84-1.05 after 90 days of sulfate attack.But the expansion and cracking of the mortar was effectively alleviated due to decrease of the gypsum production.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis has confirmed that 10%RFP contributes to the formation of a dense microstructure in the cement mortar.

Improving performance of recycled aggregate concrete with superfine pozzolanic powders

Phosphorous slag （PHS）, ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBS） and fly ash （FA） were used as replacements of Portland cement to modify the microstruc^xe of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC）. A new manufacturing method named ＂W3T4＂ was proposed to improve the performances of interracial transition zone （ITZ） between recycled aggregate and mortar. The mechanical properties and the durability of RAC were tested, which show that this new manufacturing method improves the properties of RAC, and the GGBS with finest size makes a great contribution to the performance of RAC due to its better filling effect and much earlier pozzolanic reaction. Combined with GGBS, the effects of PHS on the retardation of setting time can be alleviated and the synergistic effect helps to make a more compact RAC. For the RAC with 25% of the recycled aggregate （RA） replacement and 10% PHS ＋ 10% GGBS additives, the compressive strength increases by 25.4%, but the permeability decreases by 64.3% with respect to the reference concrete made with nature aggregates. The micro-mechanisms of these improvements were investigated by the scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The SEM images show that the new manufacturing method, adding superfine pozzolanic powders and super-plasticizer benefits, makes a much denser ITZ in RAC.

Utilization of Recycled Concrete Powder in Cement Composite:Strength,Microstructure and Hydration Characteristics

Recycled concrete powder(RCP)is used more and more in cement-based materials,but its influence on the hydration process is still unclear.Therefore,this paper studied the influence of recycled concrete powder(RCP)on the hydration process of cement and provides a theoretical basis for the hydration mechanism of cement composite materials.The hydration heat method was used to systematically analyze the thermal evolution process of cement paste with or without RCP.Hydration products were identified using X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermal analysis(TG–DSC).The pore structure change of cement pastes was analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)method.The mechanical properties of mortar were also evaluated.Four recycled concrete powder(RCP)dosages,such as 10%,20%,30%and 40%are considered.The results indicate that with the increase of RCP content,the hydration heat release rate and total heat release amount of paste decreased,but the second heat release peak of hydration reaction advanced;the proportion of harmful pores and more harmful pores increases,the total porosity and the most probable pore size also increase;the fluidity and mechanical strength of mortar decrease,but the crystal type of hydration products does not change.When the content of RCP is less than 20%,it has little effect on the mechanical strength of mortar.When fly ash and silica fume are mixed,the fluidity difference of mortar decreases,and when the content of fly ash is the highest,the fluidity of mortar is the highest,which is 15mm higher than that of the control group.When RCP content is 15%,fly ash and silica fume content is 15%(FA:SF=3:2),the hydration heat of the clean pulp is the highest among all the compounding ratios,and the hydration reaction is the most complete;the proportion of harmless pores increased by 9.672%,the proportion of harmful pores and more harmful pores decreased,and the compactness of material structure increased;the compressive strength and flexural strength of mortar reached 50.6 MPa and 9 MPa respectively,both exceeding those of control mortar.

Study on the Durability of Recycled Powder Concrete against Sulfate Attack under Partial Immersion Condition

In order to make full use of waste recycled fine powder(RFP)in concrete and achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the concrete industry,the durability of sulfate resistance is an important aspect of evaluating the performance of recycled powder concrete(RPC).Therefore,the durability of RPC under partial sulfate immersion was studied to provide theoretical guidance for understanding the erosion mechanism of RPC.The compressive strength,mass loss,and microstructure change patterns of RPC under partial immersion of 5%Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions were analyzed by cubic compressive strength,mass loss rate,SEM-EDS,and XRD.The results showed that the surface crystalline matter of concrete in Na2SO4 solution was mainly white powders,and that of concrete in MgSO4 solution was mainly transparent paste,both of which had a little spalling on the outer surface of the concrete.The compressive strength and mass loss rate of concrete with 20%RFP was relatively good,indicating that concrete with 20%RFP had better durability against sulfate.The compressive strength of the lower part of the concrete partially immersed in Na2SO4 solution was higher than that of the upper part and the strength of the lower part of RPC-2 was 3.11%higher than the upper part at 180 d;The pattern was reversed in the MgSO4 solution,where the strength of the lower part of RPC-2 was 19.74%lower than the upper part at 180 d.Microscopic analysis showed that the hydration products of RPC were mainly gypsum and ettringite,while the RPC produced more hydration products with the promotion of magnesium ion in the MgSO4 solution.The higher the replacement rate of RFP,the more frequent the gypsum-type failures in the concrete.

