ON THE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES IN YANCHI COUNTY——A TYPICAL TRANSITIONAL BELT BETWEN AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

1. The natural economic conditions of yanchi county Yanchi County (in Ningxia Province, China) lies between the Muwus Desert and theLoess Plateau, its geographical location is a typical transition belt. The view from south tonorth: the general configuration of the earth’s surface is from the Loess Plateau to Ordos ta-bleland; the climate is from semi arid to arid. The transition of its geogrophical location pro-vides the area such features which are various,complex and fragile in natural conditions.

Research Situation and Development Trend of Resource Recycling Technology for Agricultural Wastes

Rational utilization of agricultural waste resources is of great significance to reducing environmental pollution, improving rural ecological environment, and developing agricultural circular economy. Besides, in the context of global energy crisis, the research of resource utilization technology for agricultural wastes will exert considerable influence on survival and living of human beings. We firstly discuss about general situations of agricultural waste resources in China, research and application situations of agricultural waste recycling technology both at home and abroad. On the basis of development trend of agricultural waste recycling, we put forward countermeasures for agricultural waste recycling in China.

The Essence of a Recycling Economy:Circular Utilization of Resources

By analyzing the relationship between a recycling economy and sustainable development theory, this article puts forward the basic concept of a recycling economy as a dynamic economic operational model, and explains the four basic characteristics. It is stressed that the essential element of a recycling economy is the use of resources circularly. In the end, this article analyzes the phenomena of utilizing the recycling economy concept incorrectly, and sets forth a number of problems that should be noted during the process of developing a recycling economy in China.

Study on the Optimized Combination and Utilization of Waste Resources of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet

With the high-quality development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry in the plateau,the waste resources produced by agriculture and animal husbandry show a trend of diversification.How to effectively carry out the key work based on the optimal combination and utilization of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet is imminent.To realize efficient recycling of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry,innovative mode is explored.On the theoretical basis,it can effectively alleviate the resource crisis,control the pollution sources,effectively utilize the resources and construct the recycling mode,which plays an important role in promoting,integrating and coordinating the high-quality development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry in the plateau.In this paper,optimal combination and utilization manner of waste resources of agriculture and animal husbandry under the circular development concept is comprehensively analyzed and summarized,to continuously improve reasonable and effective utilization level and efficiency of agricultural waste resources.It could not only inhibit waste pollution but also promote rational and effective utilization of resources,thereby laying theoretical basis for sustainable and efficient development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet,promoting the improvement of agricultural and rural ecological environment,and providing the thinking for exploring model of ecological recycling in plateau.

Utilization of Agricultural Climatic Resources under the Spring Maize-Spring Potato Intercropping Pattern in Pengzhou City

According to the meteorological requirements of maize and potato,using the data of meteorological observations and soil moisture of Pengzhou City,the agricultural climatic resources of spring maize and spring potato planting and the advantages of agricultural climatic resources of their intercropping were analyzed. The suitable sowing dates for spring maize and spring potato are late March to early April,early February to early March,respectively. During the growth period,the heat resources are abundant,the soil moisture is sufficient,the precipitation and overall distribution are suitable,and the sunshine is still sufficient,which can meet the needs of each growth period. The overall configuration of agricultural meteorological resources is coordinated,which is suitable for the planting of the two. Spring maize-spring potato intercropping can make the most of land,time and space,improve light and heat utilization,reduce pests and diseases,and increase output per unit area,thereby maximizing economic benefits.

Panel Data Based Dynamic Evaluation of Agricultural Resource Utilization Efficiency: A Case Study of Hebei Province

Resource utilization efficiency is one of important factors influencing modern agricultural development. This paper evaluates agricultural resource utilization efficiency of Hebei Province in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period by dynamic comprehensive evaluation method. Evaluation results indicate that regional disparity in agricultural resource utilization efficiency is significant, and the disparity is increasing year by year.

Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Ecological Circular Agriculture in Zhejiang Province

Based on the analysis of present situation of ecological circular agriculture development in Zhejiang Province, the problems of limited resources, backward technology and capital shortage were proposed, and the solutions were put forward to promote the construction of modem agriculture industry system and accelerate the change from the traditional agriculture model to ecological circular agriculture model, such as choosing suitable development models according to local conditions, promoting the construction of agricultural demonstration zones, improving ecological technology, and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of resources and farming system innovation.

Development of Agricultural Recycle Economy in Arid Areas of Hexi Corridor——A Case Study of Zhangye City, China

Taking Zhangye City as an example, the thesis analyzes the restricted factors of resources and environment confronted by the agriculture in arid area of Hexi Corridor: the first is the agricultural natural resources. The area of cultivated land decreases year by year, and there are sharp decrease of biological diversity as well as the shortage and waste of water resources; the second is the ecological environment. There are critical soil erosion, frequent natural disaster and outstanding agricultural area source pollution; the third is the rural economy. The agricultural structure still can not meet the need of agricultural development in recent years, and the proportion of agricultural product processing is low. It points out that implementation of agricultural recycle economy is the necessary choice of the agricultural development in Zhangye City. Developing recycle economy is conducive to improving ecological environment and realizing agricultural sustainable development; developing recycle economy can solve the agricultural area source pollution to much extent and protect rural environment; developing recycle economy is conducive to adjusting rural industrial structure, increasing job opportunities and increasing farmers' income; developing recycle economy is conducive to elevating the international competitiveness of agricultural products. The thesis also has put forward the countermeasures of developing agricultural recycle economy in Zhangye City as follows: firstly, fostering the ambience of the development of agricultural recycle economy; secondly, forming the incentive mechanism of development of agricultural recycle economy; thirdly, broadening the investment channel of development of agricultural recycle economy; fourthly, perfecting socialized service system of agricultural recycle economy.

塑料废弃物的资源化利用研究进展

随着人们生活质量的提高,塑料制品的使用量不断上升,塑料废弃物日益增多.然而,由于废弃塑料的回收利用率低,因此塑料废弃物的管理及资源化利用成为了全球环境保护和可持续发展领域的重要课题.论文概述了塑料的特性与分类、来源与组成,综述了当前塑料废弃物的物理处理、化学处理及生物处理技术及不同处理方法的优势及缺陷;分析了塑料废弃物资源化利用技术先进案例;提出了加强塑料废弃物资源化利用的措施.

江苏省4类主要秸秆和畜禽粪便空间分布及综合利用潜力研究

为明晰江苏省农业废弃物资源分布格局并进行利用潜力评估,推进农业废弃物资源化利用,助力农业全面绿色转型,本研究借助GIS构建数据批处理模型,测算各区县水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物的秸秆和猪、牛、羊、家禽4种畜禽的粪便产生量,及其在肥料化、能源化方面的利用潜力理论值,并结合热点分析结果为江苏省农业废弃物综合利用提供政策建议。结果表明:2020年江苏省4种主要作物秸秆可收集总量高达3972.00万t,以水稻和小麦秸秆为主,集中分布在江苏北部和中部。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论上相当于1511.89万t有机碳、12.04万t N、1.59万t P、24.49万t K,能源化理论上相当于1617.52万t标准煤或6.5×10^(9)m^(3)沼气;江苏省4种主要畜禽粪便产生总量为4560.77万t,家禽粪便与猪粪最多,主要分布在东部边界和西北部地区。分析其肥料化利用潜力,理论计算相当于737.00万t有机碳、31.15万t N、29.86万t P和26.89万t K,能源化利用可折算成1036.95万t标准煤或4.9×10^(9)m^(3)沼气;99%置信度下,江苏省有10个秸秆产生热点县、7个畜禽粪便产生热点县和5个秸秆-畜禽粪便双热点县。秸秆产生热点县应根据主要秸秆种类选择直接还田、制作饲料、生产农副产品和食用菌等合适的利用方向。畜禽粪便产生热点县适于开展以粪污处理为核心的循环利用模式。秸秆-畜禽粪便双热点县则具有利用种养结合构建多层次、多元化、综合化利用格局的重要优势。此外,江苏省应根据资源聚集情况,分层、分类布设资源收集处理中心,并同步优化全省的收储运网络。

