Information from eleven profiles of eolian earthy red silty clay and loess of the middle of the Late Miocene to Holocene age have been studied and correlated. A complete summary profile with projected isotopic ages an...Information from eleven profiles of eolian earthy red silty clay and loess of the middle of the Late Miocene to Holocene age have been studied and correlated. A complete summary profile with projected isotopic ages and fossil-bearing beds has been assembled. The profile is subdivided into 12 stratigraphic units proceeding from the lower (older) to the upper (younger) one. The character of mammalian assemblages contained in each unit was analyzed and the corresponding pa- leo-climatic environments were deduced. The environmental character of each period and the change from the middle of the Late Miocene at about 8.0 Ma B.P. up to the Holocene progressed from the hot semiarid and semi-moist, warmer-moist, warm-moister of the Late Miocene. To slightly less warm moist, cool-dry, slight-warmer-moister of the Pliocene; later the cool to cold dry periods alternated frequently with the mild semiarid and semi-moist periods of the Quaternary. Vegetation progressed from the grasslands with sparse woods, wooded shrub-grasslands and subtropical forest-grasslands of the Late Miocene age to sparse grasslands and dry grasslands of the Pliocene; and to sparse grasslands, dry grasslands and tundras of the Quaternary. The climate changes in the Neogene were of low-amplitute in a generally warm-humid background. Those of the Quaternary were of higher am- plitude with a longer phase. Cool or cold dry and slightly warm semiarid and semi-moist climates al- ternated on a generally cool-dry background. The tendency since the start of the Quaternary was the change to more northern and western shift in the Loess Plateau, with progressively cooler and dryer conditions. The dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the forming and expansion of the Arctic ice sheet might be the main reasons of the more pronounced changes in the Quaternary.展开更多
Recently, the Tertiary red clay sequence underlying Pleistocene loess has attracted much attention. The remarkable progress is the recognition that the Tertiary red clay sequence is also wind-blown in origin, thus pro...Recently, the Tertiary red clay sequence underlying Pleistocene loess has attracted much attention. The remarkable progress is the recognition that the Tertiary red clay sequence is also wind-blown in origin, thus providing a good opportunity to reconstruct long-term monsoon changes. In contrast to the loess deposits, the magnetic susceptibility and the pedogenic characteristics are almost independent of each other in the red clay, thus challenging the validity of the readily measurable magnetic susceptibility in describing the monsoon history recorded by the red clay. With the objective to address the long-term East Asia summer monsoon evolution, the free to total Fe2O3 ratios were calculated in a continuous eolian red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai, the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has a thickness of 305 m and a basal age of 7.0 Ma. The seven million-year Fe2O3 ratio record from the red clay-loess sequence indicates that (i) variations of the free to total Fe2O3 ratios of the loess can correlate展开更多
Comparisons of red ratings (RR) with Fed, Fed/Fet, clay content, and magnetic susceptibility (X) of two loess-paleosol sequences at Luochuan and Lingtai on China's Loess Plateau were conducted to study the possibl...Comparisons of red ratings (RR) with Fed, Fed/Fet, clay content, and magnetic susceptibility (X) of two loess-paleosol sequences at Luochuan and Lingtai on China's Loess Plateau were conducted to study the possible relationship between RR and pedogenic degrees of the two loess-paleosol sequences, and to discuss whether the RR could become new paleo-climatic indicators. Results showed that the RR of the two loess-paleosol sequences had positive, highly significant (P ＜ 0.01)correlations with: 1) citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extracted iron (Fed), 2) ratios of CBD extracted iron to total iron (Fed/Fet), 3) clay (＜ 2 μm), and 4) magnetic susceptibility (X). This suggested that the RR of these loess-paleosol sequences could indicate degrees of loess weathering and pedogenesis and were potential paleo-climatic proxies. The strong correlations of RR to Fed and X also implied that during pedogenic processes, pedogenic hematite in loess and paleosols were closely related to the amount of total secondary iron oxides and pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals (predominantly maghemite).展开更多
Most phaeophytes （brown algae） and rhodophytes （red algae） dwell exclusively in marine habitats and play important roles in marine ecology and biodiversity. Many of these brown and red algae are also important res...Most phaeophytes （brown algae） and rhodophytes （red algae） dwell exclusively in marine habitats and play important roles in marine ecology and biodiversity. Many of these brown and red algae are also important resources for industries such as food, medicine and materials due to their unique metabolisms and me-tabolites. However, many fundamental questions surrounding their origins, early diversification, taxonomy, and special metabolisms remain unsolved because of poor molecular bases in brown and red algal study. As part of the 1 000 Plant Project, the marine macroalgal transcriptomes of 19 Phaeophyceae species and 21 Rhodophyta species from China＇s coast were sequenced, covering a total of 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, and 