Highly Efficient and Selective Removal of Pb（II） ions by Sulfur-Containing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate （SCP） nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The resulting SCP exhibited a noticeable enhanced performance for Pb（II） removal in comparison with hydroxyapatite （HAP）, being capable of easily reducing 20 ppm of Pb（II） to below the acceptable standard for drinking water within less than 10 min. Remarkably, the saturated removal capacities of Pb（II） on SCP were as high as 1720.57 mg/g calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model, exceeding largely that of the previously reported absorbents. Significantly, SCP displayed highly selective removal ability toward Pb（II） ions in the presence of the competing metal ions （Ni（II）, Co（II）, Zn（II）, and Cd（II））. Further investigations indicated that such ultra-high removal efficiency and preferable affinity of Pb（II） ions on SCP may be reasonably ascribed to the formation of rodlike hydroxypyromorphite crystals on the surface of SCP via dissolution-precipitation and ion exchange reactions, accompanied by the presence of lead sulfide precipitates. High removal efficiency, fast removal kinetics and excellent selectivity toward Pb（II） made the obtained SCP material an ideal candidate for Pb（II） ions decontamination in practical application.

微塑料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特征研究

通过氧化-紫外老化的实验室模拟老化法对原始微塑料进行老化,研究原始和老化聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚乳酸(PLA)微塑料在水溶液中对Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特征。SEM、BET、XRD、XPS和FTIR结果表明,氧化-紫外老化法增加微塑料表面粗糙度、孔隙体积和含氧官能团。动力学和等温线吸附实验结果表明,原始微塑料和老化微塑料对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附分别以单层的物理吸附和多层的化学吸附为主。微塑料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力和吸附特点与微塑料种类有关。可生物降解微塑料PLA对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)均表现出较强的吸附能力。

Adsorption characteristics of Pb(Ⅱ)ions on sulfidized hemimorphite surface under ammonium sulfate system

In this work,the effect of ammonium sulfate on the adsorption characteristics of low-concentration Pb(Ⅱ)ions on the sulfidized hemimorphite surface was comprehensively investigated.The results showed that ammonium sulfate could increase the maximum recovery of hemimorphite from 69.42%to 88.24%under a low concentration of Pb(Ⅱ)ions.On the hemimorphite surface pretreated with ammonium sulfate,the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions was enhanced and the main species of Pb adsorbed was changed from Pb―O/OH to PbS.This was due to the larger amount of ZnS providing more effective adsorption sites for Pb components to generate Pb S.Meanwhile,the intensity of ZnS decreased with the formation of PbS,demonstrating that ZnS was covered by PbS which formed later on the mineral surface.It was beneficial for the adsorption of butyl xanthate on the hemimorphite surface to form more hydrophobic substances.As a result,ammonium sulfate played a crucial role in realizing the efficient recovery of hemimorphite.

MoS_(2)/Fh复合材料的制备及高盐条件下EDTA-Pb(Ⅱ)的去除研究

水铁矿(Fh)因其比表面积大、吸附能力强等优点,对络合态重金属表现出良好的吸附能力,但是盐离子的存在会阻碍Fh对络合态重金属的去除。本研究引入了二硫化钼(MoS_(2)),利用其优异的阻盐能力弥补Fh去除性能被抑制的情况。考察了溶液pH、盐度等不同因素对MoS_(2)/Fh复合材料吸附性能的影响,在15 g/L NaCl的背景盐度、pH=4条件下,1 g/L MoS_(2)/Fh复合材料对20 mg/L EDTA-Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率仍能达到96.72%,较相同条件下Fh的去除率显著提高。通过对吸附机理的探究发现EDTA-Pb(Ⅱ)主要以静电吸附方式被去除。

Bioadsorption of Pb(II) onto <i>Anethum</i><i>graveolens</i>from Contaminated Wastewater: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

In the present study we reported the feasibility of the Anethum graveolens as biosorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Anethum graveolens was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The ability of Anethum graveolens to adsorb Pb(II) was investigated by using batch adsorption procedure. The effects such as pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration and biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity were studied. The experimental data were analysed using various adsorption kinetic models viz., the pseudo-first and second-order equations, Bangham’s equation, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. Results show that the pseudo-second-order equation provides the best correlation for the biosorption process. The equilibrium nature of Pb(II) adsorption at 30℃ has been described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The equilibrium data fit well on Langmuir isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto Anethum graveolens as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 30℃ was found to be 303 mg/g. This high adsorption capacity of Anethum graveolens places this biosorbent as one of the best adsorbents for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous effluents.

