The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the patt...The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the pattern of substituting aquaculture wastewater irrigation for fertilizer supplementing is conducive to improving the soil nitrogen status,fruit yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency for tomato production.In this context,the experiment was intended to establish the appropriate irrigation regime of aquaculture wastewater in tomato production for freshwater replacement and fertilizer reduction to ensure good yields.Pot experiments were conducted with treatments as farmers accustomed to irrigation and fertilization used as control(CK),1.75 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W1),2 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer;and 2.25 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W3).We examined the effects of aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil nitrogen distribution,Nrelated hydrolases,tomato yield,and economic benefits.The results showed that the control treatment had the highest N input,about 24.68%higher than the W3 treatment,while the yield was only about 7.81%higher than W3.This indicated that the overuse of chemical fertilizer was present in the current tomato production.Although the reduction of fertilizer in aquaculture wastewater irrigation caused a decrease in tomato production,this economic loss can be compensated by cost savings in the wastewater disposal.Among aquaculture wastewater treatments,the W3 treatment had the highest overall benefit,achieving 62.63%freshwater savings,37.50%fertilizer input reduction,and an economic return of approximately 19,466 Yuan per hectare higher than the control.Additionally,increasing the irrigation volume of aquaculture wastewater could provide more available nutrients to the soil,which were more prevalent in the form of organic nitrogen.The lower soil nitrate reductase activities(NR)under aquaculture wastewater treatments after harvesting also proved that this pattern was beneficial to reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residues.Overall,the results demonstrate that aquaculture wastewater irrigation alleviates the soil nitrate residues,improves nutrient availability,and results in more economic returns with water and fertilizer conservation for the greenhouse production of tomatoes.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of application postponing of N fertilizer and the mechanism of yield increase in order to provide references for N fertilizer application in a rational way. [Method] In a sup...[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of application postponing of N fertilizer and the mechanism of yield increase in order to provide references for N fertilizer application in a rational way. [Method] In a super-high yielded region of summer maize, field experiment was conducted to research effects of N fertilizer postponing on key enzymes of N metabolism, yield of maize and N fertilizer use. [Result] After application of N fertilizer was postponed, NR, SPS and GS activities of ear-leaf of summer maize increased by 11.99%-34.87%, 8.25%-10.64% and 10.00%- 16.81% on the 28^th d of silking; content of soluble sugar in leaves enhanced signifi- cantly and accumulated nitrogen increased by 5.00%-9.74% in mature stage. The postponing fertilization of "30% of fertilizer in seedling stage+30% of fertilizer in flare- opening stage+40% of fertilizer in silking stage meets N demands of summer maize in late growth period. Compared with conventional fertilization, the maize yield, agro- nomic efficiency and use of N fertilizer all improved by 5.05%, 1.75 kg/kg and 6.87%, respectively, after application postponed. [Conclusion] Application postponing of N fertilizer maintains activity of NR, GS and SPS higher and coordinates metabolism of C and N in late growth period, to further improve yield of maize.展开更多
In this study,the wine grapes balanced nutrient fertilizer(BNF)was designed according to the wine grape nutritional requirements in different growth stages,and objected to reduce fertilizer application rate of wine gr...In this study,the wine grapes balanced nutrient fertilizer(BNF)was designed according to the wine grape nutritional requirements in different growth stages,and objected to reduce fertilizer application rate of wine grape cultivation,improve fertilizer utilization rate,achieve stable yield and improve the quality of wine grapes.The experiment was carried out at the Great Wall Sanggan Winery,and the Aristocratic Winery.The experiment was designed with two treatments:Namely BNF treatment,and the traditional fertilization(CK).We