19 families. An average of 2 Gb per sample and a total 87.3 Gb of RNA-seq raw data were generated. Approxi-mately 15 000 to 25 000 unigenes for each brown algal sample and 5 000 to 10 000 unigenes for each red algal sample were annotated and analyzed. The annotation results showed obvious differences in gene expres-sion and genome characteristics between red algae and brown algae;these differences could even be seen between multicellular and unicellular red algae. The results elucidate some fundamental questions about the phylogenetic taxonomy within phaeophytes and rhodophytes, and also reveal many novel metabolic pathways. These pathways include algal CO2 fixation and particular carbohydrate metabolisms, and related gene/gene family characteristics and evolution in brown and red algae. These findings build on known algal genetic information and significantly improve our understanding of algal biology, biodiversity, evolution, and potential utilization of these marine algae.展开更多
Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds that provide pigmentation to plant organs, are beneficial components of the human diet and there is an interest in understanding the regulation of their formation in crop p...Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds that provide pigmentation to plant organs, are beneficial components of the human diet and there is an interest in understanding the regulation of their formation in crop plants. The apple cultivar ‘May’ represents an excellent model for the study of anthocyanin metabolism due to the spatial color pattern of its flesh, which transitions sequentially from red to white to red again,from the outside to the inside of the apple fruit. To screen the transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin pathway, transcriptomes from differently colored sections of ‘May’ fruits were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database was used to analyse the gene expression data. The results suggested differentially expressed genes(DEGs) that are related to phytohormones are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. K-means clustering analysis revealed 167 common DEGs between different sections of fruit with the same expression pattern as candidates for regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Further analysis showed that nine of the 167 DEGs were annotated as transcription factors and quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) confirmed that their expression was obviously higher in red regions of the fruit, consistent with their roles as hub genes that regulate anthocyanin synthesis. This study provides valuable results for future studies of anthocyanin synthesis in apple fruit.展开更多
Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence ...Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea,and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea,a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang,China was carried out in June 2018.The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area,DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I.There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen,pH,COD,chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides.During the investigation,red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands.The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3,the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L,and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms,and a total of 16 bacteria were identified.Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum,followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides.Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed.The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria,comprising 46.1%of the relative abundance;while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area,comprising 42.0%of the relative abundance.展开更多
The widely distributed red clay sediment underlying the Chinese Loess Plateau truly records the Neogene environmental evolution, and its genesis and development are intrinsically related to the uplift processes of the...The widely distributed red clay sediment underlying the Chinese Loess Plateau truly records the Neogene environmental evolution, and its genesis and development are intrinsically related to the uplift processes of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of East Asia monsoon system. In this paper, a detailed magnetostratigraphy of a loess-red clay section (107°13′E, 35°02′N) from the central Loess Plateau is reported. The loess-red clay sequence is composed of 175 m Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence and 128 m Neogene red clay sediments. Based on the correlation with the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, the paleomagnetic results indicate that the age of Chaona red clay sequence extends to 8.1Ma, which is the older red clay deposition in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. The commencement of red clay at ～8.1 Ma may imply that the Ordos planation surface was broken by the movement of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan Faults, which was related to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau induced by the collision of India Plate and Eurasian Plate. And the western part adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau was uplifted to form the embryo of the Liupan Shan (Mts.) and the eastern part was down-faulted to receive red clay deposition. We link this faulting to an initial uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The undulating nature of the broken Ordos planation surface may explain the chronological differences and depth discrepancies among various cross-sections of red clay.展开更多
