The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feedin...The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (R 2);3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (R 3);4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (AL 1);5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (AL 2);6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (AL 3). Moving difficulties and foreleg bending were evaluated in live animals. At pelting, left foreleg was removed. X-ray pictures were taken from lateral views. Dimensions of ulna and radius were measured from the X-ray pictures. Conditions of carpal joint and elbow joint were visually evaluated. The results showed that final body weight was affected by feeding intensity (P = 0.001). Ad libitum fed animals had more moving difficulties compared to restricted ones (P = 0.001). The Ca:P ratio tended (P = 0.06) to have an effect on feet bending. Bending was greatest in low Ca:P ratio (1.5:1) and, correspondingly, least in high Ca:P ratio (2.9:1). Moving difficulties were most common in heaviest animals. The moving difficulties tended (P = 0.07) to be positively related to feet bending. Maximum width of ulna was lowest in low Ca:P ratio diet (1.5:1). Bending was negatively correlated with maximum width of ulna. It can be concluded that low Ca:P ratio in the diet (1.5:1) increases foreleg bending in juveniles. Moving difficulties are related to foreleg bending and high body weight.展开更多
Daytime behaviour and activity rhythm of Tibetan fox were observed in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China, from July to October in 2003. While doing line transect, Tibetan foxes were observed 83 times totally by ran...Daytime behaviour and activity rhythm of Tibetan fox were observed in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China, from July to October in 2003. While doing line transect, Tibetan foxes were observed 83 times totally by random sampling. Among these 83 times observed, 79 times were valid for statistics. Daytime was divided into 6 even groups （07:00 - 09:00, 09: 01 - 11:00, 11: 01 - 13:00, 13:01 - 15:00, 15:01 - 17: 00,18:00 - 20:00）, and daytime behaviour was defined as 3 patterns: running, hunting and resting. Behaviour in different patterns observed in every period was recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to exam the difference of the accumulated observed individuals of each time group. Observed times in different behaviour patterns in each time group were also compared by Friedman ANOVA with Kandall’s concordance. Results showed that the activity rhythm in daytime had no significant difference among different time groups (Kruskal-Wallis test: H（ 5, N= 131）=5.081, P=0.4060). By using behaviour pattern and time group as factors respectively, the 3 kinds of behaviour distributions had no significant difference during daytime（P< 0.580;P<0 .447）. In addition, all the times observed were recorded in sunny days. The results implied that the reasons of activity in daytime in Tibetan fox cannot only be hunting, but also the demands of sunshine. Though behaviour and activity rhythm of Tibetan fox in daytime were studied in this paper, telemetry on the same topics should be introduced to compare with our results.展开更多
赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）隶属于哺乳纲、食肉目、犬科、狐属,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、非洲北部和北美大陆,在我国也广布各地（高耀亭等,1987;马世来等,2001）。国内外有关赤狐的研究主要集中在洞穴结构（Nakazono and Ono,1987;贾竞波和萧前...赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）隶属于哺乳纲、食肉目、犬科、狐属,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、非洲北部和北美大陆,在我国也广布各地（高耀亭等,1987;马世来等,2001）。国内外有关赤狐的研究主要集中在洞穴结构（Nakazono and Ono,1987;贾竞波和萧前柱,1990;贾竞波等,1991;贾竞波和马建章,1992;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999）和巢域选择等方面（Nakazono and Ono,1987;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999;Frey and Conover,2006;Keith et al.,2007）,而针对赤狐食性的研究主要集中在森林草原或苔原环境,如瑞典（Elmhagen et al.,2002）、立陶宛（Laima,2002）及匈牙利（Lanszki et al.,2006,2007）等。展开更多
This study on microhabitat selecti on of Tibetan fox( Vulpes ferrilata )was conducted in July 1999 at Shiqu, Sichuan Province of China.It se t 10 factors in 97 sample spots and collected them every 10 days,the Vande r...This study on microhabitat selecti on of Tibetan fox( Vulpes ferrilata )was conducted in July 1999 at Shiqu, Sichuan Province of China.It se t 10 factors in 97 sample spots and collected them every 10 days,the Vande rloeg Scavia′s index was chosen as the discrimination index for the microhabit at select ion of Tibetan fox to analyse the factors. The results shown that fox prefer to select those habitats, in which, the base diameter of shrub is bet ween 50 cm and 100 cm and the height range is between 30 cm and 50 cm.Furthermore, the slope range is between 20 o and 30 o and the relative altitude range is between 100 m and 200 m.Our researches demonstrated that, for Tibetan fox, the main threat comes from human activity.The local people should pay more care on fox and protect the shrubs i n itDK’s habitat.展开更多
At present it is lack of the ecological data about corsac forx(Vulpes corsac)in China.Nine non-breeding corsac fox’dens were dug and measured in Hulunbeier grassland in Inner Mongolia, of which six have one tunnel an...At present it is lack of the ecological data about corsac forx(Vulpes corsac)in China.Nine non-breeding corsac fox’dens were dug and measured in Hulunbeier grassland in Inner Mongolia, of which six have one tunnel and one entrance for their own and another three have two tunnels and two entrances for each. The mean width of den entrance is 27.3 cm and the mean height of entrance is 22.7 cm. The mean length of the dens is 207.3 cm and the mean distance is 54.7 cm from the ground to the deepest point of the dens. Although corsac fox used to expand rodent’s dens as its own dens, which is the main source of the dens, sometimes it digs dens by itself too. Corsac fox’ dens are very narrow and long corresponding with its stature. In the measured twelve dens’ tunnels, there are nine with a bend. Corsac fox’dens are generally distributed in open grasslands, riverine gentle incline or steep hills.展开更多
文摘The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (R 2);3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (R 3);4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (AL 1);5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (AL 2);6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (AL 3). Moving difficulties and foreleg bending were evaluated in live animals. At pelting, left foreleg was removed. X-ray pictures were taken from lateral views. Dimensions of ulna and radius were measured from the X-ray pictures. Conditions of carpal joint and elbow joint were visually evaluated. The results showed that final body weight was affected by feeding intensity (P = 0.001). Ad libitum fed animals had more moving difficulties compared to restricted ones (P = 0.001). The Ca:P ratio tended (P = 0.06) to have an effect on feet bending. Bending was greatest in low Ca:P ratio (1.5:1) and, correspondingly, least in high Ca:P ratio (2.9:1). Moving difficulties were most common in heaviest animals. The moving difficulties tended (P = 0.07) to be positively related to feet bending. Maximum width of ulna was lowest in low Ca:P ratio diet (1.5:1). Bending was negatively correlated with maximum width of ulna. It can be concluded that low Ca:P ratio in the diet (1.5:1) increases foreleg bending in juveniles. Moving difficulties are related to foreleg bending and high body weight.
