Nitrate reductase activity and its diurnal variation rhythm for Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different plant organs and leaves in different positions of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings was determined by an In vivo assay, the diurnal variation rhythm of NRA in leaves of different positions was observed,and the correlations between leaf NRA, leaf area and lamina mass per unit area (LMA) were also examined. The results showed that NRA in the leaf was significantly highest, compared with that in other organs such as roots, stems and leaves. In this experiment, the 10 leaves were selected from the apex to the base of the seedlings in order. The different NRA occurred obviously in leaves of different positions of C. acuminata seedlings from the apex to the base, and NRA was higher in the 4th-6th leaves.The diurnal change rhythm of leaf NRA showed a one peak curve, and maximum NRA value appeared at about midday (at 12:30 or so). No obvious correlations between NRA and leaf area or lamina mass per unit area were observed. This study offered scientific foundation for the further research on nitrogen metabolism of C. acuminata.

Dynamic Changes of Nitrate Reductase Activity within 24 Hours

[Objective] The research aimed to study the circadian rhythm of nitrate re- ductase activity （NRA） in plant. [Method] The wheat plants at heading stage were used as the materials for the measurement of dynamic changes of nitrate reductase activity （NRA） within 24 h under the conditions of constant high temperature. [Resulti The fluctuation of NRA in wheat changed greatly from 20：00 pm to 11：00 am. The enzyme activity remained constant, but at 14：00 the enzyme activity was the high- est, higher than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at11：00. The enzyme activity was the lowest of 17：00, which was lower than all the other time points except the enzyme activity measured at 2：00. [Conclusion] There were autonomous rhythm changes of NRA in wheat in a certain degree.

A Modified Method for Measuring Root Iron Reductase Activity Under Normal Laboratory Conditions

Based on the strong chelating property of bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid (BPDS) with root chelate reductase activity is usually measured with a spectrophotometer using MES (2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid) or HEPES (2-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl) ethanesulfonic acid) buffer in the dark because of high autoreduction rate of in the presence of light. However, the exclusion of light is inconvenient, especially when analyzing a large number of samples. The objective of this study was to develop a new method for determination of root reductase activity under normal laboratory conditions using a suitable buffer composition and concentration to eliminate the autoreduction of A modified method using a Tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol) buffer at pH 7.5 instead of MES or HEPES buffer and a decreased FeEDTA (Fe ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) concentration of 50 μmol L-1 was developed. The autoreduction of using the Tris buffer was undetectable for temperatures at 4 and 28 °C and was also much lower than that using the other buffers even with sunlight during measurement of reduction. Furthermore, the differences in reductase activity among 5 plant species and 14 red clover cultivars (Trifolium pratense L.) could be easily detected with the modified method. The method developed in this study to measure root Fe chelate reductase activity was not only effective and reliable but also easily managed under normal laboratory light conditions.

Eff ects of temperature on photosynthetic performance and nitrate reductase activity in vivo assay in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is an economically-valued species and widely cultured in China at present.After being acclimated to diff erent growth temperatures(15,20,25,and 30°C)for 7 days,the relative growth rate(RGR),nitrate reductase activity,soluble protein content and chlorophyll a fl uorescence of G.lemaneiformis were examined.Results show that RGR was markedly aff ected by temperature especially at 20°C at which G.lemaneiformis exhibited the highest eff ective quantum yield of PSII[Y(II)]and lightsaturated electron transport rate(ETR max),but the lowest non-photochemical quenching.Irrespective of growth temperature,the nitrate reductase activity increased with the incubation temperature from 15 to 30°C.In addition,the greatest nitrate reductase activity was found in the thalli grown at 20°C.The value of temperature coeffi cient Q10 of alga cultured in 15°C was the greatest among those of other temperatures tested.Results indicate that the optimum temperature for nitrate reductase synthesis was relatively lower than that for nitrate reductase activity,and the relationship among growth,photosynthesis,and nitrate reductase activity showed that the optimum temperature for activity of nitrate reductase in vivo assay should be the same to the optimal growth temperature.