investigated the effects of BNF on the quality of wine grapes by examining the plant traits of wine grapes in different experimental areas during the growing season,the fruit traits at maturity,and determined the contents of VC,organic acids,amino acids,flavonoids,soluble total sugars,soluble solids,tannins,total phenols and catechins.The results show that:①The application of grape BNF greatly reduced the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while the vine had no fertilizer deficiency phenomenon;②It increased the single fruit weight,the ear weight and yield to varying degrees,and the yield increase range was between 12% and 41%;③The wine grapes with BNF had the following characteristics:tight infructescence,even color,small fruit less,no fruit dropped,strong fruit colloid feeling,better aroma and taste;④It greatly improved the quality of wine grapes,and increased the content of soluble solids,soluble total sugar,organic acids,VC,total phenols,flavonoids,amino acids and tannins in fruits;⑤It greatly increased the total catechin content of"Riesling"and"Syrah",and had no significant effects on the catechin content of"Merlot"and"Cabernet Sauvignon".In summary,the application of grape BNF has certain practical significance for guiding the production of local wine grapes,ensuring the yield while improving the quality,increasing the income and reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization.展开更多
在保障粮食安全的前提下,东北黑土区作物和畜牧生产的耦合促进了农业绿色发展。本研究选择位于东北黑土区的吉林省农安县为研究区域,以农牧系统为研究边界,通过实地调研、统计数据和文献,结合食物链养分流动模型(NUFER:NUtrient flows i...在保障粮食安全的前提下,东北黑土区作物和畜牧生产的耦合促进了农业绿色发展。本研究选择位于东北黑土区的吉林省农安县为研究区域,以农牧系统为研究边界,通过实地调研、统计数据和文献,结合食物链养分流动模型(NUFER:NUtrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use)定量分析1990—2020年农牧系统氮磷养分流动、利用效率和环境损失,探究气候和社会经济因素对氮磷排放的驱动作用,并设置平衡施肥(减少化肥施用)和有机肥替代(提升有机物料替代)两种情景评估该县减排潜力。结果表明,相对于1990年,2020年农安县农牧体系氮磷输入量分别下降45%和23%,其中化肥施用是最大的输入项。作物和农牧系统养分利用率波动增加,而畜禽系统养分利用率下降并逐渐趋于稳定。农牧体系氮磷损失量较1990年分别减少41%和增加29%。农田氨挥发、径流侵蚀和畜禽粪便直排为主要排放途径。通过平衡施肥和有机替代,土壤氮磷积累处于较低水平,至2030年农安县化学氮肥有80%的减施潜力,化学磷肥有85%的减施潜力,且氮磷养分环境排放均减少67%,作物和农牧系统养分利用率均增长50%以上。综上,农安县农牧体系未来可通过增加秸秆和粪便还田量提升化肥减施潜力。东北黑土区应继续深化化肥零增长政策,推行有机废弃物资源化利用,实现农牧系统协同优化发展。展开更多
基金supported by the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program (No.2022S097)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.2019B17914,B210206006).
文摘The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients.However,it is still unclear that the pattern of substituting aquaculture wastewater irrigation for fertilizer supplementing is conducive to improving the soil nitrogen status,fruit yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency for tomato production.In this context,the experiment was intended to establish the appropriate irrigation regime of aquaculture wastewater in tomato production for freshwater replacement and fertilizer reduction to ensure good yields.Pot experiments were conducted with treatments as farmers accustomed to irrigation and fertilization used as control(CK),1.75 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W1),2 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer;and 2.25 L aquaculture wastewater with base fertilizer(W3).We examined the effects of aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil nitrogen distribution,Nrelated hydrolases,tomato yield,and economic benefits.The results showed that the control treatment had the highest N input,about 24.68%higher than the W3 treatment,while the yield was only about 7.81%higher than W3.This indicated that the overuse of chemical fertilizer was present in the current tomato production.Although the reduction of fertilizer in aquaculture wastewater irrigation caused a decrease in tomato production,this economic loss can be compensated by cost savings in the wastewater disposal.Among aquaculture wastewater treatments,the W3 treatment had the highest overall benefit,achieving 62.63%freshwater savings,37.50%fertilizer input reduction,and an economic return of approximately 19,466 Yuan per hectare higher than the control.Additionally,increasing the irrigation volume of aquaculture wastewater could provide more available nutrients to the soil,which were more prevalent in the form of organic nitrogen.The lower soil nitrate reductase activities(NR)under aquaculture wastewater treatments after harvesting also proved that this pattern was beneficial to reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residues.Overall,the results demonstrate that aquaculture wastewater irrigation alleviates the soil nitrate residues,improves nutrient availability,and results in more economic returns with water and fertilizer conservation for the greenhouse production of tomatoes.