基于可循环利用的建筑废弃物分类遴选研究

建筑废弃物主要来源于旧建筑物的拆除及“更新换代”过程,对于建筑废弃物的处理大多为填埋、随意废弃和焚烧,只有少量被回收利用,因而造成了大量建筑资源的浪费以及严重的生态环境污染问题。为此,如何实现建筑废弃物的高效绿色循环利用,变废为宝、物尽其用,成为亟须解决的问题。而建筑废弃物的分类遴选是提高其资源利用率的关键步骤,针对建筑废弃物循环利用中的分选过程及再利用途径进行相关的研究,总结了建筑废弃物循环再利用的分类遴选方式及其对建筑绿色可持续发展的重要性。

赤泥提铁研究进展

我国赤泥堆存量已超过10亿t,主要类型为拜耳法赤泥,该赤泥中含铁量高达30%以上,是经济价值较高的铁资源。目前回收赤泥中铁资源的方法主要是高温还原焙烧-磁选,还原剂以固态碳基还原剂和气基还原剂为主,需大量能耗和成本。我国是农业大国,主要农作物秸秆年产量在7亿t以上,这些生物质具有碳中性、反应活性高、灰分含量低、储量高、可再生等优点,而且热解温度远远低于固态碳质还原剂,其还原三价铁的温度仅为300~800℃,属于低温热解,采用生物质还原焙烧赤泥可大幅降低能耗和成本。本文重点对固态碳质还原剂、气基还原剂和生物质还原剂还原三价铁的参数进行对比,并详细阐述了生物质热解过程及还原赤泥中Fe_(2)O_(3)的机理,认为生物质还原焙烧-磁选技术可以实现赤泥和农业秸秆等固体废弃物的减量化和高值化利用,具有极高的经济价值和环境效益。最后对未来研究赤泥中铁资源回收提出以下建议:加强探究技术耦合实现赤泥产业化处置;回收利用生物质热解产气及热量;探究尾渣综合利用途径;增强对铁铝矿物的分离研究,以实现铁精矿的连续动态化生产。

农作物秸秆资源化利用问题及发展策略研究

分析了我国现阶段农作物资源化利用存在的附加值低、农户积极性不高、筹资难、农业机械化发展不均衡、人才缺乏等问题,研究适合我国农作物秸秆资源化利用的发展策略及措施,以推动我国农作物秸秆资源化利用。

不同栽培基料配比对大球盖菇生长的影响

为研究利用农业废弃物栽培大球盖菇的可行性,以农作物秸秆、废菌包、牛粪等废弃物为主要原料,设置9种不同基料配方栽培大球盖菇,分析比较供试配方栽培的大球盖菇菌丝生长情况、产量及经济效益。结果表明,D_(3)、D_(4)、D_(8)处理的菌丝生长较好、出菇快、产量高、经济效益好。综合分析,在生产中推荐“玉米秸秆+谷壳+玉米芯+废弃菌包+牛粪”的基料配比组合,可以实现经济效益最大化。

川渝地区农业绿色高效用水科技攻关方向与对策建议

川渝地区农业种植面积大、从业人员多、产业份额大、战略意义强,但该地区长期面临严重的季节性干旱和工程性缺水,且农业绿色高效用水发展水平与经济发展、区域地位并不匹配,需提高农业节水抗旱减灾保产能力和水资源利用效率,推动川渝现代节水农业高质量发展。总结了川渝地区农业用水现状和高水效农业发展面临的问题,分析了该地区农业绿色高效用水的实际需求,在此基础上提出开展川渝农业绿色高效用水关键科技项目攻关、构建农业绿色高效用水专家智库、构建西南季节性干旱区农业绿色高效用水技术体系、建设特色水果产业节水科技创新中心、建立川渝农业绿色高效用水产业联盟等一系列对策建议。

