Lactose-free milk powder can effectively relieve diarrhea symptoms in weaning SD rats and children

Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase deficiency.In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with diarrhea.Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or not.The results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from diarrhea.And 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota disorder.In conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

Simultaneous Determination of 2- and 3-MCPD Esters in Infant Formula Milk Powder and Edible Vegetable Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (MCPD) are significative contaminants of processed edible oils used as foods or food ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method by GC-MS for the simultaneous quantification of 2 and 3-MCPD esters in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils. The developed protocol included fat fraction in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils samples was extracted and treated with sodium methylate-methanol to cleave the ester bonds of the 2- and 3-MCPD esters, moreover, standard samples of deuterium isotope-labeled 2- and 3-MCPD palmitic acid double esters and stearic acid double esters were used as the internal standards. Furthermore, this method was validated when it was applied to food products, concrete manifestation in its good accuracy (the recovery of MCPD esters ranged from 86% to 114%), high sensitivity (the LOD of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters were 0.025 and 0.020 mg/kg, LOQ were 0.075, 0.060 mg/kg, respectively) and satisfactory repeatability (RSD below 6.8%) for all analytes. In the 150 commercial edible vegetable oils and infant formula milk powder samples, we obtained a preliminary profile of MCPD ester contamination.

Design of Multifunctional Milk Powder Spoon Based on Environment-friendly and Developmental Concept

Recycling of junks is positive for the environmental protection.Along with the proposal of three-child policy,purchase volume of milk powder surely will experience a drastic growth,and the milk powder spoon as an affiliated product will win the attention of parents.Against the background of consumption upgrading,consumers have had higher requirements on the humanization and safety design of products.Most of milk powder spoons on the market are plastic,and the disposal of waste milk powder spoon has gradually become a burden for the environment.Based on the environment-friendly and developmental concept,and also the characteristics of infant development,this paper proposed the“in-one”design,applied color and tactile designs into the milk powder design,chose food grade silicone to make the milk powder spoon not only a spoon but also a baby teether toy,so as to expand the service life and functions of the product,meet the requirements of saving energy,protecting environment and developing circular economy,which also to some extent reduces the burden on environment brought by plastics,improves the efficiency of junk recycling,and meet the individualized needs of consumers.

Major and trace elemental analysis in milk powder by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA)

Major and trace element in seven different kinds of milk powder were studied. The concentration of 24 elements were determined by ICP OES method, from these elements 9 elements determined by INAA. The determination of trace element contents of foodstuffs, especially milk as daily drink for all peoples age which being a complex food has great importance. The elemental analysis of milk is important both as an indicator of environmental contamination and because milk is a significant pathway for toxic metal intake and a source of essential nutrients for humans. The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S. While trace element are B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn. ICP OES technique is shown to be a powerful tool for trace determinations in powder samples. This is shown by its use for analysis of a series of the milk powders mentioned and comparative results of other direct technique such as instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analysis of both standard reference material A 11 milk powder and NBS Orchard leaves for quality accurance had been completed, and used for a relative method calculate. The importance of the major and trace elements to human health was discussed.

Study on screening potential allergenic proteins from infant milk powders based on human mast cell membrane chromatography and histamine release assays

Cow's milk allergy is mainly observed in infants and young children. Most allergic reactions affect the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Conventional diagnosis is based on positive allergy studies and evaluation of parameters including IgE and IgG1 levels, acute allergic skin response and anaphylactic shock reactions. We developed a cell membrane chromatographic(CMC)method based on human mast cells(HMC-1) for screening potential allergens in infant formula milk powders(IFMP). HMC-1 cell membranes were extracted and mixed with silica to prepare cell membrane chromatography columns(10 mm ? 2 mm i.d., 5 mm). Under the conditions of 0.2 mL/min flow rate and214 nm detection wavelength, human breast milk showed no retention. However, IFMP showed clear retention. The retained fractions were collected and analyzed through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Four major milk proteins, i.e., α-casein, β-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin A, were identified. Furthermore, these proteins and β-lactoglobulin B showed clear retention on HMC-1/CMC columns. To test the degranulation effects of the five proteins, histamine and β-hexosaminidase release assays were carried out. All five proteins induced HMC-1 cells to release histamine and β-hexosaminidase. Also, we established a reversed phase liquid chromatographic(RPLC) method for the determination of the five proteins in IFMP and the results showed that 90% proteins in IFMP were α-casein and β-casein. We concluded that cow's milk proteins may be potential allergens and caseins cause more β-casein allergic risk than other proteins. This conclusion was consistent with other studies.