文摘Daytime behaviour and activity rhythm of Tibetan fox were observed in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, China, from July to October in 2003. While doing line transect, Tibetan foxes were observed 83 times totally by random sampling. Among these 83 times observed, 79 times were valid for statistics. Daytime was divided into 6 even groups （07:00 - 09:00, 09: 01 - 11:00, 11: 01 - 13:00, 13:01 - 15:00, 15:01 - 17: 00,18:00 - 20:00）, and daytime behaviour was defined as 3 patterns: running, hunting and resting. Behaviour in different patterns observed in every period was recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to exam the difference of the accumulated observed individuals of each time group. Observed times in different behaviour patterns in each time group were also compared by Friedman ANOVA with Kandall’s concordance. Results showed that the activity rhythm in daytime had no significant difference among different time groups (Kruskal-Wallis test: H（ 5, N= 131）=5.081, P=0.4060). By using behaviour pattern and time group as factors respectively, the 3 kinds of behaviour distributions had no significant difference during daytime（P< 0.580;P<0 .447）. In addition, all the times observed were recorded in sunny days. The results implied that the reasons of activity in daytime in Tibetan fox cannot only be hunting, but also the demands of sunshine. Though behaviour and activity rhythm of Tibetan fox in daytime were studied in this paper, telemetry on the same topics should be introduced to compare with our results.
文摘赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）隶属于哺乳纲、食肉目、犬科、狐属,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、非洲北部和北美大陆,在我国也广布各地（高耀亭等,1987;马世来等,2001）。国内外有关赤狐的研究主要集中在洞穴结构（Nakazono and Ono,1987;贾竞波和萧前柱,1990;贾竞波等,1991;贾竞波和马建章,1992;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999）和巢域选择等方面（Nakazono and Ono,1987;周文扬和魏万红,1995;张洪海等,1999;Frey and Conover,2006;Keith et al.,2007）,而针对赤狐食性的研究主要集中在森林草原或苔原环境,如瑞典（Elmhagen et al.,2002）、立陶宛（Laima,2002）及匈牙利（Lanszki et al.,2006,2007）等。
文摘This study on microhabitat selecti on of Tibetan fox( Vulpes ferrilata )was conducted in July 1999 at Shiqu, Sichuan Province of China.It se t 10 factors in 97 sample spots and collected them every 10 days,the Vande rloeg Scavia′s index was chosen as the discrimination index for the microhabit at select ion of Tibetan fox to analyse the factors. The results shown that fox prefer to select those habitats, in which, the base diameter of shrub is bet ween 50 cm and 100 cm and the height range is between 30 cm and 50 cm.Furthermore, the slope range is between 20 o and 30 o and the relative altitude range is between 100 m and 200 m.Our researches demonstrated that, for Tibetan fox, the main threat comes from human activity.The local people should pay more care on fox and protect the shrubs i n itDK’s habitat.
文摘At present it is lack of the ecological data about corsac forx(Vulpes corsac)in China.Nine non-breeding corsac fox’dens were dug and measured in Hulunbeier grassland in Inner Mongolia, of which six have one tunnel and one entrance for their own and another three have two tunnels and two entrances for each. The mean width of den entrance is 27.3 cm and the mean height of entrance is 22.7 cm. The mean length of the dens is 207.3 cm and the mean distance is 54.7 cm from the ground to the deepest point of the dens. Although corsac fox used to expand rodent’s dens as its own dens, which is the main source of the dens, sometimes it digs dens by itself too. Corsac fox’ dens are very narrow and long corresponding with its stature. In the measured twelve dens’ tunnels, there are nine with a bend. Corsac fox’dens are generally distributed in open grasslands, riverine gentle incline or steep hills.
