Effect of sodium nitroprusside on the microrheological properties of red blood cells in different media

Red blood cell(RBC)aggregation as well as their deformation significantly affects blood microrheology.These processes depend on various factors,one of which is concentration of the nitric oxide,one of the main signaling molecule in the bloodstream.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide on the microrheological properties of red blood cells(RBCs)in RBC samples of various media after the addition of nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in vitro.Microrheological properties were measured using laser aggregometer and ektacytometer based on diffuse light scattering and diffraction of laser light on a suspension of RBCs,respectively.The study found that heparin-stabilized blood showed increased RBC aggregation and deformation with sodium nitroprusside concentrations of 100,and 200M,while EDTA-stabilized blood showed slightly decreased aggregation and unchanged deformation.With washed RBCs in dextran solution,the addition of sodium nitroprusside(in the concentrations of 100,and 200M)resulted in decreased aggregation and increased deformation.These-ndings aid in our understanding of nitric oxide's effect on RBC microrheological properties.

Packed red blood cell transfusions as a risk factor for parenteral nutrition associated liver disease in premature infants

AIM To determine if packed red blood cell transfusions contribute to the development of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 49 premature infants on parenteral nutrition for > 30 d who received packed red blood cell(PRBC) transfusions was performed. Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease was primarily defined by direct bilirubin(db) > 2.0 mg/dL. A high transfusion cohort was defined as receiving > 75 mL packed red blood cells(the median value). KaplanMeier plots estimated the median volume of packedred blood cells received in order to develop parenteral nutrition associated liver disease.RESULTS Parenteral nutritional associated liver disease(PNALD) was noted in 21(43%) infants based on db. Among the 27 high transfusion infants, PNALD was present in 17(64%) based on elevated direct bilirubin which was significantly greater than the low transfusion recipients. About 50% of the infants, who were transfused 101-125 mL packed red blood cells, developed PNALD based on elevation of direct bilirubin. All infants who were transfused more than 200 mL of packed red blood cells developed PNALD. Similar results were seen when using elevation of aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase to define PNALD.CONCLUSION In this retrospective, pilot study there was a statistically significant correlation between the volume of PRBC transfusions received by premature infants and the development of PNALD.

Effects of low intensity laser irradiation phototherapy on dental pulp constructs

AIM: To investigate low intensity laser irradiation phototherapy(LILIP) on the proliferation, mineralization and degradation of dental pulp constructs.METHODS: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED) were grown to confluence and seeded on collagen scaffolds to create dental pulp constructs. LILIP was delivered to the dental pulp constructs using an 830 nm GaA IAs laser at an output power of 20 m W. The LILIP energy density was 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 2.4 J/cm2. After 8 d, the cell proliferation and degradation within the dental pulp constructs were measured using histologic criteria. After 28 d, the effect of LILIP on SHED mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining.RESULTS: SHED proliferation within the dental pulp constructs varied after exposure to the 0.4, 0.8, 1.2,and 2.4 J/cm2 LILIP energy densities(P < 0.05). The maximum proliferation of SHED in nutrient deficient media was 218% after exposure to a 1.2 J/cm2 LILIP energy density. SHED grown in nutrient deficient media after exposure to a 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 J/cm2 LILIP energy density, proliferated by 167-218% compared to the untreated(non-LILIP) control group(P < 0.05).SHED exposed to a 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 J/cm2 LILIP energy density, and grown in optimal nutritional conditions and proliferated by 147%-164% compared to the untreated(non-LILIP) control group(P < 0.05). The exposure of SHED to the highest LILIP energy density(2.4 J/cm2) caused a reduction of the cell proliferation of up to 73% of the untreated(non-LILIP) control(P < 0.05). The amount of mineral produced by SHED increased over time up to 28 d(P < 0.05). The 0.8 and 1.2J/cm2 LILIP energy densities were the most effective at stimulating the increased the mineralization of the SHED from 150%-700% compared to untreated(nonLILIP) control over 28 d(P < 0.05). The degradation of dental pulp constructs was affected by LILIP(P <0.05). The dental pulp constructs grown in optimal nutritional conditions exposed to a 0.8 J/cm2 or 1.2 J/cm2 LILIP energy density had 13% to 16% more degradation than the untreated(non-LILIP) control groups(P < 0.05). The other LILIP energy densities caused a 1%degradation of dental pulp constructs in optimal nutritional conditions(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: LILIP can enhance or reduce SHED proliferation, degradation and mineralization within dental pulp constructs. LILIP could promote the healing and regeneration of dental tissues.

