Based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI), the design method of reduced order controllers of mixed sensitivity problem is studied for flight control systems. It is shown that there exists a controller with order not ...Based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI), the design method of reduced order controllers of mixed sensitivity problem is studied for flight control systems. It is shown that there exists a controller with order not greater than the difference between the generalized plant order and the number of independent control variables, if the mixed sensitivity problem is solvable for strict regular flight control plants. The proof is constructive, and an approach to design such a controller can be obtained in terms of a pair of feasible solution to the well known 3 LMI. Finally, an example of mixed sensitivity problem for a flight control system is given to demonstrate practice of the approach.展开更多
Dithianon is a multi-site fungicide and has never been object of suspects and reports of reduced sensitivity and activity. Italian IFP technicians had the suspect of reductions of activity by this fungicide on </sp...Dithianon is a multi-site fungicide and has never been object of suspects and reports of reduced sensitivity and activity. Italian IFP technicians had the suspect of reductions of activity by this fungicide on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Venturia inaequalis.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methodologies, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were carried out to verify this suspect. Populations poorly controlled with suspects on dithianon and sensible ones </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were utilized. The tests </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> permitted to evidence light and non-significant</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> reductions of sensitivity of poorly controlled populations </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respect </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensible ones. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vivo tests</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on seedlings were non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reliable for a general low activity of dithianon. On the contrary, the original </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> methodology on grafted apple plants showed several reductions of activity, with moderate levels and a spot distribution in orchards. The cause was probably due to the increase</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treatments with dithianon caused by problems on other groups of fungicides and by a high infective pressure in some years. It is discussed if this reduction can be considered a resistance phenomenon or a temporary modification of the interactions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">plant-fungus-fungicide.展开更多
The working principle of radio remote controlling of construction machinery should be that signals of the radio wave from the transmitter obtained in the receiver were controlled and then changed into electronic analo...The working principle of radio remote controlling of construction machinery should be that signals of the radio wave from the transmitter obtained in the receiver were controlled and then changed into electronic analog or digital signals which can be used to drive different actuators and mechanisms of the vehicle.The vehicle could be acted by following the controlling instructions sent by the operator.The best operation mode of construction machinery is suitable not only to manual operating but also to remote controlling in the same vehicle.The design methods of the hydraulic system used for the radio remote controlling of construction machinery are discussed.The design methods of hydraulic circuits for the actuators controlled by solenoid on-off type valves,hydro-electronic multi-way proportional valves,closed loop proportional servo driver or three-way proportional reducing valves are discussed in detail (with real example).The design methods of the power shift transmission of electro-hydraulic controlling,the devices of braking and the directional streering are discussed in this paper.展开更多
The three ring reducer is studied both in theory and experiment. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics and reduce the vibration and noise, based on the sensitivity analysis of design parameters of dynamic c...The three ring reducer is studied both in theory and experiment. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics and reduce the vibration and noise, based on the sensitivity analysis of design parameters of dynamic characteristics, the system geometry parameters are optimized, and the structure of reducer is developed according to the optimum result, then the specimens of reducer are designed and manufactured. The effect of the structure development has been verified by comparing the original and developed reducer through the vibration tests.展开更多
基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China! ( 97E5 10 18) Shanghai Provincial Young Science Foundation of China !( 199910 18)
文摘Based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI), the design method of reduced order controllers of mixed sensitivity problem is studied for flight control systems. It is shown that there exists a controller with order not greater than the difference between the generalized plant order and the number of independent control variables, if the mixed sensitivity problem is solvable for strict regular flight control plants. The proof is constructive, and an approach to design such a controller can be obtained in terms of a pair of feasible solution to the well known 3 LMI. Finally, an example of mixed sensitivity problem for a flight control system is given to demonstrate practice of the approach.
文摘Dithianon is a multi-site fungicide and has never been object of suspects and reports of reduced sensitivity and activity. Italian IFP technicians had the suspect of reductions of activity by this fungicide on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Venturia inaequalis.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methodologies, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were carried out to verify this suspect. Populations poorly controlled with suspects on dithianon and sensible ones </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were utilized. The tests </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> permitted to evidence light and non-significant</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> reductions of sensitivity of poorly controlled populations </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respect </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensible ones. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In vivo tests</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on seedlings were non</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reliable for a general low activity of dithianon. On the contrary, the original </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vivo</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> methodology on grafted apple plants showed several reductions of activity, with moderate levels and a spot distribution in orchards. The cause was probably due to the increase</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> treatments with dithianon caused by problems on other groups of fungicides and by a high infective pressure in some years. It is discussed if this reduction can be considered a resistance phenomenon or a temporary modification of the interactions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">plant-fungus-fungicide.
文摘The working principle of radio remote controlling of construction machinery should be that signals of the radio wave from the transmitter obtained in the receiver were controlled and then changed into electronic analog or digital signals which can be used to drive different actuators and mechanisms of the vehicle.The vehicle could be acted by following the controlling instructions sent by the operator.The best operation mode of construction machinery is suitable not only to manual operating but also to remote controlling in the same vehicle.The design methods of the hydraulic system used for the radio remote controlling of construction machinery are discussed.The design methods of hydraulic circuits for the actuators controlled by solenoid on-off type valves,hydro-electronic multi-way proportional valves,closed loop proportional servo driver or three-way proportional reducing valves are discussed in detail (with real example).The design methods of the power shift transmission of electro-hydraulic controlling,the devices of braking and the directional streering are discussed in this paper.
文摘The three ring reducer is studied both in theory and experiment. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics and reduce the vibration and noise, based on the sensitivity analysis of design parameters of dynamic characteristics, the system geometry parameters are optimized, and the structure of reducer is developed according to the optimum result, then the specimens of reducer are designed and manufactured. The effect of the structure development has been verified by comparing the original and developed reducer through the vibration tests.