Effect of Recycled Mixed Powder on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete

In this paper,recycled bricks and recycled concrete were applied to prepare eco-friendly recycled mixed powder(RMP)cementitious material,as a supplementary to replace conventional cement for improve the recycling of construction and demolition waste.Based on the effect of cementitious materials on the hydration of silicate cement,the effects of RMP on the workability,mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled mixed powder concrete(RMPC)with the different replacement ratios and the 8:4 and 6:4 mixing ratio of recycled brick powder(RBP)and recycled concrete powder(RCP)were investigated.The results showed that the fluidity of the mix decreased with increasing of the replacement ratio and the mixing ratio of RBP and RCP,but the influence of the fluidity was smaller within 15%replacement ratio.As the replacement ratio increases,the internal pore structure of RMPC tends to be loose and porous,which exhibits a significant pore volume distribution characteristic.The number of large capillaries was considerably increased at replacement ratio of 45%.The 7 d compressive strength of RMPC was slightly lower than that of ordinary concrete.The compressive and splitting tensile strengths of RMPC at 28 d increased by 4.2%and 10.1%,respectively,with increasing curing age at 15%replacement ratio and 6:4 mixing ratio.The RMPC mechanical strengths with RBP and RCP at the mixing ratio of 6:4 was higher than those of 8:2.Finally,a basis for the recycling of RBP and RCP in the construction industry can be provided by the results of this study.

Basic Properties of Concrete Incorporating Recycled Ceramic Aggregate and Ultra-fine Sand

Recycled ceramic mixed sand（RCMS） was obtained by partially replacing ultra-fine sand with recycled ceramic coarse sand（RCCS）. The effects of RCCS replacement rate on the apparent density, workability, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of recycled ceramic concrete（RCC） were investigated. In addition, the relationship between the water-cement ratio and compressive strength of RCC was also studied. The experimental results indicate that the reusing of recycled ceramic aggregate can improve the cohesiveness and water retentiveness of fresh concrete and benefit the mechanical properties development. When the RCCS replacement rate is not less than 40%, the mechanical properties of RCC are superior to those of the reference concrete. Moreover, when recycled ceramic medium sand was completely used as fine aggregate, the maximum increase in both compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were obtained, comparing with those of reference concrete, the increment ratio was 19.85% and 32.73%, respectively. The microscopic analysis shows that the using of recycled ceramic aggregate can meliorate distinctly the structure of the interfacial transition zone（ITZ） and increase the compaction degree of cement paste. Furthermore, an expression of the compressive strength of RCC and the cement-water ratio is regressed and gains a good linear relativity. It is an effective way to recycle waste ceramic, and the consumption of recycled ceramic aggregate could reach from 26.9% to 47.6% of the total weight of aggregate in producing concrete.

Compressive and Flexural Strength of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Finely Dispersed Local Wastes

The main objective of this experimental study is to investigate the behavior of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) developed from finely dispersed local waste raw materials. In this study, RRPC was developed by utilizing local wastes (finely dispersed waste glass powder, waste fly ash and waste ceramic powder) together with Portland cement, fine sand, admixture, steel fibers and water through full replacement of silica fume as well as quartz powder for sustainable construction practice. In this study, all raw materials for making RRPC were analyzed for X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. For sustainability of local construction works, this study employed standard curing method at ambient temperatures instead of steam curing at higher temperatures. Moreover, hand mixing was used throughout the study. To evaluate the structural performances of the developed RRPC mixes, compressive and flexural strengths of RRPC were investigated experimentally and compared with the control mix. The experimental results indicated that replacing the silica fume fully by finely dispersed local waste glass powder (GP) and fly ash (FA) is a promising approach for local structural construction applications. Accordingly, a mean compressive strength of 62.9 MPa and flexural strength of 8.8 MPa were developed using 50% GP-50% FA at 28thdays standard curing. In this study, 17.56% larger compressive strength and 30.6% flexural strength improvements were observed as compared to the control mix.

The Compression-deformation Behaviour of Concrete with Various Modified Recycled Aggregates

Modified recycled aggregates were prepared with three different cement-admixture grouts. The physical properties, such as water absorption, apparent density, crushing index, slump and compressive strength of the recycled aggregate and the recycled concretes were tested, and the tests for the compression-deformation behavior of the concretes were also performed. The experimental results show that the cement-Kim powder grout is satisfied for enhancing the recycled concrete, and the modification of the recycled aggregate with the grouts can improve the toughness and the deformation ability of the concretes.