Red blood cell distribution width improves the prediction of 28-daymortality for patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury:A retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV database usingpropensity score matching

Background:The predictive value of red blood cell distribution width(RDW)for mortality in patients withsepsis-induced acute kidney injury(SI-AKI)remains unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the potentialassociation between RDW at admission and outcomes in patients with SI-AKI.Methods:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC)-IV(version 2.0)database,released in Juneof 2022,provides medical data of SI-AKI patients to conduct our related research.Based on propensity scorematching(PSM)method,the main risk factors associated with mortality in SI-AKI were evaluated using Coxproportional hazards regression analysis to construct a predictive nomogram.The concordance index(C-index)and decision curve analysis were used to validate the predictive ability and clinical utility of this model.Patientswith SI-AKI were classified into the high-and low-RDW groups according to the best cut-off value obtained bycalculating the maximum value of the Youden index.Results:A total of 7574 patients with SI-AKI were identified according to the filter criteria.Compared withthe low-RDW group,the high-RDW group had higher 28-day(9.49%vs.31.40%,respectively,P<0.001)and7-day(3.96%vs.13.93%,respectively,P<0.001)mortality rates.Patients in the high-RDW group were moreprone to AKI progression than those in the low-RDW group(20.80%vs.13.60%,respectively,P<0.001).Basedon matched patients,we developed a nomogram model that included age,white blood cells,RDW,combinedhypertension and presence of a malignant tumor,treatment with vasopressor,dialysis,and invasive ventilation,sequential organ failure assessment,and AKI stages.The C-index for predicting the probability of 28-day survivalwas 0.799.Decision curve analysis revealed that the model with RDW offered greater net benefit than that withoutRDW.Conclusion:The present findings demonstrated the importance of RDW,which improved the predictive ability ofthe nomogram model for the probability of survival in patients with SI-AKI.

The Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Critically Ill Cerebral Infarction Patients:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)has been utilized as a prognostic indicator for mortality risk assessment in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients.Nevertheless,the prognostic significance of RDW in critically ill patients with cerebral infarction is yet to be investigated.The objective of this study is to examine the association between RDW and the risk of all-cause mortality in cerebral infarction patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).Method:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2(MIMIC-IV)intensive care dataset for data analysis.The main results were the all-cause mortality rates at 3 and 12 months of follow-up.Cumulative curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the relationship between RDW and mortality rates in critically ill cerebral infarction patients.Results:The findings indicate that RDW serves as a significant prognostic factor for mortality risk in critically ill stroke patients,specifically at the 3 and 12-month follow-up periods.The observed correlation between increasing RDW levels and higher mortality rates among cerebral infarction patients further supports the potential utility of RDW as a predictive indicator.Conclusion:RDW emerges as an independent predictor of mortality risk during the 3 and 12-month follow-up periods for critically ill patients with cerebral infarction.

Forces of RBC interaction with single endothelial cells in stationary conditions:Measurements with laser tweezers

Red blood cells(RBCs)are able to interact and communicate with endothelial cells(ECs).Under some pathological or even normal conditions,the adhesion of RBCs to the endothelium can be observed.Presently,the mechanisms and many aspects of the interaction between RBCs and ECs are not fully understood.In this work,we considered the interaction of single RBCs with single ECs in vitro aiming to quantitatively determine the force of this interaction using laser tweezers.Measurements were performed under different concentrations of proaggregant macromolecules and in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)activating the ECs.We have shown that the strength of interaction depends on the concentration of fibrinogen or dextran proaggregant macromolecules in the environment.A nonlinear increase in the force of cells interaction(from 0.4 pN to 21 pN)was observed along with an increase in the fibrinogen con-centration(from 3 mg/mL to 9 mg/mL)in blood plasma,as well as with the addition of dextran macromolecules(from 10 mg/mL to 60 mg/mL).Dextran with a higher molecular mass(500 kDa)enhances the adhesion of RBCs to ECs greater compared to the dextran with a lower molecular mass(70 kDa).With the preliminary activation of ECs with TNF-α,the force of interaction increases.Also,the adhesion of echinocytes to EC compared to discocytes is significantly higher.These results may help to better understand the process of interaction between RBCs and ECs.

