Design of Protograph LDPC-Coded MIMO-VLC Systems with Generalized Spatial Modulation

This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.

Single Photon Detection Technology in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication:Modulation Modes and Error Correction Coding Analysis

This study explores the application of single photon detection(SPD)technology in underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)and analyzes the influence of different modulation modes and error correction coding types on communication performance.The study investigates the impact of on-off keying(OOK)and 2-pulse-position modulation(2-PPM)on the bit error rate(BER)in single-channel intensity and polarization multiplexing.Furthermore,it compares the error correction performance of low-density parity check(LDPC)and Reed-Solomon(RS)codes across different error correction coding types.The effects of unscattered photon ratio and depolarization ratio on BER are also verified.Finally,a UWOC system based on SPD is constructed,achieving 14.58 Mbps with polarization OOK multiplexing modulation and 4.37 Mbps with polarization 2-PPM multiplexing modulation using LDPC code error correction.

SR-DCSK Cooperative Communication System with Code Index Modulation:A New Design for 6G New Radios

This paper proposes a high-throughput short reference differential chaos shift keying cooperative communication system with the aid of code index modulation,referred to as CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system.In the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system,the source transmits information bits to both the relay and destination in the first time slot,while the relay not only forwards the source information bits but also sends new information bits to the destination in the second time slot.To be specific,the relay employs an N-order Walsh code to carry additional log_(2)N information bits,which are superimposed onto the SRDCSK signal carrying the decoded source information bits.Subsequently,the superimposed signal carrying both the source and relay information bits is transmitted to the destination.Moreover,the theoretical bit error rate(BER)expressions of the proposed CIMSR-DCSK-CC system are derived over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)and multipath Rayleigh fading channels.Compared with the conventional DCSKCC system and SR-DCSK-CC system,the proposed CIM-SR-DCSK-CC system can significantly improve the throughput without deteriorating any BER performance.As a consequence,the proposed system is very promising for the applications of the 6G-enabled lowpower and high-rate communication.

Sparse Rev-Shift Coded Modulation with Novel Overhead Bound

To provide reliability in distributed systems,combination property(CP)is desired,where k original packets are encoded into n≥k packets and arbitrary k are sufficient to reconstruct all the original packets.Shift-and-add(SA)encoding combined with zigzag decoding(ZD)obtains the CP-ZD,which is promising to reap low computational complexity in the encoding/decoding process of these systems.As densely coded modulation is difficult to achieve CP-ZD,research attentions are paid to sparse coded modulation.The drawback of existing sparse CP-ZD coded modulation lies in high overhead,especially in widely deployed setting m<k,where m≜n−k.For this scenario,namely,m<k,a sparse reverseorder shift(Rev-Shift)CP-ZD coded modulation is designed.The proof that Rev-Shift possesses CP-ZD is provided.A lower bound for the overhead,as far as we know is the first for sparse CP-ZD coded modulation,is derived.The bound is found tight in certain scenarios,which shows the code optimality.Extensive numerical studies show that compared to existing sparse CP-ZD coded modulation,the overhead of Rev-Shift reduces significantly,and the derived lower bound is tight when k or m approaches 0.

Irregular and regular LDPC codes with high spectrum efficiency modulation in image transmission over fading channel

If the degree distribution is chosen carefully, the irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can outperform the regular ones. An image transmission system is proposed by combining regular and irregular LDPC codes with 16QAM/64QAM modulation to improve both efficiency and reliability. Simulaton results show that LDPC codes are good coding schemes over fading channel in image communication with lower system complexity. More over, irregular codes can obtain a code gain of about 0.7 dB compared with regular ones when BER is 10 -4. So the irregular LDPC codes are more suitable for image transmission than the regular codes.

Differential modulation based on space-time block codes

A differential modulation scheme using space-time block codes is put forward. Compared with other schemes, our scheme has lower computational complexity and has a simpler decoder. In the case of three or four transmitter antennas, our scheme has a higher rate a higher coding gain and a lower bit error rate for a given rate. Then we made simulations for space-time block codes as well as group codes in the case of two, three, four and five transmit antennas. The simulations prove that using two transmit antennas, one receive antenna and code rate of 4 bits/s/Hz, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 4 dB. Useing three, four and five transmit antennas, one receive antenna, and code rate of 3 bits/s/Hz are adopted, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 5 dB, 6. 5 dB and 7 dB, respectively. In other words, the differential modulation scheme based on space-time block code is better than the corresponding differential modulation scheme