Effects of allelochemicals on activity of nitrate reductase

Study on the effects of allelochemicals such as trans \|ferulic acid ( t \|FA), benzoic acid (BA) and p \|hydroxybenzoic acid ( p \|HA), isolated from decomposed wheat straw on the activity of nitrate reductase at different concentrations of allelochemicals and different pH is described. t \|FA (0.26, 2.58 and 5.15 mmol/L) and BA (4.09, 8.19 mmol/L) showed a certain inhibition to the activity of nitrate reductase. The highest inhibition rate was 18.40%, but BA (0.41 mmol/L) and p \|HA (0.36, 1.81 and 3.62 mmol/L) showed stimulation, the more strong stimulation rate was 15.80%. At pH 6 condition, the activity of nitrate reductase was stronger inhibited than pH 7 and pH 8, but the mixture of 3 allelochemicals at pH 6 showed a stimulation. The mixture, however, at pH 7 and pH 8 showed some inhibition. It was found that there was a relationship between production of NO\+-\-2 and transformation of NO\+-\-3.

Influences of NR2B-containing NMDA Receptors Knockdown on Neural Activity in Hippocampal Newborn Neurons

Summary： Adult-bom neurons undergo a transient period of plasticity during their integration into the neural circuit. This transient plasticity may involve NMDA receptors containing NR2B, the major sub unit expressed at early developmental stages. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of NR2B gene knockdown on the functional integration of the adult-born granule cells gen- erated from the subgranule zone （SGZ） in the hippocampus. The small interfering RNA （siRNA） was used to knock down the NR2B gene in the adult-born hippocampal neurons. In the functional integration test, the mice were exposed to a novel environment （open field arena）, and the expression of c-fos was immunohistochemically detected in the hippocampus. After exposure to the novel environment, siRNA-NR2B mice were significantly different from control mice in either the number of squares or the number of rears they crossed, showing decreased horizontal and vertical activity （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the c-fos expression was increased in both control and siRNA-NR2B mice after open field test. But, it was significantly lower in siRNA-NR2B neurons than in control neurons. It was concluded that the neu- ral activity of newborn neurons is regulated by their own NR2B-containing NMDA glutamate receptors during a short, critical period after neuronal birth.

Effect of Repetitive Bleeding on NADH-Cytochrome b_5 Methemoglobin Reductase Activity and Molybdenum Content in Erythrocytes of Rats

Reticulocytosls in rats was induced by repetitive bleeding. Both the in vitro and the in vivo studies showed that the detected reductive speed of methemoglobin of the bleeding group was faster than that of the control group at all time intervals. At the same time, the NADH-cytochrome b5 methemoglobin reductase activity and the molybdenum content in erythrocytes of the bleeding group were significantly increased. Regressional analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the enzyme activity and the molybdenum content. It is proposed that molybdenum might be required for the enzyme activity

Inhibitory roles of protein kinase B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase promoter activity

Since we had previously demonstrated that siRNAs to tristetraprolin (TTP) markedly inhibited insulin stimulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) transcription, we investigated the effects of transfecting rat liver with TTP constructs. We found that transfecting diabetic rats with TTP did not increase HMGR transcription but rather led to modest inhibition. We then investigated whether co-transfection with protein kinase B, hepatic form (AKT2), might lead to phosphorylation and result in activation of HMGR transcription. We found that this treatment resulted in near complete inhibition of transcription. Transfection with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator (PGC-1a) also inhibited HMGR transcription. These results show that although TTP is needed for activation of HMGR transcription, it cannot by itself activate this process. AKT2 and PGC-1a, which mediate the activation of gluconeogenic genes by insulin, exert the opposite effect on HMGR.