低强度聚焦超声活化小胶质细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是老年人群中常见的神经系统变性疾病,以淀粉样斑块异常蓄积为典型病理特征。血脑屏障因其严格的选择透过性阻止一切大分子物质进入中枢神经系统,成为向脑内输送治疗药物的“瓶颈”。研究发现,低强度聚焦超声结合超声微泡可通过空化作用安全可逆地打开血脑屏障内皮细胞间隙,并通过促进小胶质细胞向抗炎状态活化减轻淀粉样蛋白沉积。本综述旨在深入剖析低强度聚焦超声在治疗AD中的最新研究进展,为AD的治疗提供理论基础和新策略。

ICU多重耐药菌肺部感染患者入院24小时内红细胞分布宽度与30天内预后的关系

目的研究红细胞分布宽度(RDW)在重症监护病房(ICU)多重耐药菌(MDRO)肺部感染患者预后评估中的作用。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月某院ICU收治的MDRO肺部感染患者,根据患者预后分为预后良好组和预后不良组。比较两组患者的基本资料、红细胞分布宽度[红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW-CV)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)]、D-二聚体(D-dimer)、降钙素原(PCT)、超敏肌钙蛋白(TNTsh)、N末端-B型尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等血清学指标。采用单因素t检验及多因素logistic回归分析血清学指标与MDRO肺部感染患者预后的关联因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估RDW对MDRO肺部感染患者预后的预测效能。结果共纳入275例MDRO肺部感染病例;年龄22~99岁;预后良好组181例(65.8%),预后不良组94例(34.2%)。预后不良组PCT、D-dimer、RDW-CV、RDW-SD、TNTsh、NT-proBNP水平高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示RDW-CV[OR=19.011,95%CI(5.247~68.882),P<0.05]、RDW-SD[OR=13.693,95%CI(3.820~49.087),P<0.05]增高为MDRO肺部感染患者预后不良的关联因素;ROC曲线结果显示,RDW-CV、RDW-SD曲线下面积分别为0.901、0.896,最佳截断值为14.45%、49.60%。结论本研究提示RDW值与MDRO肺部感染患者的疾病结局密切相关,有望成为其预后的评估指标之一,实现提前干预和风险评估价值。

纤维蛋白原、红细胞分布宽度、极低密度脂蛋白对高海拔地区肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的探讨纤维蛋白原(FIB)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)对高海拔地区肺栓塞(PE)的诊断价值。方法选取2017年1月至2023年6月在西藏自治区人民政府驻成都办事处医院呼吸内科确诊的高海拔地区的PE患者57例设为PE组,另选取同期在本院体检且一般资料与PE组匹配的高海拔地区健康者83例为非PE组。收集两组的人口学特征、临床资料和实验室指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选高海拔地区PE发生的独立危险因素;应用受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)评估诊断效能;独立预测因素AUC间的比较使用DeLong检验。结果与非PE组相比,PE组的FIB、RDW和VLDL明显升高(P<0.05);FIB(OR:1.678,95%CI:1.224~2.299)、RDW(OR:1.042,95%CI:1.002~1.084)和VLDL(OR:8.575,95%CI:1.681~43.746)与高海拔地区PE的发生有关(P<0.05);由FIB、RDW和VLDL构建的组合模型,其AUC(0.791)明显高于FIB(0.707)、RDW(0.663)和VLDL(0.691),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FIB、RDW和VLDL均为发生高海拔地区PE的独立危险因素,由FIB、RDW和VLDL构建的组合模型具有较高的诊断效能。

