Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit color is an important agronomical trait. It has been known that a large deletion in the 5' upstream region of the Ccs gene generates non-red fruit color in pepper, but the accura...Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit color is an important agronomical trait. It has been known that a large deletion in the 5' upstream region of the Ccs gene generates non-red fruit color in pepper, but the accurate size and position of the deletion and whether all the non-red cultivars had the same large deletion or not were unclarified. In this study, to identify the Ccs upstream large deletion, we carried out diagnostic PCR using six forward primers at 300 - 900 bp intervals in the 5' untranslated region of Ccs with a fixed reverse primer for a yellow fruit pepper “Sonia Gold”. Then it was revealed that 4430 bp from -3234 bp position in upstream region to 1196 bp position in exon was deleted in Ccs of “Sonia Gold”. The allele having this deletion was named ccs-del. Probably this allele is substantially the same as ccs-p1 having 4879 bp deletion reported previously. Based on the sequence determined, we developed a PCR marker to distinguish ccs-del. Genotyping of 16 cultivars of C. annuum showed that 14 had ccs-del and the remaining two had another mutant allele ccs-3. This result indicates that ccs-del is the most common allele and widely shared in non-red fruit cultivars in C. annuum. Genotyping of 16 cultivars of C. chinense clarified that one cultivar each possessed ccs-del and ccs-3. These results indicate that major alleles responsible for non-red fruit color in C. annuum were shared across species throughout interspecific introgression.展开更多
This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%...This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%,m/m).The RPFE formula(dose:2.0,1.5 or 1.0 mg/g·day)reversed behavioral dysfunctions and body weight gain induced by chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection in C57BL/6 male mice.The RPFE formula exhibited the abilities to normalize the levels of serum infl ammatory cytokines(NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βand IFN-γ)and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS),as well as relieve the injury of hippocampal neurons.The serotonin(5-HT)levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced,which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH).Thus,the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors resulting from the RPFE formula ingestion were possibly related to serotonergic activation,which might be mediated via anti-infl ammatory and anti-oxidant actions.展开更多
Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long ...Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. <strong><em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em></strong> (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from <strong><em>H. polyrhizus</em></strong> and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, <strong><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></strong>, <strong><em>E. coli</em></strong> and <strong><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong> were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> can utilize as Cosmeceutical.展开更多
对引入湖南省浏阳的3个红梨品种美人酥、红酥脆与满天红进行了生长结果习性、适应性以及果实品质的观察比较。结果表明,3个红梨品种在浏阳地区均能正常完成年生长周期,美人酥与满天红生长旺,坐果稳,盛果期树666.7 m 2产量1400 kg,红酥...对引入湖南省浏阳的3个红梨品种美人酥、红酥脆与满天红进行了生长结果习性、适应性以及果实品质的观察比较。结果表明,3个红梨品种在浏阳地区均能正常完成年生长周期,美人酥与满天红生长旺,坐果稳,盛果期树666.7 m 2产量1400 kg,红酥脆长势稍弱,产量1200 kg。3个红梨品种着色均不稳定,果皮锈斑较严重,对着色影响大,以满天红着色相对较好,美人酥次之,红酥脆较差。3个红梨品种均在9月中旬前后成熟,单果重300 g以上,肉质细,石细胞少。可溶性固形物含量13.0%~13.8%,可溶性糖含量9.05%~9.36%,均以美人酥含量最高,其次为满天红、红酥脆。总酸含量1.13~1.42 g/kg,以满天红最高,美人酥与红酥脆相近。综合分析认为,3个品种均不适宜在湖南地区大面积发展。展开更多
文摘Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit color is an important agronomical trait. It has been known that a large deletion in the 5' upstream region of the Ccs gene generates non-red fruit color in pepper, but the accurate size and position of the deletion and whether all the non-red cultivars had the same large deletion or not were unclarified. In this study, to identify the Ccs upstream large deletion, we carried out diagnostic PCR using six forward primers at 300 - 900 bp intervals in the 5' untranslated region of Ccs with a fixed reverse primer for a yellow fruit pepper “Sonia Gold”. Then it was revealed that 4430 bp from -3234 bp position in upstream region to 1196 bp position in exon was deleted in Ccs of “Sonia Gold”. The allele having this deletion was named ccs-del. Probably this allele is substantially the same as ccs-p1 having 4879 bp deletion reported previously. Based on the sequence determined, we developed a PCR marker to distinguish ccs-del. Genotyping of 16 cultivars of C. annuum showed that 14 had ccs-del and the remaining two had another mutant allele ccs-3. This result indicates that ccs-del is the most common allele and widely shared in non-red fruit cultivars in C. annuum. Genotyping of 16 cultivars of C. chinense clarified that one cultivar each possessed ccs-del and ccs-3. These results indicate that major alleles responsible for non-red fruit color in C. annuum were shared across species throughout interspecific introgression.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31201416)Science and Technology Research Funds of Guangdong Province(No.2017A010105002).
文摘This study investigated the anti-anxiety/anti-depression potential of a formula containing red pomegranate fruit extract(RPFE;40%,m/m),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(JB-1)(34%,m/m),magnesium gluconate(25%,m/m)and vanillin(1%,m/m).The RPFE formula(dose:2.0,1.5 or 1.0 mg/g·day)reversed behavioral dysfunctions and body weight gain induced by chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection in C57BL/6 male mice.The RPFE formula exhibited the abilities to normalize the levels of serum infl ammatory cytokines(NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βand IFN-γ)and malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS),as well as relieve the injury of hippocampal neurons.The serotonin(5-HT)levels in hippocampus were increasingly enhanced,which might be mediated by reducing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)and increasing the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH).Thus,the neuroprotective and ameliorating effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors resulting from the RPFE formula ingestion were possibly related to serotonergic activation,which might be mediated via anti-infl ammatory and anti-oxidant actions.
文摘Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. <strong><em>Hylocereus polyrhizus</em></strong> (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from <strong><em>H. polyrhizus</em></strong> and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, <strong><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></strong>, <strong><em>E. coli</em></strong> and <strong><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong> were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irritancy. Therefore, lipstick with betacyanin pigment of <em><strong>H. polyrhizus</strong></em> can utilize as Cosmeceutical.