Evaluation of Various Modification Methods for Enhancing the Performance of Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Due to the existence of the attached mortar,the performance of the recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)is inferior to the natural aggregate,which significantly limits its wide application in industry.In this study,five kinds of modified solutions were used to modify the surface of RCA,and the modification effects were compared.The results showed that sodium silicate,nano-silica(NS),Bacillus pasteurii and soybean powder had relatively good modification effects on RCA,which could reduce the crushing value and water absorption,and increase apparent density.The composite solution(15%sodium silicate and 2%NS)and soybean powder solution had better modification effect.The 28 d compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)prepared by RCA modified by soybean powder solution were 4.6%and 5.2%higher than those prepared by RCA modified by composite solution,respectively.This indicates that among the five kinds of modified solutions,soybean powder solution has the best modification effect on RCA,and the optimal soaking time of soybean powder solution is 8 h.At this time,the crushing value,water absorption and apparent density of RCA are 12.8%,5.3%,and 2653 kg/m^(3),respectively.The research results of this study provide a reference for the modification of RCA and its efficient utilization.

Stress-strain relationship for reactive powder concrete with recycled powder under uniaxial compression

The recycled powder(RP)from construction wastes can be used to partially replace cement in the preparation of reactive powder concrete.In this paper,reactive powder concrete mixtures with RP partially replacing cement,and natural sand instead of quartz,are developed.Standard curing is used,instead of steam curing that is normally requested by standard for reactive powder concrete.The influences of RP replacement ratio(0%,10%,20%,30%),silica fume proportion(10%,15%,20%),and steel fiber proportion(0%,1%,2%)are investigated.The effects of RP,silica fume,and steel fiber proportion on compressive strength,elastic modulus,and relative absorption energy are analyzed,and theoretical models for compressive strength,elastic modulus,and relative absorption energy are established.A constitutive model for the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationship of reactive powder concrete with RP is developed.With the increase of RP replacement ratio from 0% to 30%,the compressive strength decreases by 42% and elastic modulus decreases by 24%.

Effect of Substitution of Cement by Mineral Powders on the Physico-mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Sand Concretes

The approach that contributes to the development of eco-materials in construction is the use of mineral powders,which can improve mechani­cal properties and reduce cement consumption.This article aims to study the effect of substitution by mass of cement with mineral powders on the physicomechanical properties and microstructure of sand concretes.The used mineral powders are A:the limestone,B:the natural pozzolan,C:the hydraulic lime,D:(1/3 limestone+1/3 natural pozzolan+1/3 hydraulic lime),and E:(1/2 natural pozzolan+1/2 hydraulic lime).The studied percentages are 5%,10%and 15%,in both separated and combined states.The studied properties are workability,compressive strength,the elastic­ity modulus in compression,shrinkage and microstructure analysis.The objective is to target the optimal percentage of the substitution of cement with mineral powders,which ensures the best compromise between the main properties of the studied sand concretes.The obtained results show that the optimal percentage is in favor of the substitution of cement by 10%D(1/3 limestone,1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime).Even the 15%of mineral powder D,presented similar performances compared to the sand concrete(without mineral powders).Finally,in the context of the development of eco-materials,it should be noted that the 10%D and 15%D(1/3 limestone,1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime)contribute to decrease the use of cement and consequently to reduce of CO2 emissions.

废弃玻璃粉风积沙混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究玻璃粉等质量取代20%水泥与风积沙等质量取代30%天然砂对混凝土柱抗震性能的影响,本文设计和制作4根混凝土柱试件。第1根是普通混凝土柱,第2根是玻璃粉等质量取代20%水泥的混凝土柱,第3根是风积沙等质量取代30%河砂的混凝土柱,第4根是同时用玻璃粉和风积沙分别等质量取代20%水泥和30%河砂的混凝土柱。通过低周往复荷载试验,对比分析各个试件的破坏形态、承载力、滞回性能、骨架曲线、耗能能力、延性系数、刚度退化规律和变形特点。结果表明:20%取代率的玻璃粉取代水泥和30%取代率的风积沙取代天然河砂均能提高混凝土柱的抗震性能,降低构件破坏程度;基于试验结果、Fajfar和Park-Ang提出的地震损伤模型,对其耗能因子β进行修正,得到了修正后的Park-Ang损伤模型,并与废弃玻璃粉风积沙混凝土柱的试验过程吻合较好。