生长抑素联合低分子肝素对高脂血症性AP患者血液高凝状态、PCT、CRP及RAAS的调节作用

目的探讨生长抑素联合低分子肝素对高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(HLAP)患者血液高凝状态、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响。方法以平顶山市第二人民医院宝丰分院2020年1月至2023年1月收治的66例HLAP患者为研究对象,根据治疗方案将患者分为参照组(33例)和联合组(33例)。参照组采用生长抑素治疗,联合组采用生长抑素联合低分子肝素治疗。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状改善时间、治疗前后血液流变学指标(红细胞聚集指数、血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度)、血清RAAS指标[血管紧张素-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)、肾素(E)、醛固酮(ALD)]、血清PCT、CRP、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、热休克蛋白27(HSP27)水平。结果联合组临床总有效率(96.97%)高于参照组(75.76%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组肠道功能恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、腹膜炎体征及腹痛消失时间短于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后联合组红细胞聚集指数、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度及血浆黏度降低幅度大于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后联合组血清E、Ang-Ⅱ、ALD水平低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,各组治疗后血清PCT、CRP、HSP70、HSP27水平明显降低,其中联合组降低幅度更为显著,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生长抑素联合低分子肝素治疗HLAP疗效显著,能够改善血液高凝状态,减轻炎症反应,有利于患者病情恢复。

模拟高住低练对大鼠红细胞相关指标和EPO基因表达的影响

目的 :研究模拟高住低练对大鼠红细胞相关指标和肾脏EPO基因表达的影响。方法 :4 8只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为 4组 :低住低练组 (LoLo) ,模拟高住低练组 (HiLo) ,高住对照组 (Hi) ,对照组 (Con) ,每组 12只。模拟高住低练组和低住低练组进行相同的训练 ,但模拟高住低练组和高住对照组每晚在相当于 2 5 0 0米海拔高度的低压舱内居留 12～ 13小时 ,对照组和低住低练组仅在正常条件下居住 ,4周后测定大鼠红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积和肾脏EPO基因表达。结果 :模拟高住低练组大鼠红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞比容明显高于低住低练组、高住组和对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高住组红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度和红细胞比容与对照组相比无明显差异。模拟高住低练组肾脏EPO基因表达明显高于低住低练组、高住组和对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高住组、低住低练组与对照组之间无显著差异。结论 :模拟高住低练可提高大鼠血红蛋白浓度 ,促进肾脏EPO基因表达 ,EPO基因表达的增加可能是长期低氧和运动应激累积效应的结果。

激光照射血细胞的衰变规律和损伤机制研究

采用FLS900型稳态荧光光谱仪对红色激光持续照射的正常离体血液和酒精中毒离体血液进行了荧光检测,得到了血液物质成分变化及荧光光谱特征随时间衰变的规律.研究结果表明:随着血液离体时间的延长,当407nm的紫光激励时,在605nm处的荧光峰峰位保持不变只是强度缓慢减弱,但两者均在离体后的14h和10h出现了谱形突变,并在474nm处产生了一个强荧光峰.比较分析发现激光对正常离体血液的衰变有明显的延缓作用,对酒精作用破坏的红细胞也有部分修复功能,但当激光持续照射一定时间后却导致了细胞的形态改变进而加速了细胞的溶血进程,产生了大量的内源性荧光物质还原烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸.本文的研究结果能为血细胞活性衰变规律以及功能结构研究提供有意义的参考.

光镊捕获的单个解冻人血红细胞的拉曼光谱研究

红细胞的冰冻与解冻的实施为血液的长期保存提供了有效的方法。在过去的几十年中,红细胞冻存有过数种方法,其中高甘油冻存法比较普遍,因而用此方法保存红细胞是否对红细胞产生了影响及产生了什么影响是值得研究的。作者利用激光光镊拉曼光谱系统,通过拉曼光谱对冻存人血红细胞进行研究;结果显示,红细胞冻存前后的拉曼光谱有一定的变化,解冻提取后也产生了一定的变化,这些变化主要体现在对应拉曼光谱的位置和强度上。研究结果对进一步研究红细胞的冻存具有一定的参考价值。

He-Ne激光照射对血液及其组分荧光光谱影响的实验研究

为研究弱激光照射对人血液携氧能力的影响及机制,我们用荧光仪分别测量了He-Ne激光照射前后正常血液及其组分(血浆、红细胞)的荧光光谱,研究了激光照射导致的光谱变化,并分析了光谱变化与血液携氧能力改变的关系。实验结果显示:全血液标本在490nm及614nm附近有荧光峰值;血浆的荧光则主要分布在420～500nm之间;红细胞在500nm及614nm附近有荧光。He-Ne激光照射后,全血液及红细胞在614nm处的荧光谱都有较明显的变化,且较相似。由此可得出结论,He-Ne激光照射可影响血液的携氧能力。