背景音乐联合分娩球干预对水囊试产初产妇产程活跃期NRS评分及总产程的影响

目的 分析对水囊试产初产妇应用背景音乐联合分娩球干预的临床价值及对其产程活跃期疼痛数字评分法(NRS)评分、总产程的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2020年10月周口市第一人民医院收治的接受水囊试产初产妇80例,根据随机数字表法均分为两组,即对照组、研究组,各40例。对照组接受传统助产模式干预,研究组接受背景音乐+分娩球联合干预。评价及对比两组的产程活跃期疼痛数字评分法(NRS)评分、总产程用时、产后出血情况、心理状态。结果 研究组的产程活跃期NRS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有产妇均为阴道分娩,研究组的第一产程、第二产程、第三产程、总产程时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组在产后不同时间的出血量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的焦虑、抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对水囊试产初产妇应用背景音乐联合分娩球干预,可以有效减轻产程活跃期疼痛感,缩短总产程用时,有效预防产后大出血,改善初产妇不良心理状态。

芳纶帘线与NR的粘合性能研究

用自制的水溶性高活性改性环氧树脂（ＳＪＲ２）与预缩合间苯二酚甲醛树脂（ＳＪＲ１）的混合水溶液作芳纶帘线的粘合活化剂，然后浸渍由ＳＪＲ１配制的间苯二酚甲醛胶乳（ＲＦＬ）浸渍液，可使芳纶帘线获得与ＮＲ优异的粘合性能。芳纶带束层航空轮胎中芳纶帘线与胶料的粘合性能优于全尼龙轮胎中的尼龙帘线。

不同蛋白质含量小麦品种叶片NRA与氮素积累关系的研究

以鲁麦５号和昌乐５号两种不同蛋白质含量小麦品种为材料，研究了各生育期叶片ＮＲＡ与氮素积累的关系。其结果是，在不同施氮量下，各生育期叶片ＮＲＡ、ＮＯ－３－Ｎ、ＮＨ２－Ｎ、还原Ｎ含量皆随施氮量增加而增加，但生育前期昌乐５号的皆大于鲁麦５号，而生育后期则相反，鲁麦５号的皆大于昌乐５号，籽粒蛋白质含量亦为鲁麦５号高于昌乐５号。

Effect of Foliar Application of Amino Acid on the Quality and Enzyme Activity of Flowering Chinese Cabbage(Brassica parachinensis Bailey)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of foliar application of glycine,alanine,lysine,and glutamic acid in 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg upon the quality and enzyme activity of flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica parachinensis Bailey）.The results showed that all the application of these four amino acids could increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage,significantly raise the content of soluble sugar,and reduce the accumulation of nitrate.The applications of three other amino acids except alanine can increase the content of soluble proteins and decrease the accumulation of oxalic acid.However,the application of amino acid has insignificant influences on the SPAD number of chlorophyll,and causes the decrease of Vitamin C content.Meanwhile,the application of amino acid can improve the activity of nitrate reductase（NR） and glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH） as well.It shows that the application of amino acid is beneficial to improve ammonia metabolism,reduce the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid,increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble proteins,and improve the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage.

外源硝酸还原酶(NR)抑制剂对油菜植株内NR活性的影响及其与硝酸盐含量的关系

为进一步揭示硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)活性的调控机制及其与植株体内硝酸盐含量的关系。本试验在正常供氮(15 mmol L^(–1)NO_3~–)和缺氮(7.5 mmol L^(–1)NO_3~–)条件下,以氮高效(H1:742和H2:Xiangyou 15)和氮低效(L1:814和L2:H8)油菜基因型为研究材料,通过NR活性的专性抑制剂处理,研究NR活性和硝酸盐含量的基因型和氮水平差异。结果表明,NR专性抑制剂处理可以显著降低叶片NR活性,正常供氮和缺氮条件下分别降低53.0%和57.6%,但对叶片硝酸盐的含量没有显著影响。正常供氮条件下的NR活性和硝酸盐含量比缺氮条件下分别高46.9%和16.4%。氮高效油菜基因型的硝酸盐含量显著低于氮低效基因型。H2的NR活性(NRA_(act))显著高于氮低效基因型的本质原因是其主效基因(nia2)的相对表达量高于氮低效基因型。本研究充分表明NR活性和硝酸盐含量存在明显的基因型和氮水平差异,一定程度的NR活性变化对植株体内硝酸盐的含量并没有显著的影响。