再生细骨料和砖粉双掺对3D打印混凝土性能的影响

为减少3D打印混凝土中天然骨料及胶凝材料的用量,本文采用再生混凝土细骨料替代部分天然细骨料,砖粉替代部分水泥,首先开展单掺再生细骨料(取代率为0、25%、50%、75%和100%)、单掺砖粉(取代率为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和30%)和两者双掺的现浇混凝土的流动性和抗压强度试验,以获得再生细骨料和砖粉的适宜取代率;然后探究50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉双掺及配合比调整方式(附加水、提高减水剂用量)对3D打印混凝土拌合物性能及硬化后力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,当再生细骨料的掺量不超过50%时,现浇混凝土抗压强度降低幅度在10%以内;随着砖粉掺量从0增加到30%,现浇混凝土抗压强度总体呈现先增后减、再稍有增加的趋势,当砖粉掺量为10%时,混凝土抗压强度最高;相比于单掺50%再生细骨料的混凝土,50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉双掺时混凝土强度有所增加,而流动性基本不变。对于3D打印混凝土,同时掺入50%再生细骨料和10%砖粉,并采用添加附加水的方式保持3D打印混凝土初始扩展度不变,会使得混凝土的可建造性提高,但坍落度、开放时间、抗压和劈裂抗拉强度降低,强度各向异性加剧;而提高减水剂用量不仅能显著提升3D打印混凝土的流动性能、开放时间和抗压强度,还能降低打印试件的强度各向异性。

预湿再生砂与膨胀剂协同作用对再生砂混凝土收缩性能的影响

为了降低再生砂混凝土的收缩变形,研究了预湿再生砂对混凝土工作性能、抗压强度、自收缩、干燥收缩及内部相对湿度的影响,并在此基础上掺入3种不同类型膨胀剂,进一步研究了预湿再生砂与膨胀剂协同作用对混凝土自收缩和干燥收缩的影响。结果表明:在附加用水量相同情况下,与采用绝干状态再生砂制备的混凝土相比,采用预湿再生砂制备的混凝土工作性能降低、强度增加,混凝土内部相对湿度更高,有效降低了其自收缩和干燥收缩;在掺入的3种膨胀剂中,钙质膨胀剂对混凝土自收缩的抑制效果最佳,钙镁复合膨胀剂对混凝土干燥收缩的抑制效果最佳;100%预湿程度下,与未掺膨胀剂混凝土相比,掺10%(质量分数)钙质膨胀剂的全再生砂混凝土的28 d自收缩降低了83.2%,掺6%钙镁复合膨胀剂的全再生砂混凝土的120 d干燥收缩则降低了36.1%。

机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度试验研究

为探究机制砂原料种类和机制砂级配对机制砂再生混凝土抗压强度的影响,以细骨料类型(天然砂、石灰石机制砂、卵石机制砂)细骨料级配、水灰比为变量制作了30组机制砂再生混凝土立方体试块和15组天然砂再生混凝土立方体试块。结果表明:在石粉掺量10%时,机制砂再生混凝土抗压强度高于天然砂再生混凝土,且机制砂原料为石灰石的抗压强度高于卵石;机制砂各筛孔量占比分别为5%、7%、18%、25%、26%和14%时,机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土的抗压强度最高。研究表明:严格控制水灰比、颗粒级配可使机制砂再生混凝土达到设计强度、满足生产应用要求,采用机制砂替代天然砂制备再生骨料混凝土更有优势,是缓解天然砂资源短缺的可行途径之一。

再生复合微粉混凝土界面过渡区性能研究

为研究再生复合微粉复掺比对混凝土界面过渡区性能的影响机理,用宏微观试验相结合的方法,分析不同复掺比对混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和显微硬度的影响规律,并利用灰色关联法探究力学性能与微观结构的关系。结果表明:再生砖粉对混凝土的改善效果优于再生混凝土粉,且掺入合理的再生复合微粉会改善混凝土界面过渡区的微观结构;再生复合微粉混凝土各组相显微硬度关系为:骨料相>砂浆相>界面过渡区相,且界面过渡区厚度随养护龄期的增加而逐渐减小;界面过渡区厚度与劈裂抗拉强度关系显著,呈线性负相关,所建立的模型拟合度较高。界面过渡区厚度能准确地表征再生复合微粉混凝土宏观性能变化规律,当再生混凝土粉/再生砖粉为2∶8时,可制备出性能良好的C30混凝土,具有良好的推广应用价值。

纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土的配合比设计及制备研究

为解决再生微粉应用受限问题,提高资源化利用率,分析研究水灰比、发泡剂、掺合料、外加剂及纤维等因素对现有普通泡沫混凝土的影响规律,提出基于再生微粉的微活性和填充性,采用再生微粉部分取代水泥,通过物理发泡法制备纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土,阐述新型纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土配合比设计及制备工艺流程。

Effects of coarse and fine aggregates on long-term mechanical properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete

Typical effects of coarse and fine aggregates on the long-term properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete(SSRAC)are analyzed by a series of axial compression tests.Two different types of fine(coarse)aggregates are considered:sea sand and river sand(natural and recycled coarse aggregates).Variations in SSRAC properties at different ages are investigated.A novel test system is developed via axial compression experiments and the digital image correlation method to obtain the deformation field and crack development of concrete.Supportive results show that the compressive strength of SSRAC increase with decreasing recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage and increasing sea sand chloride ion content.The elastic modulus of SSRAC increases with age.However,the Poisson’s ratio reduces after 2 years.Typical axial stress-strain curves of SSRAC vary with age.Generally,the effect of coarse aggregates on the axial deformation of SSRAC is clear;however,the deformation differences between coarse aggregate and cement mortar reduce by adopting sea sand.The aggregate type changes the crack characteristics and propagation of SSRAC.Finally,an analytical expression is suggested to construct the long-term stress-strain curve of SSRAC.

角闪岩弃碴机制砂和石粉掺量对混凝土性能的影响机理

为探明角闪岩弃碴制砂过程中石粉对混凝土性能的影响,以冀环京津6个地区的角闪岩弃碴为对象,通过开展力学测试、坍落度试验和Zeta电位分析,并结合SEM、FTIR等测试探讨了角闪岩弃碴机制砂和石粉掺量对混凝土工作性能、力学性能及微观结构的影响机理。研究表明:除鑫鑫地区外,其他地区的角闪岩弃碴机制砂均可提升混凝土的抗压强度,其中承德和小石匣地区的角闪岩弃碴机制砂对混凝土增强效果较优,与天然砂制备的混凝土相比,这两种弃碴机制砂制备的C30混凝土7 d抗压强度分别提升了20.51%和11.11%,28 d抗压强度分别提升了10.79%和6.58%;C50混凝土7 d抗压强度分别提升了15.14%和12.57%,28 d抗压强度分别提升了14.55%和16.55%。承德、鑫鑫、冀恒和小石匣地区石粉最佳掺量一般可达胶凝材料质量的8%~15%,而平山地区最佳掺量仅为5%。其中承德和小石匣地区石粉取代胶凝材料用量最高,原因在于这两个地区石粉的颗粒粒度较小,SEM表明在碱性条件下石粉呈明显侵蚀破坏形貌,在骨料界面处形成较多胶凝产物,提升了骨料颗粒之间的胶结程度。此外,适量石粉的加入对丰宁地区较粗机制砂混凝土有一定填充作用,能提升混凝土力学性能。FTIR和Zeta电位测试结果表明,角闪岩弃碴石粉能吸附聚羧酸减水剂并发生反应生成离子化合物,聚羧酸减水剂提升了石粉、水泥和聚羧酸溶液体系稳定性。本研究可为角闪岩弃碴机制砂在普通混凝土中应用及石粉在混凝土中取代不同胶凝材料用量配比设计提供参考。

再生微粉与矿物掺合料对混凝土力学性能及微观结构的影响

为了提高再生微粉在混凝土中的利用率,将单掺再生微粉的混凝土与复掺再生微粉、粉煤灰和硅灰的混凝土的力学性能及微观结构进行了对比研究。结果表明,单掺再生微粉和三者复掺对混凝土的抗压强度和孔结构有不同程度的影响,当掺量低于20%时,单掺再生微粉的混凝土抗压强度高于同掺量时的复掺混凝土,孔隙率相比于复掺时也有所降低;而掺量高于20%时,复掺效果优于单掺,特别是当复掺掺量为30%时,混凝土28 d抗压强度相比单掺掺量为30%时提高了33.4%,总孔隙率和大孔占总孔隙的比例分别降低了4.4%和17.77%。这说明再生微粉的掺入量较大会给混凝土带来不利影响,但添加粉煤灰与硅灰后,它们可以发挥协同作用,从而改善混凝土的复合水泥基体强度和孔结构。