京津冀平原非常规水资源利用前景分析及其生态环境效应

[研究目的]京津冀平原水资源严重短缺,供需矛盾十分突出,加大非常规水资源利用力度,形成多元供水格局,可有效缓解水资源供需矛盾,对支撑京津冀协同发展区社会经济协调发展和推动生态文明建设具有重要意义。[研究方法]文章系统开展非常规水资源供水方向、开发利用模式和供水规模分类数据统计,依据各省(直辖市)非常规水资源供水规划及配置目标,分析其开发利用前景及其生态环境效应。[研究结果]该区非常规水资源主要包括微咸水、再生水、淡化海水、雨洪水,其中微咸水主要分布于中东部平原的天津、沧州、衡水等地,供水前景为5.43×10^(8)m^(3);再生水利用以北京、天津等大中型及工业城市为主,供水前景为34.22×10^(8)m^(3);淡化海水利用以天津等滨海城市为主,供水前景为4.19×10^(8)m^(3);雨洪水利用较分散。[结论](1)微咸水用于农业灌溉存在土壤盐渍化风险,需加强水盐调控。(2)再生水用于河流生态补水,沿线地表水富营养化,地下水体未受到明显污染;地下水浅埋区开展再生水灌溉,会增加硝酸盐污染风险;建议将高风险的新兴污染物纳入再生水利用监控体系。(3)海水淡化尾液浓盐水、冷却热水可能改变天然海洋生态系统的分布、构成与多样性,应予以关注。(4)雨洪水利用可降低污水入河的水质风险,但过度利用可能影响区域生态系统的稳定性,建议城市区适度扩大利用。

建筑垃圾资源化利用现状及对策

以建筑垃圾治理试点城市为研究对象,聚焦建筑垃圾资源化利用实践现状与问题。结合全生命周期理论与利益相关者理论,分析了当前我国建筑垃圾资源化利用各阶段所存问题,重点指出了收运和处置过程中分别存在监管不严、工艺落后等问题。针对性地提出了构建建筑垃圾全程分类体系、多主体协同治理、推动再生产品应用、提升数字监管等对策建议。通过系统化研究我国建筑垃圾资源化利用先行地区实践现状及对策,为全国其他城市建筑垃圾治理工作规划和“无废城市”建设提供有益启示。

乡村数字经济对农业灌溉用水效率的影响

文章基于2012-2021年省级面板数据,在测度乡村数字经济发展指数和结合灌溉水有效利用系数的基础上,构建Tobit模型分析乡村数字经济对农业灌溉用水效率的影响及其作用机制。

安徽地区建筑垃圾资源化利用路径与处置工艺设计探讨

城市拆旧建新的过程会产生大量的建筑垃圾,如果不能及时、妥善地处理这些垃圾,不仅占用土地、污染环境,还会引发诸多社会问题。基于对安徽地区建筑垃圾资源化处置现状实地调研,发现现有的技术方案存在垃圾种类混杂、难以共线生产等问题。针对此,提出了三位一体建筑垃圾处理方案,并构建了建筑垃圾全链条管理服务平台的全新策略;同时,探讨了高品质再生骨料生产过程中的分选与提纯新工艺,推广了再生环保仿石砖生产新技术,为安徽地区乃至全国范围的建筑垃圾资源化利用和无害化处置提供可行的技术支持和决策参考。

构建生态资源再循环利用下的现代种养结合生产经营方式研究

种养结合是传统的农业生产经营方式,不仅促进了种植业和养殖业的发展,也实现了农业内部物质和能量的相互交换以及原料和废弃物资源的相互利用。然而,随着工业化和化学农业的兴起,种养结合的内在循环体系逐渐割裂,对农业生态资源系统造成了掠夺性破坏。因此,必须加快构建生态资源再循环利用下的现代种养结合的生产经营方式。建立现代种养结合的生态资源循环利用系统,应以种植业和养殖业间的内在循环系统为依托,拓展农业发展空间,延伸农业产业链和价值链,并通过构建4种生产经营模式和3种生产经营管理方法,促进系统有效运转,进而最终实现城乡产业融合,优化区域产业结构,促进农村一、二、三产业融合发展。