改性纳米零价铁对Cd(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能与机制研究

针对镉[Cd(Ⅱ)]、铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]和铅[Pb(Ⅱ)]的重金属复合废水处理问题,以生物炭(BC)和膨润土(BE)改性纳米零价铁(nZVI),得到BC-BE-nZVI复合材料,通过吸附实验探究了该材料对重金属的吸附特性,并利用吸附动力学方程、等温吸附方程拟合、XRD和XPS分析,揭示了BC-BE-nZVI对单一和复合重金属体系的吸附机制。结果表明,BC-BE-nZVI对重金属的去除作用最强,Cd(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb(Ⅱ)去除率分别可达96.43%,97.70%和95.69%,并且能够适应pH范围较广的重金属废水;准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程更适合描述BC-BE-nZVI的吸附过程;复合重金属体系下,BC-BE-nZVI的吸附过程更适用于Freundlich等温吸附方程,且竞争吸附能力Cd(Ⅱ)>Cr(Ⅵ);单一重金属体系下,Cd(Ⅱ)去除机制主要包括吸附沉淀,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除主要为还原和吸附,Pb(Ⅱ)主要为吸附沉淀;而复合重金属体系下吸附机理主要为沉淀和络合作用。

Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotherms Studies of Adsorption of Pb(II) from Water onto Natural Adsorbent

In this research dobera leaves (DL), an agricultural waste, available in large quantity in south region of Saudi Arabia, were used as low-cost adsorbent for removal of metal ions such as Pb(II). Batch operation was used to study the equilibrium behavior of DL. The effects of initial concentration of Pb(II), solution pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were evaluated. To study the kinetics of adsorption of Pb(II) onto DL, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion were used. Adsorption process undergoes pseudo-second-order kinetic as proved by the high value of R2. Furthermore, to design the equilibrium data of adsorption of process, four adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) were used. It is found that Langmuir equation has the highest value of R2 (0.999) compared with other models. In presences of a mixture of Pb(II)/Ni(II), DL were found to be selective for Pb(II) ions with a high adsorptive capacity of 83 mg/g and show favorable adsorption with RL < 1. In addition, preliminary results indicate that DL are very effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions (>90%) from drinking water with less competition of other ions present in water.

Reaction behaviors of Pb and Zn sulfates during reduction roasting of Zn leaching residue and flotation of artificial sulfide minerals

To evaluate the feasibility of recovering Pb and Zn sulfides and Ag-containing minerals from Zn leaching residue by the process of reduction roasting followed by flotation,the reaction behaviors of Pb and Zn sulfates during this process were investigated.Chemical analysis showed that the transformation ratios of PbSO4 and ZnSO4 could reach 65.51%and 52.12%,respectively,after reduction roasting,and the introduction of a sulfidation agent could improve the transformation ratios of these sulfates.scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)revealed that temperature obviously affects the particle size,crystal growth,and morphology of the artificial Pb and Zn sulfide minerals.Particle size analysis demonstrated that the particle size of the materials increases after roasting.Flotation tests revealed that a flotation concentrate composed of 12.01wt%Pb,27.78wt%Zn,and 6.975×10^(−2)wt%Ag with recoveries of 60.54%,29.24%,and 57.64%,respectively,could be obtained after roasting.

Study on the Effect of A Magnetic Field on Pb(II) Removal Using Modified Chitosan

This work examined the removal of Pb(II) using a chitosan derivative (SB, synthesized from benzaldehyde) assisted by a magnetic field. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II) was investigated. It was found that 1) the pH and concentration of the ion solution, as well as exposure time and strength of magnetic field, affected the degree of adsorption;and 2) studies of the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of ions onto SB revealed that SB showed enhanced adsorption capacity towards Pb(II) ions in a magnetic field compared with magnetically untreated samples. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied to describe the experimental adsorption, and the maximum adsorption capacity of SB for Pb(II) was 2.5040 mg/g, when assisted by a magnetic field of 480 kA/m.

Chemical composition and Pb(II)binding of dissolved organic matter in a hypersaline lake in China

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)plays a vital role in promoting carbon and nutrient cycling.It is a food source for organisms and controls the migration and transformation of trace metals and other contaminants in aquatic systems.The contributions of aquatic DOM to the environment and ecology of a system are closely related to its abundance and chemical structure.In this study,the chemical composition and binding properties of DOM in a hypersaline lake watershed were investigated for the fi rst time using dissolved organic carbon(DOC)analysis,absorption spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,pyrolysis-GC-MS(Py-GC-MS),and fl uorescence parallel factor(PARAFAC)analysis combined with Pb(II)titration techniques.The results showed that DOM from the tributaries that fl owed into the lake had a lower DOC content,higher molecular weight,and higher specifi c UV absorbance than the DOM in lake water.Protein-like fl uorophores were mainly found in tributary and lake surface water DOM(LSDOM)and humic-like substances were abundant in lake groundwater DOM(LGDOM).Using this multi-methodological approach,we found that the DOM from the hypersaline lake watershed was mainly from microbial origins,and consisted of aromatics,carbohydrates,and aliphatics.The results from quantitative analysis showed that DOM from the infl owing tributaries contained more aromatics,lower carbohydrates,and lower aliphatics than DOM in the lake.Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbohydrates were more abundant in LSDOM than LGDOM.The results from the Pb(II)titration technique coupled with PARAFAC analysis suggested that PARAFAC-derived components had relatively low condition stability constants(log K_(M)<2).Of the two types of lake DOM,the LGDOM had a higher Pb(II)binding potential than the LSDOM.From this study we have improved our understanding of how DOM within a hypersaline lake watershed varies in its composition and potential to bind with metals.