不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊生理生化指标比较

为了比较不同海拔高度白萨福克羊的生理生化指标,试验以高海拔(四川红原)和低海拔(四川新津)饲养的白萨福克羊为研究对象,测定了生理指标和血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1)不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊体温在公母间均差异不显著(P>0.05),低海拔地区的呼吸和心率高于高海拔地区;2)白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均容量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度和红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数等指标在不同海拔地区的公母羊间差异较小,红细胞数和红细胞比容等指标高海拔地区公母羊极显著高于低海拔地区(P<0.01),高海拔地区公母羊血小板数极显著低于低海拔地区(P<0.01);3)谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖和总胆固醇等指标在不同海拔地区公母羊间差异不显著(P>0.05),高海拔地区公母羊总蛋白、球蛋白和胆碱酯酶等指标极显著高于低海拔地区(P<0.01),低海拔地区公母羊总钙和碱性磷酸酶等指标极显著高于高海拔地区(P<0.01)。

低强度激光对离体细胞效应的若干新进展

本文综述了低强度激光照射对离体细胞效应的研究进展。主要讨论了低强度激光照射对造骨细胞,成纤维细胞,骨骼肌细胞,造血细胞的效应和低强度激光生物刺激作用的机制。

采用低频旋转磁场治疗高原红细胞增多症的可行性研究

高原红细胞增多症(HAPC)是最典型、最具有代表性的慢性高原病,发病率高、危害严重,且常成为其它慢性高原病的初始肇因。HAPC的治疗属于世界性难题,目前有物理治疗和药物治疗。前者以放血疗法或血液稀释疗法为代表,虽有一定效果但不是病因治疗,复发率高;后者近年来取得一定进展,但有效性和安全性均有待进一步验证。大量文献表明:旋转磁场可改善红细胞血液流变学特性,可促进微循环。基于此,通过研究观察低频旋转磁场对红细胞增生的作用,以探索治疗高原红细胞增多症的新方法。使用低频旋转磁场系统对6名志愿者进行治疗,从红细胞计数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度、血尿酸等4个方面对治疗效果进行评估。经过低频旋转磁场治疗14 d后(60 min/d),患者的红细胞计数、红细胞压积、血尿酸平均值分别降低7.87%、9.67%、31.59%,而血红蛋白浓度则较为稳定(仅降低3.61%)。初步的试验显示,低频旋转磁场对治疗红细胞增生有一定的效果,有望被用于辅助治疗高原红细胞增多症,但其作用机理和临床效果还需要进一步的研究。

人血红细胞在直流电作用后光镊操控的拉曼光谱研究

激光光镊拉曼光谱(LTRS)系统是拉曼光谱和激光光镊的结合,是一种研究细胞的全新方法,可对单个活细胞进行操控和光谱收集。从拉曼光谱特征峰位置、强度和线宽可得到细胞的组成、结构及细胞内物质相互作用的信息。外界因子对细胞的作用可引起细胞的生理变化,这种变化也可以通过拉曼光谱的变化而进行分析。本文是对人血红细胞在不同强度直流电的作用前后拉曼光谱变化的研究,结果表明:人血红细胞在直流电作用前后拉曼光谱有明显的差异,这种变化正是红细胞内信息变化的一种反映。本研究为直流电物理治疗的分子机理提供一定的理论参考。

He-Ne激光血管内照射对健康兔血液流变学指标的影响

目的 :研究He -Ne激光血管内照射对血液流变学指标的影响。方法 :以健康兔为模型 ,用光纤引导作血管内照射 ,分别在照射前、照射一次后当天、照射七次后当天检测全血粘度及红细胞变形指数。结果 :与照射前比较 ,一次照射后 ,全血粘度平均降低 1 7% ,红细胞变形指数提高 1 2 % ;七次照射后 ,全血粘度平均降低 43% ,红细胞变形指数提高 2 7%。结论 :He -Ne激光血管内照射可降低血液粘度 ,提高红细胞的变形能力 ,改善微循环 。

低强度激光的生物光子学研究

相对于激光的作用，本文将生物系统分为表层信息元和里层信息元。研究表明，低强度激光的生物效应，是通过表层信息元超辐射态的物理放大，和相继的信号跨膜转导所形成的生物放大两次级联放大作用实现的。关于激光信号的跨膜转导，我们首次提出了低强度激光的生物信息模型和生物信息转换模型，并通过应用进行了验证。