基金Crop Harvest Technology and Engineering in the Twelfth Five-year Plan (2011BAD16B15-2)Special Foundation of National Modern Maize Industrial Technology System(nycytx-02-17)Cooperation Project of China-International Plant Nutrition Research Institute (NMBF-HenanAU-2009)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of application postponing of N fertilizer and the mechanism of yield increase in order to provide references for N fertilizer application in a rational way. [Method] In a super-high yielded region of summer maize, field experiment was conducted to research effects of N fertilizer postponing on key enzymes of N metabolism, yield of maize and N fertilizer use. [Result] After application of N fertilizer was postponed, NR, SPS and GS activities of ear-leaf of summer maize increased by 11.99%-34.87%, 8.25%-10.64% and 10.00%- 16.81% on the 28^th d of silking; content of soluble sugar in leaves enhanced signifi- cantly and accumulated nitrogen increased by 5.00%-9.74% in mature stage. The postponing fertilization of "30% of fertilizer in seedling stage+30% of fertilizer in flare- opening stage+40% of fertilizer in silking stage meets N demands of summer maize in late growth period. Compared with conventional fertilization, the maize yield, agro- nomic efficiency and use of N fertilizer all improved by 5.05%, 1.75 kg/kg and 6.87%, respectively, after application postponed. [Conclusion] Application postponing of N fertilizer maintains activity of NR, GS and SPS higher and coordinates metabolism of C and N in late growth period, to further improve yield of maize.
文摘In this study,the wine grapes balanced nutrient fertilizer(BNF)was designed according to the wine grape nutritional requirements in different growth stages,and objected to reduce fertilizer application rate of wine grape cultivation,improve fertilizer utilization rate,achieve stable yield and improve the quality of wine grapes.The experiment was carried out at the Great Wall Sanggan Winery,and the Aristocratic Winery.The experiment was designed with two treatments:Namely BNF treatment,and the traditional fertilization(CK).We investigated the effects of BNF on the quality of wine grapes by examining the plant traits of wine grapes in different experimental areas during the growing season,the fruit traits at maturity,and determined the contents of VC,organic acids,amino acids,flavonoids,soluble total sugars,soluble solids,tannins,total phenols and catechins.The results show that:①The application of grape BNF greatly reduced the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,while the vine had no fertilizer deficiency phenomenon;②It increased the single fruit weight,the ear weight and yield to varying degrees,and the yield increase range was between 12% and 41%;③The wine grapes with BNF had the following characteristics:tight infructescence,even color,small fruit less,no fruit dropped,strong fruit colloid feeling,better aroma and taste;④It greatly improved the quality of wine grapes,and increased the content of soluble solids,soluble total sugar,organic acids,VC,total phenols,flavonoids,amino acids and tannins in fruits;⑤It greatly increased the total catechin content of"Riesling"and"Syrah",and had no significant effects on the catechin content of"Merlot"and"Cabernet Sauvignon".In summary,the application of grape BNF has certain practical significance for guiding the production of local wine grapes,ensuring the yield while improving the quality,increasing the income and reducing the environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization.
文摘在保障粮食安全的前提下,东北黑土区作物和畜牧生产的耦合促进了农业绿色发展。本研究选择位于东北黑土区的吉林省农安县为研究区域,以农牧系统为研究边界,通过实地调研、统计数据和文献,结合食物链养分流动模型(NUFER:NUtrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use)定量分析1990—2020年农牧系统氮磷养分流动、利用效率和环境损失,探究气候和社会经济因素对氮磷排放的驱动作用,并设置平衡施肥(减少化肥施用)和有机肥替代(提升有机物料替代)两种情景评估该县减排潜力。结果表明,相对于1990年,2020年农安县农牧体系氮磷输入量分别下降45%和23%,其中化肥施用是最大的输入项。作物和农牧系统养分利用率波动增加,而畜禽系统养分利用率下降并逐渐趋于稳定。农牧体系氮磷损失量较1990年分别减少41%和增加29%。农田氨挥发、径流侵蚀和畜禽粪便直排为主要排放途径。通过平衡施肥和有机替代,土壤氮磷积累处于较低水平,至2030年农安县化学氮肥有80%的减施潜力,化学磷肥有85%的减施潜力,且氮磷养分环境排放均减少67%,作物和农牧系统养分利用率均增长50%以上。综上,农安县农牧体系未来可通过增加秸秆和粪便还田量提升化肥减施潜力。东北黑土区应继续深化化肥零增长政策,推行有机废弃物资源化利用,实现农牧系统协同优化发展。