不同氮素形态配比对花榈木幼苗根系生长及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响

为探究最适于花榈木幼苗生长的氮素形态配比,采用氮素形态配比为NH_(4)^(+)∶NO_(3)^(-)=10∶0、5∶5、0∶10及以改良霍格兰标准营养液为对照的营养液,共4个处理,对花榈木1 a生幼苗进行处理。结果表明,处理期间氮素配比为NH_(4)^(+)∶NO_(3)^(-)=5∶5时,花榈木幼苗根系形态指标及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均显著大于其他处理,可知花榈木幼苗根系喜欢混合氮源,且铵硝1∶1均衡配比更利于氮素吸收和代谢,而单一氮源营养液对于花榈木幼苗生长的促进效果不佳,其中全铵营养液会抑制幼苗生长,降低硝酸还原酶活性。

枫香种源生物量和NRA对供氮水平的响应差异

为研究不同纬度枫香种源经过无营养胁迫生长后对供氮水平的响应差异,按种源与氮2因素裂区设计砂培试验,以N水平为主处理,枫香种源为副处理,3次重复,随机排列(水平内种源间)。结果表明:低氮胁迫会刺激枫香叶片提前形成花青素变红,且低纬区种源变红早于高纬区种源;另外低纬区种源与高纬区种源硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)存在各自的变化规律。以最高生物量为对照,在0 N水平下福建延平种源生物量降低最少(54.54%),且具有较高的生物量,但其在2N水平生物量迅速降低,耐肥性较差;其它种源生物量变化趋势一致。各种源根冠比从0 N到1/2 N水平均迅速降低:广西南丹>福建延平>浙江永康>安徽泾县,即随着纬度的升高,枫香种源根冠比受N的影响越来越小。统计分析发现,福建延平种源在无N及低N水平时NRA极显著高于其它种源,且具有较高生物量,受环境影响较小(主要是棚内重复间光照的差异),可以认为福建延平是优良的耐低N型种源。

不同氮肥运筹对超高产小麦NR活性和产量影响的研究

通过三种氮肥处理试验,研究了氮肥运筹对各生育期NR活性及产量、产量性状的影响,阐述了NR活性与产量和产量性状的关系。结果表明:从分蘖期始,小麦叶片NR活性表现出逐渐上升的趋势,至开花期达到最高,其后又逐渐下降。不同氮肥处理的NR活性在分蘖至孕穗差异不大,在孕穗之后,氮肥一次底施的处理一的NR活性明显低于药隔期追施的处理二和处理三。药隔期追施氮肥可明显促进成穗数、穗长、结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重等产量性状的增加,对提高产量具有重要作用。对两种类型品种,普通型的豫麦41号宜采用药隔期重施追肥,而大粒型的兰考86(79)则以药隔期补施氮较好。NR活性与产量、产量性状的相关关系,在分蘖至拔节期间表现不密切,但孕穗至成熟期间与产量的相关系数均达高度正相关,与穗粒数、穗粒重的相关关系也较为密切,反映出通过药隔期追施氮肥,增加小麦中后期NR活性对提高产量是非常重要的。

不同生物制剂处理对烤烟打顶后碳氮代谢关键酶活性和Inv/NR比值的影响

采用不同生物制剂处理对打顶后烤烟烟叶中碳氮代谢关键酶硝酸还原酶(Nitrate reductase,NR)、转化酶(invert-ase,Inv)和淀粉酶(amylase,AM)活性变化以及Inv/NR比值进行了研究。结果表明:施加生物制剂在一定程度上提高了叶片中NR、Inv和AM酶活性,增强了叶片的碳氮代谢,刺激上部叶扩展开片,各个处理间碳氮代谢调节效果表现为T1>T2>T3;施加生物制剂10 d后Inv/NR比值开始较CK高,中下部叶T3处理在成熟后期Inv/NR比值过高,对烟叶品质不利,T1和T2处理后氮代谢向碳代谢的转化较CK晚,上部叶碳氮代谢的减弱缓慢,延长了烟叶的成熟时间。综上所述,T1处理对碳氮代谢的调节效果最好,T2其次,T3最差。