Quantitative Analysis of Cr in Milk Powder by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy( LIBS)

At present, heavy metal pollution in food occurs frequently, which requires a novel method for rapid detection. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a new technique for rapid and environmental friendly detection, but it lacks high sensitivity and stability which restrict its development. In this study, Cr-polluted infant milk powder was used as experimental material to explore the feasibility of the application of LIBS technique in food safety detection. Aiming at improving the precision and accuracy of Cr detection by LIBS technique, LIBS spectra of samples were collected by a spectrometer with an intensified charge-cou- pled device （ICCD） using three gratings with different resolutions to comprehensively compare and analyze the stability, sensitivity and quantitative analysis accura- cy of LIBS detection. The results showed that average relative standard deviation （RSD） of LIBS spectral intensity was below 10%, indicating good stability. LIBS signals were collected by three gratings for quantitative analysis, and the results demonstrated that the linear correlation coefficient R2 of fitting curves was 0. 248 87, 0.903 12 and 0.992 81, respectively; the relative errors between actual and predicted concentrations were 38.23%, 8.84% and 7.43%, respectively, indicating that gratings with higher resolutions could lead to higher linear correlation coefficient and better detection accuracy. According to the results, high-resolu- tion spectrometer could significantly improve the accuracy of LIBS detection of Cr concentration in milk powder, suggesting that it is feasible to detect heavy metals in food by LIBS technique with the improvement of core device performance.

Use of fluorometry for determination of skim milk powder adulteration in fresh milk

A FAST (fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and Soluble Tryptophan) method for identification of recon- stituted milk made from skim milk powder in the fresh milk was developed. Considering milk and skim milk powders variations from different seasons and countries, milk was collected from different dairy farms in different seasons and skim milk powders were collected from different countries to measure the Tryptophan (Trp), advanced Maillard products (AMP) fluorescence values. The results showed that there were differences (P<0.01) between raw and reconstituted milk. The plot of values in each mixed level of raw and reconstituted milk had a correlation coefficient >0.97. The FAST method is a simple, rapid, low-cost and sensitive method enabling the detection of 5% reconstituted milk in fresh milk. The measurement of the Trp, AMP fluorescence values and calculation of the FAST index is a suitable method for large-scale monitoring of fresh milk samples.

Fluorescence-based PCR Detection of Goat Milk Powder Mixed with Cow Milk

[Objectives]To amplify and identify the specific gene fragments of cattle and sheep by real-time fluorescence-based PCR,and quickly and accurately identify the adulteration problem of goat milk powder according to the differences of mitochondrial genes among different species.[Methods]The specificity,limit of detection and repeatability test were carried out by isolating somatic cells,extracting template DNA and determining the reaction conditions of real-time fluorescence-based PCR.[Results]The real-time fluorescence-based PCR method could be used to identify the bovine and ovine-derived materials of milk powder with high specificity,high sensitivity and good repeatability,and the limit of detection of milk components in goat milk powder could reach 0.01%.[Conclusions]The real-time fluorescence-based PCR method can be used to quickly and accurately detect the milk components in goat milk powder,and provide some technical support for the adulteration detection of dairy industry.

Determination of Iron in Baby Weaning Food and Powder Milk

Infant formula provides the largest, if not sole, source of nutrition for an extended interval;the nutritional adequacy of the formula must be confirmed and the indications for its use were well understood. Both iron deficiency and iron excess during the fetal and neonatal period bode poorly for developing organ systems. Voltammetry is analytical method based on current potential measurements in electrochemical cells. In this study the concentration of iron in four brands of powder milk and baby food (based on rice and based on wheat) was analyzed with DPASV and voltammeter device. Total Means ± SE of Iron in baby foods and powder milk (n = 40) were 8.55 ± 1.18 mg/100g, 5.21 ± 0.66 respectively. Iron level in baby food type I and II was lower than labeled value (p p < 0.05).