The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick ＂red beds＂ in the Mesozoic. Owi...The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick ＂red beds＂ in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental ＂red beds＂ in the Hefei Basin. （1） The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; （2） the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and （3） the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.展开更多
The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a...The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious insect pest of rice in tropical and temperate Asia. The genetic inheritance and physiological effect of the eye color mutation in the BPH have been studied, but the location of a red gene controlling the red eye mutant phenotype on a chromosome has not been elucidated. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), together with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), was performed to identify and map the location of the red gene. A total of 387 SSR markers distributed throughout the BPH autosome were used to survey two bulked DNA samples. Samples were generated from 29 brown-eyed and 29 red-eyed individuals derived from an F2 generation of a cross between brown-eyed wild type and red-eyed mutant colonies. The SSR marker BM20 was shown to be associated with the red eye mutant phenotype. Ninety-five offspring of the F2 generation were then used to map the gene. The present study constitutes the discovery of the location of the red gene, which may lead to the acquisition of the genetic determinant of the compound eye color mutation in BPH.展开更多
该研究基于Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术探讨小红尖椒对红酸汤微生物群落结构的影响,并对pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮、菌落总数和乳酸菌数进行比较分析。结果表明,与未添加小红尖椒的红酸汤(F组)相比,加小红尖椒的红酸汤(FL组)有较快的产...该研究基于Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术探讨小红尖椒对红酸汤微生物群落结构的影响,并对pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮、菌落总数和乳酸菌数进行比较分析。结果表明,与未添加小红尖椒的红酸汤(F组)相比,加小红尖椒的红酸汤(FL组)有较快的产酸效率和更高的氨基酸态氮含量。通过传统培养法可知,FL组菌落总数和乳酸菌数量均高于F组,FL组的乳酸菌显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,F组的优势菌属为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),而FL组的优势菌属为乳酸杆菌属、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)。Spearman相关性分析表明,F组的生物标志物与总酸呈负相关,而FL组中大部分生物标志物与总酸呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。综上可知,添加小红尖椒的红酸汤具有更好的发酵优势,为红酸汤的产业化生产和工艺优化提供理论基础。展开更多
文摘Information from eleven profiles of eolian earthy red silty clay and loess of the middle of the Late Miocene to Holocene age have been studied and correlated. A complete summary profile with projected isotopic ages and fossil-bearing beds has been assembled. The profile is subdivided into 12 stratigraphic units proceeding from the lower (older) to the upper (younger) one. The character of mammalian assemblages contained in each unit was analyzed and the corresponding pa- leo-climatic environments were deduced. The environmental character of each period and the change from the middle of the Late Miocene at about 8.0 Ma B.P. up to the Holocene progressed from the hot semiarid and semi-moist, warmer-moist, warm-moister of the Late Miocene. To slightly less warm moist, cool-dry, slight-warmer-moister of the Pliocene; later the cool to cold dry periods alternated frequently with the mild semiarid and semi-moist periods of the Quaternary. Vegetation progressed from the grasslands with sparse woods, wooded shrub-grasslands and subtropical forest-grasslands of the Late Miocene age to sparse grasslands and dry grasslands of the Pliocene; and to sparse grasslands, dry grasslands and tundras of the Quaternary. The climate changes in the Neogene were of low-amplitute in a generally warm-humid background. Those of the Quaternary were of higher am- plitude with a longer phase. Cool or cold dry and slightly warm semiarid and semi-moist climates al- ternated on a generally cool-dry background. The tendency since the start of the Quaternary was the change to more northern and western shift in the Loess Plateau, with progressively cooler and dryer conditions. The dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the forming and expansion of the Arctic ice sheet might be the main reasons of the more pronounced changes in the Quaternary.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49525203).
文摘Recently, the Tertiary red clay sequence underlying Pleistocene loess has attracted much attention. The remarkable progress is the recognition that the Tertiary red clay sequence is also wind-blown in origin, thus providing a good opportunity to reconstruct long-term monsoon changes. In contrast to the loess deposits, the magnetic susceptibility and the pedogenic characteristics are almost independent of each other in the red clay, thus challenging the validity of the readily measurable magnetic susceptibility in describing the monsoon history recorded by the red clay. With the objective to address the long-term East Asia summer monsoon evolution, the free to total Fe2O3 ratios were calculated in a continuous eolian red clay-loess sequence at Lingtai, the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has a thickness of 305 m and a basal age of 7.0 Ma. The seven million-year Fe2O3 ratio record from the red clay-loess sequence indicates that (i) variations of the free to total Fe2O3 ratios of the loess can correlate
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40101013) the Outstanding Overseas Chinese Scholars Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2003-1-7).