氮胁迫对甜菜幼苗生理以及相关NRTs基因表达的影响

为了深入研究缺氮环境下甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)的氮利用调控机制,并为利用分子育种以及基因工程途径提高植物的氮利用率奠定基础,本研究以甜菜幼苗‘780016B/12优’为试材,通过对其施加低氮和缺氮逆境胁迫,利用表型观察、叶绿素含量的测定以及相关基因和酶活性的应答变化分析,来研究甜菜植株在生理以及分子方面的应答机制。研究结果表明,甜菜叶片由于缺氮而表现出局部变黄,并且SPAD值显示,叶绿素含量随逆境时间呈下降趋势。qPCR表明,BvNRT2.1和BvNRT3.2基因均受到低氮和缺氮胁迫的诱导,且它们在根部的表达量要高于叶中,BvNRT2.1基因对逆境的应答更为显著。同时,随着胁迫时间的增长,甜菜体内的硝酸还原酶活性逐渐下降,但叶片中该酶的活性始终要高于根中。因此可以得出结论,低氮或缺氮逆境对甜菜幼苗的光合作用、硝酸还原酶活性造成了较为严重的影响,从而导致其生长在一定程度上受到抑制。可以推断,为了适应氮胁迫环境,甜菜自身可能通过上调硝酸盐转运蛋白基因的表达等途径来直接或间接的补偿由于环境氮缺乏或低氮造成的营养缺失,以抵御逆境伤害。

CO_2倍增对不同氮水平下小麦幼苗根系及叶片NR活性的影响

以小麦品种‘小偃22’幼苗为材料,采用开顶式气室和水培实验研究了不同供氮水平(2.5、5.0、10.0和15.0 mmol.L-1)下小麦幼苗植株生长量、根系形态、有机碳分泌速率和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性对大气CO2浓度升高的响应。结果显示,大气CO2浓度倍增均增加了小麦幼苗各生长阶段根冠生物量以及根系长度、面积、有机碳分泌速率和叶片NR活性。随供氮水平的提高,各生长阶段幼苗根冠生物量、根长和面积以及叶片NR活性呈上升趋势,而有机碳分泌速率呈下降趋势;根冠比变化不同阶段表现不一致,一叶一心期呈下降趋势,二叶一心期和三叶一心期分别以15.0和10.0 mmol.L-1氮水平较高。研究表明,大气CO2浓度升高可促进小麦幼苗根系生长和有机碳分泌速率,提高其氮素同化能力;增加介质供氮有利于高CO2浓度条件下小麦幼苗根冠生长和氮素同化,提高根冠比,减少根系有机碳过度分泌引起的碳损耗。

淹涝胁迫和供氮形态对苗期玉米NR和GS活性的影响

采用砂培培养方法比较研究模拟淹涝胁迫和3种供氮形态NO-3-N、NH+4-N和NO-3-N与NH+4-N等体积混合(NO-3-NH+4)对苗期玉米的生长、植株根系、茎鞘和叶硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性以及木质部伤流液和叶片硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:根系是苗期玉米对淹涝胁迫最敏感的部位。在淹涝胁迫处理7 d后,整株生物量的抗淹涝胁迫系数从大到小依次为NH+4-N处理、NO-3-N处理、NO-3-NH+4处理。淹涝胁迫对NH+4-N处理的GS活性没有明显影响,但却导致NO-3-N处理叶片的NR活性明显下降,降低幅度高达60%以上;同时,淹涝胁迫也造成NO-3-N处理的木质部伤流液中的硝态氮的质量和叶片的硝态氮含量呈显著降低的趋势,说明在淹涝胁迫条件下,NO-3-N处理自根系运输至地上部参与同化的硝态氮的量明显降低。结论:在本试验的模拟淹涝胁迫和供氮水平下,NH+4-N处理苗期玉米的NR和GS活性对淹涝胁迫的适应能力相对高于NO-3-N和NO-3-NH+4处理。