Kinetic Determination of Urea in Milk Powder by Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique

To detect urea content in milk powder, a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique was developed. In our study, Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction (B-Z) was performed using milk powder and malonic acid as main dissipative substances. The same dosage of milk powder with or without artificially added urea was introduced to “H+ + Ce4+ + + malonic acid” oscillating system, respectively, and nonlinear chemical fingerprints of different milk powder were thus obtained. The proposed method was based on a linear relationship between inductive time of non-linear chemical fingerprints and urea content in milk powder, which held when urea content in milk powder was in the range of 0 - 40 mg/g. A detection limit of 7.8 × 10-3mg/g was also obtained. Our results showed that the method could be used to certify urea content in milk powder without pretreatment of samples, which was more simple and economical compared with traditional methods.

Determination of Zn and Mg in Milk Powder Samples Using Conventional and Alternative Sample Preparations and FAAS

Conventional procedures for sample preparation, such as calcination and acid digestion, were compared with an alternative procedure: alkaline solubilization and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The procedures were evaluated by the application of the mentioned sample preparation and subsequent determination of Mg and Zn in milk powder samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was not suitable for Zn and Mg extraction, whereas alkaline solubilization using TMAH was efficient only for determination of Mg.

Zinc-carrying Shenguo Milk Powder

Zinc is one of the trace elements necessary to the human body. It can produce an important effect on the growth of the human body, the intelligence, immunity, and the functions of internal secretion and metabolism. Bezoar acid is one of the amino acid necessary to the body, especially to babies. It plays an important part in helping the growth of the brains, the work of the nervous system, and the functions of the eyes.

Qingshan Brand Milk Powder with Tea

Qingshan brand milk powder with teais produced by the Inner Mongolia QingshanMilk Holdings Co.Ltd.It is prepared on thebasis of the original taste of Inner Mongolianmilk with tea and a folk tonic prescription.The fresh milk and fine pressed tea areprocessed into a powder through sterilizing,vacuum-condensing and dry spraying.

基于电子鼻和一维拉普拉斯卷积核的奶粉基粉产地鉴别

奶粉基粉是配方奶粉的基础原材料,其产地影响到终端乳制品的品质。本文提出了一种电子鼻技术与一维拉普拉斯卷积核相结合的基粉奶源地判别方法。通过电子鼻采集样本数据,经过时域信号对齐,尝试使用不同阶数的一维拉普拉斯卷积核进行特征提取,并对比了统计数字特征、快速傅里叶变换、离散余弦变换等其他特征提取方法,最后使用偏最小二乘及可视化进行可分性分析。实验结果发现快速傅里叶变换、离散余弦变换、二阶的一维拉普拉斯卷积核相对于原始特征均有效提升了可分性,偏最小二乘的R2效应量从0.61分别提升到0.95、0.96和1.00。一维拉普拉斯卷积核特征提取方法能够准确区分产自国内和国外(澳大利亚)的基粉,在案例研究中取得了最优判别效果,说明其能够有效提取到电子鼻各通道序列信号的时间响应特征。该方法能够完成中澳两国奶粉基粉样本的区分工作,为快速鉴定奶粉基粉来源提供技术支撑。

基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析加速氧化过程中全脂牛羊乳粉挥发性化合物

为探究全脂牛羊乳粉在储存过程中风味物质的变化,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱技术对加速氧化过程中全脂牛羊乳粉挥发性化合物进行分析。研究表明,全脂牛乳粉和全脂羊乳粉中分别鉴定出56、63种挥发性物质,主要为酸类、醇类、羰基类、酯类、芳香族类、杂环类等挥发性化合物。通过主成分分析和聚类热图分析,在全脂牛羊乳粉中筛选出10种显著性差异挥发性化合物,全脂牛乳粉在储存过程中丁酸相对含量降低,2-壬酮、1-氯戊烷相对含量升高;全脂羊乳粉中壬醛、辛酸、丙酸、丁羟甲苯相对含量降低,苯甲醛、2-庚酮、烯丙基正丙酯相对含量升高。

儿童配方奶粉对小鼠骨骼发育影响的研究

该研究比较2种奶粉对地塞米松诱导小鼠骨骼发育不良的调节作用。选取雌性ICR小鼠,随机分为对照组、地塞米松组、地塞米松+奶粉1组、地塞米松+奶粉2组,分别给予相应饲料饲喂8周,采用肌肉注射1 mg/kg地塞米松建立骨骼发育不良模型,每周3次,实验结束时检测基础指标、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的变化。结果表明,与地塞米松组相比,2种奶粉添加后都能改善小鼠的骨微结构。血清生化分析表明,奶粉补充后血清骨转换标志物水平上升,血清促炎细胞因子水平下降,抗炎细胞因子水平增加,血清中钙含量增加。肠道菌群分析表明,奶粉补充后能显著改变肠道菌群的组成。在门水平上,奶粉1的添加增加了Verrucomicrobiota的相对丰度,奶粉2的添加增加了Firmicutes的相对丰度,降低了Bacteroidota的相对丰度。在属水平上,奶粉1的添加能上调Akkermansia和Alloprevotella的相对丰度,而奶粉2的添加能上调Lactobacillus和Lachnoclostridium的相对丰度。综上所述,2种奶粉都能促进骨骼发育,而调节机制存在差异,这可能与不同奶粉配方的独特组成有关。