一个由原位反应制备的三维Pb(II)配合物及其在抗生素传感识别领域的应用

在水热条件下使用半刚性的咪唑-4,5-二甲酸衍生物配体(H3L-1)和金属Pb(II)离子通过自组装反应成功获得一种无色的针状晶体。单晶X-射线衍射分析显示该配合物分子式为[Pb(L)]n (1),其中初始的H3L-1配体在高温条件下脱去了一个羧基形成了L2‒形式,L2‒阴离子μ3-链接金属Pb(II)离子而形成了三维框架结构。拓扑分析显示配合物1的骨架是一个单节点的(3,3)-连接网络。配合物的晶相纯度,化学稳定性和热稳定性通过粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)和热失重分析(TGA)等手段进行了表征。对配合物1的固态荧光性质进行了测定,结果显示配合物1是一种具有潜在应用价值的蓝光材料。此外,还对配合物1荧光传感性能进行了详细研究,测试多种常见的抗生素分子对配合物1荧光的影响,结果显示配合物1的荧光能够被以呋喃妥因(NFT)为代表的几种抗生素所猝灭,可作为检测这些抗生素分子的探针材料。

Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Zeolites, Porcelanite and Sands: Correlation of Morphology and Chemical Composition to Batch Removal Efficiency

Chemical compositions of natural zeolites, porcelanite (opal-CT) and local sands were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and correlated with their Pb(II) removal efficiencies. Zeolites and porcelanite were from the Mikawer, Aritain and Hannon areas in Jordan. Sands (white, red and yellow) were from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The effect of Pb(II) concentration and zeolite dosage on removal efficiency was investigated at 25.0&deg;C using the batch equilibrium method. Commercial kaolinite, silica and alumina were also studied for comparison. Removal efficiencies, in mg Pb(II)/g adsorbent, were: 76.9, 52.7 and 42.1 for Hannon, Mikawer and Aritain zeolites, respectively;58.2 for porcelanite;29.7, 11.0 and 8.5 for yellow, red and white sand, respectively;7.2, 3.3 and 1.3 for kaolinite, silica and alumina, respectively. XRF data indicate that adsorbents with intermediate molar ratios of Si/Al, in the range 2.70 - 2.93, are most efficient in Pb(II) removal. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of adsorbents suggest that morphology, in addition to chemical composition, plays a key role. In particular, a combination of factors, including shapes and sizes of crystals, channels in zeolites and pores in porcelanite, appear to favor removal of Pb(II).

Kinetics and Stoichiometry of the Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by an Aminocarboxylactocobaltate(II) Complex in Aqueous Medium

The kinetics and stoichiometry of the reduction of H2O2 by an aminocaboxylactocobaltate(II) complex (hereafter[CoHEDTAOH2]-) in aqueous medium have been studied under the following conditions: T = 29℃ ± 1℃, Ionic Strength, I = 0.50 mol dm-3 (NaClO4), [H+] = 1 × 10-3 mol dm-3. The ratio from the stoichiometric study conforms to the equation 2[CoHEDTAOH2]- + H2O2 + 2H+ → 2 [CoHEDTAOH2] + 2H2O. The rate of reaction varied linearly to the first power of the concentrations of the reductant and oxidant and displayed inverse dependence on acid concentration. The plot of acid dependent rate constant versus [H+]-1 was linear with zero intercept. The [CoHEDTAOH2]- - H2O2 reaction was insensitive to the change in ionic strength of the medium suggesting interaction of charged and uncharged species at the activated complex. The Michaelis-Menten plot of was linear without intercept which suggested absence of intermediate complex. Evidences in this paper showed that the reaction occurred through the outer-sphere mechanism.

Kinetics of CO_2 reduction in KOH/methanol electrolyte on Pb electrode

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 on a Pb electrode was investigated in 0. 1 mol/L KOH/methanol electrolyte at different temperatures and pressures. A graphite electrode was employed as the counter electrode, and an AglAgCl （sat. KCl） electrode was used as the reference electrode. The Tafel plots of the products by the electrochemical reduction of CO2 showed that the formation process of HCOOH differed from that of CO and the reduction of CO2was not limited by the diffusion of CO2 in the investigated potential range. Kinetic analysis indicated that the reaction orders were 0. 573 for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and 0. 671 for CO2 to HCOOH in the cathodic direction.

