A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence ...A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence of HAc/NaAc in the negative electrolyte can keep the pH between 2.0 and 6.0even when a large amount of Hions move into negative electrolyte from positive electrolyte through ion exchange membrane. In the pH range of 2.0–6.0, the chemical reaction of Zn species with Hspecies is very insignificant; furthermore, the electroreduction of Hion on the negative electrode is significantly suppressed at this pH range. The zinc-ferrum redox flow battery（Zn/Fe RFB） operated within a voltage window of 0.5–2.0 V with a nearly 90% utilization ratio, and its energy efficiency is around 71.1% at room temperature. These results show that Zn/Fe RFB is a promising option as a stationary energy storage equipment.展开更多
在前文工作的基础上,对氧化还原缓冲体系用于 FIA 的电势检测进行了研究。观察了几种典型的体系,通过实验验证了基本公式的正确性。利用这一原理,可以测定能参与络合、氧化还原等不同反应的组份,特别是易于氧化或还原的有机分子,故有良...在前文工作的基础上,对氧化还原缓冲体系用于 FIA 的电势检测进行了研究。观察了几种典型的体系,通过实验验证了基本公式的正确性。利用这一原理,可以测定能参与络合、氧化还原等不同反应的组份,特别是易于氧化或还原的有机分子,故有良好的实用价值。展开更多
Hydrocarbon generation from sedimentary organic matter(SOM)with an original net C oxidation state(OS,-1–-2)is a disproportionation reaction involving the transfer of internal(“organic”)hydrogen and producing oxidiz...Hydrocarbon generation from sedimentary organic matter(SOM)with an original net C oxidation state(OS,-1–-2)is a disproportionation reaction involving the transfer of internal(“organic”)hydrogen and producing oxidized C(up to OS=+4)and reduced C(down to OS=-4).The contribution of extrinsic(“inorganic”)hydrogen could lead to an increase of hydrocarbon yields,but mechanisms and potential sources are still unclear,although it is supported by some experimental evidence.In this study,we have analyzed quantitatively the effect of increasing hydrogen fugacity on the hydrocarbon generation behavior of the Cambro-Ordovician Alum shale at 350℃and 40 MPa.Hydrogen fugacity in the experimental system was controlled by the magnetite-hematite(MH)buffer.The experimental data confirm that a more reducing environment will increase overall hydrocarbon yields and depress CO_(2) yields.The elevated hydrogen fugacity was found to correlate with an increase in δ^(13)C isotopic composition of methane and a decrease of δ^(13)C values in CO_(2),ethane and propane.This demonstrates that elevated hydrogen fugacity constrained by water-rock reaction in sedimentary basins can enhance hydrocarbon generation by“hydrocracking”.This mechanism of hydrocarbon generation by organic-inorganic interactions might be ubiquitous in the deeper sections of sedimentary basins(approximately 4–10 km).Thus,it will extend the connotation of the current theory on petroleum generation.The level of hydrogen fugacity,constrained by water-rock reactions,increases with depth and may thus activate over-maturity sedimentary organic matter to produce more hydrocarbons.The end of hydrocarbon generation will thus move to a greater depth than predicted by the traditional theory.It will be correlated to the capacity of the buffer system,which should,in consequence,be taken into account in petroleum exploration,similar to the hydrogen index(HI)of SOM.This extension of the fundamental theory will help to enlarge the area of petroleum exploration to ultra-deep strata in sedimentary basins.展开更多
基金financially supported by the NSFC(No.21361010,China)
文摘A green low-cost redox flow battery using Zn/Znredox couple in HAc/NaAc medium and Fe/Feredox couple in HSOmedium was first proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The presence of HAc/NaAc in the negative electrolyte can keep the pH between 2.0 and 6.0even when a large amount of Hions move into negative electrolyte from positive electrolyte through ion exchange membrane. In the pH range of 2.0–6.0, the chemical reaction of Zn species with Hspecies is very insignificant; furthermore, the electroreduction of Hion on the negative electrode is significantly suppressed at this pH range. The zinc-ferrum redox flow battery（Zn/Fe RFB） operated within a voltage window of 0.5–2.0 V with a nearly 90% utilization ratio, and its energy efficiency is around 71.1% at room temperature. These results show that Zn/Fe RFB is a promising option as a stationary energy storage equipment.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0603102)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Grant No.PRP/indep-3-1715)。
文摘Hydrocarbon generation from sedimentary organic matter(SOM)with an original net C oxidation state(OS,-1–-2)is a disproportionation reaction involving the transfer of internal(“organic”)hydrogen and producing oxidized C(up to OS=+4)and reduced C(down to OS=-4).The contribution of extrinsic(“inorganic”)hydrogen could lead to an increase of hydrocarbon yields,but mechanisms and potential sources are still unclear,although it is supported by some experimental evidence.In this study,we have analyzed quantitatively the effect of increasing hydrogen fugacity on the hydrocarbon generation behavior of the Cambro-Ordovician Alum shale at 350℃and 40 MPa.Hydrogen fugacity in the experimental system was controlled by the magnetite-hematite(MH)buffer.The experimental data confirm that a more reducing environment will increase overall hydrocarbon yields and depress CO_(2) yields.The elevated hydrogen fugacity was found to correlate with an increase in δ^(13)C isotopic composition of methane and a decrease of δ^(13)C values in CO_(2),ethane and propane.This demonstrates that elevated hydrogen fugacity constrained by water-rock reaction in sedimentary basins can enhance hydrocarbon generation by“hydrocracking”.This mechanism of hydrocarbon generation by organic-inorganic interactions might be ubiquitous in the deeper sections of sedimentary basins(approximately 4–10 km).Thus,it will extend the connotation of the current theory on petroleum generation.The level of hydrogen fugacity,constrained by water-rock reactions,increases with depth and may thus activate over-maturity sedimentary organic matter to produce more hydrocarbons.The end of hydrocarbon generation will thus move to a greater depth than predicted by the traditional theory.It will be correlated to the capacity of the buffer system,which should,in consequence,be taken into account in petroleum exploration,similar to the hydrogen index(HI)of SOM.This extension of the fundamental theory will help to enlarge the area of petroleum exploration to ultra-deep strata in sedimentary basins.