基于Real-time PCR法检测乳粉中牛源性成分定量研究

基于Real-timePCR建立了乳粉中牛源性成分相对定量检测方法,并对牛的特异性引物与探针进行了特异性、灵敏度和稳定性测试。通过模拟不同浓度牛乳粉与马乳粉混合样本,根据其△Ct值的函数关系进行线性拟合进而绘制标准曲线,建立乳粉中牛源性成分的相对定量检测。结果显示,该方法的最低检测限为0.00001 mg/mL,回收率为91.11%~119.2%,组间变异系数≤0.58%、组内变异系数≤1.44%。说明该方法在特异性与稳定性上适用于乳粉中牛源性成分及含量的掺假检测。

基于残差网络模型的速溶全脂奶粉分散性与堆积密度检测方法

针对传统的奶粉品质国际标准检测方法中存在的主观性和滞后性等问题,本研究提出了一种基于残差网络(residual network,ResNet)的奶粉分散性和堆积密度的快速分类检测方法。在本研究中,使用的数据集包括499张在10倍光学显微镜下拍摄的速溶全脂奶粉颗粒微观分布图像,这些图像来自10个不同的样本组。首先,按照国际标准方法检测这10组样本的分散性和堆积密度,进而基于测试结果划分不同的分散性和堆积密度级别。随后,利用这些微观图像对ResNet模型进行训练,以实现对不同样本的有效分类。最终,通过分类结果预测速溶全脂奶粉的分散性、松散密度和振实密度。此外,本研究还对比了ResNet、EfficientNetV2和SwinTransformer等不同深度学习模型的预测效果。结果表明,基于ResNet152的深度学习模型在预测速溶全脂奶粉的分散性、松散密度和振实密度方面表现最佳,其在测试集上的准确率分别达到97.50%、98.75%和95.00%。这些深度学习模型在奶粉品质检测中的出色性能不仅证明了该方法能够实时、准确地预测奶粉的分散性和堆积密度,同时也为奶粉品质的在线检测提供了新的技术途径。

婴幼儿奶粉中多种掺假物近红外高光谱图像检测方法

奶粉市场是食品掺假行为频发领域,其中婴幼儿配方奶粉价格高,其质量是消费者、生产企业和执法部门关注的重点。近红外高光谱成像(Near infrared-hyperspectral imaging,NIR-HSI)技术结合化学计量学和机器学习算法可以检测奶粉中单一掺假物含量。基于NIR-HSI技术研究了不同品牌婴幼儿奶粉中多掺假物(三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉)的定量预测。对基于像素点预处理后的高光谱图像划分感兴趣区域(Region of interest,ROI),提取ROI平均光谱。基于经典的过滤式特征选择算法拉普拉斯分数(Laplacian score)(无监督)和ReliefF(有监督)挑选建模关键变量,建立偏最小二乘回归模型(Partial least squares,PLS)。开发包含自定义选择层的一维卷积神经网络模型(One-dimensional convolutional neural networks,1DCNN)。自定义层根据权重系数绝对值,可确定重要波长变量。Laplacian score-PLS模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉质量分数预测结果均方根误差分别为0.1110%、0.0570%、0.0349%和0.3481%。ReliefF-PLS模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉预测结果均方根误差分别为0.1998%、0.0540%、0.0455%和0.1823%。1DCNN模型对预测集中奶粉、三聚氰胺、香兰素和淀粉质量分数预测结果均方根误差分别为0.8561%、0.0911%、0.0644%和0.2942%。对Laplacian score、ReliefF和自定义选择层挑选出的前15个重要波长进行对比分析,不同特征选择方法挑选的特征波长子集有所区别,但都选择1210、1474、1524、1680 nm等附近波长。基于ReliefF-PLS模型的可视化结果表明了其良好的预测能力。