Effect of Hg(II) and Pb(II) Ions on C-Phycocyanin (<i>Spirulina</i><i>platensis</i>)

Influence of Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions on C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis was investigated using Fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence measurements demonstrate quenching of C-PC emission by Hg(II) and Pb(II), and blue shifts in the fluorescence spectra. The effect of DNA on the fluorescence of Hg(II)-and Pb(II)-C-PC (from Spirulina platensis) complexes was also studied. It was shown that the fluorescence intensity of Hg-C-PC after addition of DNA gave rise to the fluorescence buildup. At the same time, addition of DNA to the Pb(II)-C-PC complexes showed no such effect. In the case of Hg(II)-C-PC, fluorescence intensity significantly decreases in time, while for Pb(II)-C-PC, decrease of the fluorescence intensity is not significant, but blue shift of the peak takes place.

Adsorption of Pb(II) onto Modified Rice Bran

In this study, the modified rice bran was tested to remove Pb(II) from water. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of the modified rice bran for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic parameters, kinetics, pH effect, and desorbability were examined. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified rice bran was approximately 70.8 mg Pb(II)/g absorbent at temperature of 25℃ and at the initial Pb(II) concentration of 400 mg/L and pH 7.0. And the adsorption isotherm data could be well fitted by both Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) tend to increase with the increase of pH. The adsorption kinetic data can be satisfactorily described by either of the power functions and simple Elovich equations. The desorbability of Pb(II) is about 15-20%, and it is relatively difficult for the adsorbed Pb(II) to be desorbed. The relatively low cost and high capabilities of the rice bran make it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater.

ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Pb(II) ON POTASSIUM HEXATITANATE WHISKER BY FAAS

Based on the advantage of high surface area and strong adsorption ability of potassium hexatitanate whisker, a method to determine trace Pb(II) content by combining solid phase extraction with Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was established. The adsorptive behavior of potassium hexatitanate whisker to Pb(II), primary influencing factors of adsorption and elution and effect of coexistence ions were investigated systemically. The optimal analytical conditions were discussed and examined. It was found that the adsorption rate of potassium hexatitanate whisker to Pb(II) was 100% at pH 4.0. Pb(II) could be eluted from potassium tetratitanate whisker with HCl (2mol/L) under boiling water for 30min. The detection limit was 5.75ng/mL, and relative standard deviation was 1.66% (n=9, CPb=2.0μg/mL).

U-Pb SHRIMP-II Baddeleyite and Zircon Dating of the Early Proterozoic Monchegorsk Layered Mafite-Ultramafite Complex(Kola Peninsula): Evidence of Synchronous Magmatism

The Early Paleoproterozoic Monchegorsk Complex is exposed over an area of 550 km;and comprises two layered mafite–ultramafite intrusions:the Monchepluton of ultramafic and mafic rocks and the predominantly gabbroid

超声辅助高吸附型复合凝胶的制备及对水中Pb(II)的响应和去除性能

以秸秆纤维素和木质素为原料,通过超声辅助法制得了新型纤维素-木质素复合凝胶(UCHy)。对样品进行扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)表征分析,考察了其在不同浓度Pb(II)中的溶胀性能,研究了pH值、反应时间、温度、Pb(II)初始浓度对其吸附能力的影响。结果表明,纤维素和木质素的添加有利于凝胶形成致密的纤维束堆积结构,超声作用则能促进凝胶连续孔洞微结构的形成,因而具备较高的溶胀率以及污染物吸附量。溶胀初期Pb(II)溶液在UCHy中的扩散行为可用non-Fickian扩散定律描述,整体溶胀行为符合Schott′s准二级动力学方程。UCHy对Pb(II)的吸附量随溶液pH值的增大而增大,随反应温度的升高而减小。吸附等温数据同时符合Langmuir与Freundlich模型,饱和吸附容量为786.16mg?g^(-1),吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。该复合凝胶表现出极高重金属的吸附性能和敏感性,具有较大的应用前景。

玉米芯生物炭对水中Pb(II)的吸附

以玉米芯为原料制备生物炭,采用扫描电镜及N_2吸附等温线对其表面形貌及孔结构进行了表征,通过批次吸附试验,研究了其对水中Pb(II)的吸附行为。结果表明:玉米芯生物炭对Pb(II)的吸附在120 min达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。Langmuir吸附模型能够很好地模拟吸附等温线,最大饱和吸附量为79.36 mg/g。热力学结果显示:玉米芯生物炭对Pb(II)的吸附主要以化学吸附为主,升高温度有利于吸附。在Cd(II)共存的条件下,玉米芯生物炭对Pb(II)的吸附受到一定的抑制。