In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of ...In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.展开更多
This paper studied the effect of reducing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing application of functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides on physiological traits,yie...This paper studied the effect of reducing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing application of functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides on physiological traits,yield and quality of radish. The results showed that applying functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides could help to significantly improve the radish fleshy root yield,increase soluble sugar and vitamin C content,reduce crude fiber and nitrate content,but had no significant influence on radish moisture content,glucosinolates and chlorpyrifos content in organophosphorus pesticides.展开更多
基于重庆地区土壤肥力及施肥水平,在保证作物稳产、优质的情况下,探讨氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量、品质、养分利用和土壤肥力的影响,以期确定本地区甘薯是否存在减肥空间以及适宜的减量配施策略。2021—2022年连续2年在重庆市北碚区歇马街...基于重庆地区土壤肥力及施肥水平,在保证作物稳产、优质的情况下,探讨氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量、品质、养分利用和土壤肥力的影响,以期确定本地区甘薯是否存在减肥空间以及适宜的减量配施策略。2021—2022年连续2年在重庆市北碚区歇马街道西南大学薯类作物研究所开展田间试验,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,氮、钾各三水平,分别以常规施N量为126.00 kg hm^(-2)(A1),减施10%(A2)和20%(A3);常规施K2O量96.00 kg hm^(-2)(B1),减施5%(B2)和10%(B3)。试验结果表明,一定程度的氮钾减量配施不会造成甘薯产量的显著下降,氮肥减施达到20%(A3)甘薯单株结薯数显著降低,A3较A1显著减产9.25%。氮肥减施10%和20%分别较A1的块根可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.25%和0.36%,钾肥减施10%则较B1的可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.47%。但氮钾减量配施对甘薯块根淀粉率和可溶性蛋白含量存在不利影响。综上所述,相较于本地常规施氮钾量,减氮10%(A2)配合减钾5%(B2),即施氮量为119.70 kg hm^(-2)、施钾量为86.40 kg hm^(-2),不会降低渝薯198产量和土壤酶活性,可作为本区域甘薯生产中的推荐施肥量.展开更多
为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土...为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序分析。结果表明,与CK相比,T_(3)处理不仅能显著增加木薯株高和茎粗,还能提高木薯产量。在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到木薯根际土壤OTUs,分别为3603个(CK)、1688个(T_(1))、1276个(T_(2))和3317个(T_(3))。不同施肥方式改变土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,其物种多样性由高到低依次为:CK>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)。基于土壤细菌群落的PCoA和聚类分析,CK和T_(3)细菌群落结构组成较为相似,T_(1)与T_(2)细菌群落结构组成相似。不同施肥处理下木薯根际土壤中优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门。化肥减施配施有机肥增加了变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度。冗余性分析结果表明速效钾是影响木薯根际土壤菌群的主要效应因子。研究表明,化肥减量配施有机肥不仅能增加木薯的产量,还能改变木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,为发展绿色、高效、可持续的木薯产业提供坚实的理论支撑。展开更多
【目的】探讨不同氮素管理模式对玉米产量、N_(2)O排放的影响,为黄土旱塬区合理施用氮肥和减缓温室气体排放提供理论依据。【方法】依托中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,以春玉米先玉335为研究对象,开展为期2年的田间定位试验。...【目的】探讨不同氮素管理模式对玉米产量、N_(2)O排放的影响,为黄土旱塬区合理施用氮肥和减缓温室气体排放提供理论依据。【方法】依托中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,以春玉米先玉335为研究对象,开展为期2年的田间定位试验。试验共设置5种不同氮素管理模式:不施氮(no fertilizer)、传统施氮(Con,250 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮(Opt,200 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮+缓控释肥(Opt+SR,200 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮+硝化抑制剂(Opt+DCD,200 kg N·hm^(-2))。用静态箱-气相色谱法监测N_(2)O排放通量,并计算全球增温潜势和N_(2)O气体排放强度,分析不同氮素管理模式对春玉米产量和N_(2)O排放的影响。【结果】(1)氮肥施用后N_(2)O排放迅速升高,在施肥后2 d左右达到峰值,维持10 d后快速下降。减量施氮模式显著降低N_(2)O排放量(P<0.05)。与Con处理相比,Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理N_(2)O排放量降低幅度分别为21.4%、27.6%和26.0%。Con、Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理的N_(2)O增温潜势依次为425.01、334.01、307.83、314.57 kg CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)。与Con处理相比,Opt+DCD显著降低了N_(2)O排放强度,降幅为30.1%(P<0.05)。(2)N_(2)O排放量与表层土壤NH4+-N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与土壤水分、温度无明显相关性。(3)与Con处理相比,Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理能显著提高氮肥农学效率(增幅依次为25.5%、25.7%、22.2%)及氮肥偏生产力(增幅依次为29.9%、28.7%、25.4%)(P<0.05),但对春玉米的产量无显著影响。【结论】在黄土旱塬地区,适当减量施氮、缓控释肥及添加硝化抑制剂均能取得N_(2)O减排和玉米增产的效果,其中减氮20%并添加硝化抑制剂在保证玉米产量的同时,N_(2)O减排效果最好。展开更多
文摘In order to explore the technology and effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications in double-cropping rice,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with returning Chinese milk vetch and straw to fields on yield,fertilizer utilization efficiency,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and soil physical and chemical properties in late rice harvest period.The results showed that the optimized application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers combined with the integrated technology of Chinese milk vetch and straw co-returning to the field could enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of double-cropping rice,increase rice yield,and enhance soil biological activity,especially T4 treatment involving the returning of Chinese milk vetch and straw to the field instead of 30%nitrogen fertilizer achieved the highest rice yield,fertilizer use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate and soil biological activity.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment T2,the total rice yield of T4 treatment increased by 4.1%,among which the early rice and late rice increased by 6.3%and 2.4%,respectively;Pn,Gs and SPAD values of flag leaves at full heading stage significantly increased,and the contents of soil active organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and readily available potassium significantly increased.