文摘Comparisons of red ratings (RR) with Fed, Fed/Fet, clay content, and magnetic susceptibility (X) of two loess-paleosol sequences at Luochuan and Lingtai on China's Loess Plateau were conducted to study the possible relationship between RR and pedogenic degrees of the two loess-paleosol sequences, and to discuss whether the RR could become new paleo-climatic indicators. Results showed that the RR of the two loess-paleosol sequences had positive, highly significant (P ＜ 0.01)correlations with: 1) citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extracted iron (Fed), 2) ratios of CBD extracted iron to total iron (Fed/Fet), 3) clay (＜ 2 μm), and 4) magnetic susceptibility (X). This suggested that the RR of these loess-paleosol sequences could indicate degrees of loess weathering and pedogenesis and were potential paleo-climatic proxies. The strong correlations of RR to Fed and X also implied that during pedogenic processes, pedogenic hematite in loess and paleosols were closely related to the amount of total secondary iron oxides and pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals (predominantly maghemite).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31140070,31271397 and 41206116the algal transcrip-tome sequencing was supported by 1KP Project(www.onekp.com)
文摘Most phaeophytes （brown algae） and rhodophytes （red algae） dwell exclusively in marine habitats and play important roles in marine ecology and biodiversity. Many of these brown and red algae are also important resources for industries such as food, medicine and materials due to their unique metabolisms and me-tabolites. However, many fundamental questions surrounding their origins, early diversification, taxonomy, and special metabolisms remain unsolved because of poor molecular bases in brown and red algal study. As part of the 1 000 Plant Project, the marine macroalgal transcriptomes of 19 Phaeophyceae species and 21 Rhodophyta species from China＇s coast were sequenced, covering a total of 2 phyla, 3 classes, 11 orders, and 19 families. An average of 2 Gb per sample and a total 87.3 Gb of RNA-seq raw data were generated. Approxi-mately 15 000 to 25 000 unigenes for each brown algal sample and 5 000 to 10 000 unigenes for each red algal sample were annotated and analyzed. The annotation results showed obvious differences in gene expres-sion and genome characteristics between red algae and brown algae;these differences could even be seen between multicellular and unicellular red algae. The results elucidate some fundamental questions about the phylogenetic taxonomy within phaeophytes and rhodophytes, and also reveal many novel metabolic pathways. These pathways include algal CO2 fixation and particular carbohydrate metabolisms, and related gene/gene family characteristics and evolution in brown and red algae. These findings build on known algal genetic information and significantly improve our understanding of algal biology, biodiversity, evolution, and potential utilization of these marine algae.
基金supported by Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing and the Beijing Nursery Engineering Research Center for Fruit CropsThe Beijing Technology Innovation Service Capacity Construction-Research Plan (Grant No. KM202010020011)+1 种基金Beijing nova program (Grant No. Z201100006820142)The Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No. CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds that provide pigmentation to plant organs, are beneficial components of the human diet and there is an interest in understanding the regulation of their formation in crop plants. The apple cultivar ‘May’ represents an excellent model for the study of anthocyanin metabolism due to the spatial color pattern of its flesh, which transitions sequentially from red to white to red again,from the outside to the inside of the apple fruit. To screen the transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin pathway, transcriptomes from differently colored sections of ‘May’ fruits were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database was used to analyse the gene expression data. The results suggested differentially expressed genes(DEGs) that are related to phytohormones are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. K-means clustering analysis revealed 167 common DEGs between different sections of fruit with the same expression pattern as candidates for regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Further analysis showed that nine of the 167 DEGs were annotated as transcription factors and quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) confirmed that their expression was obviously higher in red regions of the fruit, consistent with their roles as hub genes that regulate anthocyanin synthesis. This study provides valuable results for future studies of anthocyanin synthesis in apple fruit.
基金National Key Research and Development Program“High-resolution Numerical Simulation and Prediction of Ecological Environment in the Yellow and East China Seas”(Project No.:2016YFC1401603)Scientific Research Project of Department of Ecology and Environment of Zhejiang Province(Project No.:2016A012).
