为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4...为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4个土壤灭菌处理,测定不同处理菊花各生育期生长、开花、根系指标和各器官养分含量,以及土壤理化性质和微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,不同土壤灭菌处理后,菊花生长及花期植株各指标均显著提高,以R+FS处理菊花各项生长指标最大;各土壤灭菌处理均能促进根系生长,以R+FS处理效果最好。不同土壤灭菌处理能提高土壤质量,土壤铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、有机质含量分别较对照增加102.59%~155.23%、31.49%~72.07%、31.50%~92.85%、38.32%~71.30%,土壤pH值下降0.09~0.37个单位;各处理对土壤EC值的影响不同,R+MS和R+FS处理后,土壤EC值分别从462μs·cm^(-1)下降至200和285μs·cm^(-1),R和R+RS处理分别增加至585和614μs·cm^(-1)。除苗期R+RS处理土壤真菌数量低于对照外,其余处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著增加(P<0.05),表现为细菌增加幅度大于真菌;不同土壤灭菌处理后,土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量显著降低(P<0.05),R+FS处理对其影响最大,苗期和盛花期分别为4.12和3.87 lg copies·g^(-1)soil,较对照下降62.11%和53.46%。各土壤灭菌处理菊花枯萎病发病率均低于对照,其防治效果可达33.65%~55.70%。综上,生物熏蒸结合麦麸处理能够改善菊花连作土壤理化性状并增加土壤微生物数量及养分含量,降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,从而有效促进菊花生长及优质高产。本研究结果为菊花绿色高效栽培提供了技术支撑。展开更多
Reductive soil disinfestation（RSD）, namely amending organic materials and mulching or flooding to create strong reductive status, has been widely applied to improve degraded soils.However, there is little informatio...Reductive soil disinfestation（RSD）, namely amending organic materials and mulching or flooding to create strong reductive status, has been widely applied to improve degraded soils.However, there is little information available about sulfate（SO4^2-） transformation and sulfur（S）gas emissions during RSD treatment to degraded vegetable soils, in which S is generally accumulated. To investigate the effects of liming on SO4^2-transformation and S gas emissions,two SO4^2--accumulated vegetable soils（denoted as S1 and S2） were treated by RSD, and RSD plus lime, denoted as RSD0 and RSD1, respectively. The results showed that RSD0 treatment reduced soil SO4^2-by 51% and 61% in S1 and S2, respectively. The disappeared SO4^2-was mainly transformed into the undissolved form. During RSD treatment, hydrogen sulfide（H2S）,carbonyl sulfide（COS）, and dimethyl sulfide（DMS） were detected, but the total S gas emission accounted for 〈 0.006% of total S in both soils. Compared to RSD0, lime addition stimulated the conversion of SO42-into undissolved form, reduced soil SO4^2-by 81% in S1 and 84% in S2 and reduced total S gas emissions by 32% in S1 and 57% in S2, respectively. In addition to H2S, COS and DMS, the emissions of carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl disulfide were also detected in RSD1 treatment. The results indicated that RSD was an effective method to remove SO4^2-, liming stimulates the conversion of dissolved SO4^2-into undissolved form,probably due to the precipitation with calcium.展开更多
文摘为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4个土壤灭菌处理,测定不同处理菊花各生育期生长、开花、根系指标和各器官养分含量,以及土壤理化性质和微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,不同土壤灭菌处理后,菊花生长及花期植株各指标均显著提高,以R+FS处理菊花各项生长指标最大;各土壤灭菌处理均能促进根系生长,以R+FS处理效果最好。不同土壤灭菌处理能提高土壤质量,土壤铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、有机质含量分别较对照增加102.59%~155.23%、31.49%~72.07%、31.50%~92.85%、38.32%~71.30%,土壤pH值下降0.09~0.37个单位;各处理对土壤EC值的影响不同,R+MS和R+FS处理后,土壤EC值分别从462μs·cm^(-1)下降至200和285μs·cm^(-1),R和R+RS处理分别增加至585和614μs·cm^(-1)。除苗期R+RS处理土壤真菌数量低于对照外,其余处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著增加(P<0.05),表现为细菌增加幅度大于真菌;不同土壤灭菌处理后,土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量显著降低(P<0.05),R+FS处理对其影响最大,苗期和盛花期分别为4.12和3.87 lg copies·g^(-1)soil,较对照下降62.11%和53.46%。各土壤灭菌处理菊花枯萎病发病率均低于对照,其防治效果可达33.65%~55.70%。综上,生物熏蒸结合麦麸处理能够改善菊花连作土壤理化性状并增加土壤微生物数量及养分含量,降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,从而有效促进菊花生长及优质高产。本研究结果为菊花绿色高效栽培提供了技术支撑。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:41301313,41330744)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20140062)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.13KJA210002)the Outstanding Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(164320H116)
文摘Reductive soil disinfestation（RSD）, namely amending organic materials and mulching or flooding to create strong reductive status, has been widely applied to improve degraded soils.However, there is little information available about sulfate（SO4^2-） transformation and sulfur（S）gas emissions during RSD treatment to degraded vegetable soils, in which S is generally accumulated. To investigate the effects of liming on SO4^2-transformation and S gas emissions,two SO4^2--accumulated vegetable soils（denoted as S1 and S2） were treated by RSD, and RSD plus lime, denoted as RSD0 and RSD1, respectively. The results showed that RSD0 treatment reduced soil SO4^2-by 51% and 61% in S1 and S2, respectively. The disappeared SO4^2-was mainly transformed into the undissolved form. During RSD treatment, hydrogen sulfide（H2S）,carbonyl sulfide（COS）, and dimethyl sulfide（DMS） were detected, but the total S gas emission accounted for 〈 0.006% of total S in both soils. Compared to RSD0, lime addition stimulated the conversion of SO42-into undissolved form, reduced soil SO4^2-by 81% in S1 and 84% in S2 and reduced total S gas emissions by 32% in S1 and 57% in S2, respectively. In addition to H2S, COS and DMS, the emissions of carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl disulfide were also detected in RSD1 treatment. The results indicated that RSD was an effective method to remove SO4^2-, liming stimulates the conversion of dissolved SO4^2-into undissolved form,probably due to the precipitation with calcium.