基金Supported by the Second Batch of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project in Hubei Province
文摘This paper studied the effect of reducing application of chemical fertilizer,increasing application of functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides on physiological traits,yield and quality of radish. The results showed that applying functional organic fertilizer and trace elements and fully using biological pesticides could help to significantly improve the radish fleshy root yield,increase soluble sugar and vitamin C content,reduce crude fiber and nitrate content,but had no significant influence on radish moisture content,glucosinolates and chlorpyrifos content in organophosphorus pesticides.
文摘基于重庆地区土壤肥力及施肥水平,在保证作物稳产、优质的情况下,探讨氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量、品质、养分利用和土壤肥力的影响,以期确定本地区甘薯是否存在减肥空间以及适宜的减量配施策略。2021—2022年连续2年在重庆市北碚区歇马街道西南大学薯类作物研究所开展田间试验,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,氮、钾各三水平,分别以常规施N量为126.00 kg hm^(-2)(A1),减施10%(A2)和20%(A3);常规施K2O量96.00 kg hm^(-2)(B1),减施5%(B2)和10%(B3)。试验结果表明,一定程度的氮钾减量配施不会造成甘薯产量的显著下降,氮肥减施达到20%(A3)甘薯单株结薯数显著降低,A3较A1显著减产9.25%。氮肥减施10%和20%分别较A1的块根可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.25%和0.36%,钾肥减施10%则较B1的可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.47%。但氮钾减量配施对甘薯块根淀粉率和可溶性蛋白含量存在不利影响。综上所述,相较于本地常规施氮钾量,减氮10%(A2)配合减钾5%(B2),即施氮量为119.70 kg hm^(-2)、施钾量为86.40 kg hm^(-2),不会降低渝薯198产量和土壤酶活性,可作为本区域甘薯生产中的推荐施肥量.
文摘为了研究化肥减量配施有机肥对木薯根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构及产量的影响,采用Illumina Nova 6000测序平台,对未施肥(CK)、有机肥(T_(1))、常规施肥+有机肥(T_(2))和化肥减施+有机肥(T_(3))等施肥方式处理下的华南12号木薯根际土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序分析。结果表明,与CK相比,T_(3)处理不仅能显著增加木薯株高和茎粗,还能提高木薯产量。在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到木薯根际土壤OTUs,分别为3603个(CK)、1688个(T_(1))、1276个(T_(2))和3317个(T_(3))。不同施肥方式改变土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,其物种多样性由高到低依次为:CK>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)。基于土壤细菌群落的PCoA和聚类分析,CK和T_(3)细菌群落结构组成较为相似,T_(1)与T_(2)细菌群落结构组成相似。不同施肥处理下木薯根际土壤中优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门。化肥减施配施有机肥增加了变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门的相对丰度。冗余性分析结果表明速效钾是影响木薯根际土壤菌群的主要效应因子。研究表明,化肥减量配施有机肥不仅能增加木薯的产量,还能改变木薯根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,为发展绿色、高效、可持续的木薯产业提供坚实的理论支撑。
文摘【目的】探讨不同氮素管理模式对玉米产量、N_(2)O排放的影响,为黄土旱塬区合理施用氮肥和减缓温室气体排放提供理论依据。【方法】依托中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,以春玉米先玉335为研究对象,开展为期2年的田间定位试验。试验共设置5种不同氮素管理模式:不施氮(no fertilizer)、传统施氮(Con,250 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮(Opt,200 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮+缓控释肥(Opt+SR,200 kg N·hm^(-2))、减量施氮+硝化抑制剂(Opt+DCD,200 kg N·hm^(-2))。用静态箱-气相色谱法监测N_(2)O排放通量,并计算全球增温潜势和N_(2)O气体排放强度,分析不同氮素管理模式对春玉米产量和N_(2)O排放的影响。【结果】(1)氮肥施用后N_(2)O排放迅速升高,在施肥后2 d左右达到峰值,维持10 d后快速下降。减量施氮模式显著降低N_(2)O排放量(P<0.05)。与Con处理相比,Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理N_(2)O排放量降低幅度分别为21.4%、27.6%和26.0%。Con、Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理的N_(2)O增温潜势依次为425.01、334.01、307.83、314.57 kg CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)。与Con处理相比,Opt+DCD显著降低了N_(2)O排放强度,降幅为30.1%(P<0.05)。(2)N_(2)O排放量与表层土壤NH4+-N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与土壤水分、温度无明显相关性。(3)与Con处理相比,Opt、Opt+DCD和Opt+SR处理能显著提高氮肥农学效率(增幅依次为25.5%、25.7%、22.2%)及氮肥偏生产力(增幅依次为29.9%、28.7%、25.4%)(P<0.05),但对春玉米的产量无显著影响。【结论】在黄土旱塬地区,适当减量施氮、缓控释肥及添加硝化抑制剂均能取得N_(2)O减排和玉米增产的效果,其中减氮20%并添加硝化抑制剂在保证玉米产量的同时,N_(2)O减排效果最好。