文摘Red tides are a major public hazard in the global oceans.The coast of the East China Sea is the sea area where red tide disasters are the most frequent and serious in China.In order to accurately grasp the occurrence of red tides in the coastal waters of the East China Sea,and to understand the microbial communities in the waters during the occurrence of red tides in the East China Sea,a special survey of red tides in the coastal waters of Zhejiang,China was carried out in June 2018.The results showed that nutrient concentrations of N and P were generally high in this area,DIN concentrations in most areas exceeded the permitted limit of Chinese seawater quality grade I.There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen,pH,COD,chlorophyll and phytoplankton abundance of red tides.During the investigation,red tides were found in the waters near the Yushan Islands.The content of chlorophyll a was 42.12mg/m3,the cell abundance of phytoplankton was 8.16×108/L,and the abundance of Prorocentrum edulis accounted for 98.5%.The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used for 16s high-throughput sequencing of water microorganisms,and a total of 16 bacteria were identified.Proteobacteria is the first dominant phylum,followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides.Some differences in bacterial community compositions between HAB and the nearby seawater were observed.The predominant bacteria in the red tide occurrence area were Proteobacteria,comprising 46.1%of the relative abundance;while the predominant bacteria in the nearby sea area,comprising 42.0%of the relative abundance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO:40202019,90102017,40121303)National Basic Research Program of China(2004CB720202)China Postdoctoral Fund
文摘The widely distributed red clay sediment underlying the Chinese Loess Plateau truly records the Neogene environmental evolution, and its genesis and development are intrinsically related to the uplift processes of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of East Asia monsoon system. In this paper, a detailed magnetostratigraphy of a loess-red clay section (107°13′E, 35°02′N) from the central Loess Plateau is reported. The loess-red clay sequence is composed of 175 m Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence and 128 m Neogene red clay sediments. Based on the correlation with the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale, the paleomagnetic results indicate that the age of Chaona red clay sequence extends to 8.1Ma, which is the older red clay deposition in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. The commencement of red clay at ～8.1 Ma may imply that the Ordos planation surface was broken by the movement of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan Faults, which was related to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau induced by the collision of India Plate and Eurasian Plate. And the western part adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau was uplifted to form the embryo of the Liupan Shan (Mts.) and the eastern part was down-faulted to receive red clay deposition. We link this faulting to an initial uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The undulating nature of the broken Ordos planation surface may explain the chronological differences and depth discrepancies among various cross-sections of red clay.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41072080)China Post-doctor Science Foundation of China (No. 60878)National Project for Deep Exploration Technology and Experimentation (Sinoprobe-08)
文摘The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick ＂red beds＂ in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental ＂red beds＂ in the Hefei Basin. （1） The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; （2） the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and （3） the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.
文摘The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious insect pest of rice in tropical and temperate Asia. The genetic inheritance and physiological effect of the eye color mutation in the BPH have been studied, but the location of a red gene controlling the red eye mutant phenotype on a chromosome has not been elucidated. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), together with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), was performed to identify and map the location of the red gene. A total of 387 SSR markers distributed throughout the BPH autosome were used to survey two bulked DNA samples. Samples were generated from 29 brown-eyed and 29 red-eyed individuals derived from an F2 generation of a cross between brown-eyed wild type and red-eyed mutant colonies. The SSR marker BM20 was shown to be associated with the red eye mutant phenotype. Ninety-five offspring of the F2 generation were then used to map the gene. The present study constitutes the discovery of the location of the red gene, which may lead to the acquisition of the genetic determinant of the compound eye color mutation in BPH.
文摘该研究基于Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术探讨小红尖椒对红酸汤微生物群落结构的影响,并对pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮、菌落总数和乳酸菌数进行比较分析。结果表明,与未添加小红尖椒的红酸汤(F组)相比,加小红尖椒的红酸汤(FL组)有较快的产酸效率和更高的氨基酸态氮含量。通过传统培养法可知,FL组菌落总数和乳酸菌数量均高于F组,FL组的乳酸菌显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,F组的优势菌属为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),而FL组的优势菌属为乳酸杆菌属、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)。Spearman相关性分析表明,F组的生物标志物与总酸呈负相关,而FL组中大部分生物标志物与总酸呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。综上可知,添加小红尖椒的红酸汤具有更好的发酵优势,为红酸汤的产业化生产和工艺优化提供理论基础。