A Golden Decade of Polar Codes:From Basic Principle to 5G Applications

After the pursuit of seventy years,the invention of polar codes indicates that we have found the first capacity-achieving coding with low complexity construction and decoding,which is the great breakthrough of the coding theory in the past two decades.In this survey,we retrospect the history of polar codes and summarize the advancement in the past ten years.First,the primary principle of channel polarization is investigated such that the basic construction,coding method and the classic successive cancellation(SC)decoding are reviewed.Second,in order to improve the performance of the finite code length,we introduce the guiding principle and conclude five design criteria for the construction,design and implementation of the polar code in the practical communication system based on the exemplar schemes in the literature.Especially,we explain the design principle behind the concatenated coding and rate matching of polar codes in 5G wireless system.Furthermore,the improved SC decoding algorithms,such as SC list(SCL)decoding and SC stack(SCS)decoding etc.,are investigated and compared.Finally,the research prospects of polar codes for the future 6G communication system are explored,including the optimization of short polar codes,coding construction in fading channels,polar coded modulation and HARQ,and the polar coded transmission,namely polar processing.Predictably,as a new coding methodology,polar codes will shine a light on communication theory and unveil a revolution in transmission technology.

Design of Irregular QC-LDPC Code Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation Scheme for High Speed Optical Communication Systems

In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation(MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC component code. Firstly, the sub-channel capacities of MLCM systems is analyzed and discussed, based on which the optimal component code rate can be obtained. Secondly, an extrinsic information transfer chart based two-stage searching algorithm is proposed to find the good irregular QC-LDPC code ensembles with optimal component code rates for their corresponding sub-channels. Finally, by constructing the irregular QC-LDPC component codes from the designed ensembles with the aim of possibly enlarging the girth and reducing the number of the shortest cycles, the designed irregular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems can achieve 0.4 dB and 1.2 dB net coding gain, respectively, compared with the recently proposed regular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems.

Feedback Stabilization over Wireless Network Using Adaptive Coded Modulation

In this paper,we apply adaptive coded modulation (ACM) schemes to a wireless networked control system (WNCS) to improve the energy efficiency and increase the data rate over a fading channel.To capture the characteristics of varying rate, interference,and routing in wireless transmission channels,the concepts of equivalent delay (ED) and networked condition index (NCI) are introduced.Also,the analytic lower and upper bounds of EDs are obtained.Furthermore,we model the WNCS as a multicontroller switched system (MSS) under consideration of EDs and loss index in the wireless transmission.Sufficient stability condition of the closed-loop WNCS and corresponding dynamic state feedback controllers are derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Numerical results show the validity and advantage of our proposed control strategies.

Optimization of Mapping Rule of Bit-Interleaved Turbo Coded Modulation with 16QAM

Optimization of mapping rule of bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated based on different impacts of various encoded bits sequence on Turbo decoding performance. Furthermore, bit-interleaved in-phase and quadrature phase (I-Q) Turbo coded modulation scheme are designed similarly with I-Q trellis coded modulation (TCM). Through performance evaluation and analysis, it can be seen that the novel mapping rule outperforms traditional one and the I-Q Turbo coded modulation can not achieve good performance as expected. Therefore, there is not obvious advantage in using I-Q method in bit-interleaved Turbo coded modulation.

Coded Modulation Faster-than-Nyquist Transmission with Precoder and Channel Shortening Optimization

Faster-than-Nyquist(FTN)signaling can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE)of the transmission system.In this paper,we propose a coded modulation FTN(CM-FTN)transmission scheme with precoder and channel shortening(CS)optimization to improve bit error rate(BER)performance and reduce the complexity of FTN equalizer.In our proposal,the information rate(IR)or spectral efficiency(SE)is employed and verified as a better performance metric for CM-FTN than the minimum Euclidian distance(MED).The precoder of CM-FTN is optimized for maximizing the IR criterion using the bare-bones particle swarm optimization(BB-PSO)algorithm.Further,a three-carrier CM-FTN system model is used to capture the broadening effect of precoder.Also targeting for the IR maximization,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)length for CS is optimized to reduce the receiver complexity without performance loss.Simulation results demonstrate that our method has a 0.6dB precoding gain compared with the nonprecoding scheme and a maximum of 87.5%of the complexity of FTN equalizer is reduced without BER loss.

CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC POSITION SERVO SYSTEM WITH GENERALIZED PULSE CODE MODULATION

A hybrid control strategy has been designed and developed for the electro-hydraulic posi-tion servo control system with generalized Pulse code modulation （GPCM）, which is suitable for the area where the work condition is poor and a large flow rate is required. It is difficult to control the GPCM system because the system is discrete. With consideration of the stability and speediness of the GPCM position servo control system, a control strategy is developed through the theoretical and ex-perimental analyses. The control strategy integrates the merits of Bang-Bang control, PID control and fuzzy control. With this hybrid control strategy, the electro hydraulic control system has good per-formances, and the servo control is carried out with GPCM through on-off valves.

Pragmatic Approach to Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation

This paper presents a pragmatic adaptive scheme for TuCM over slowly fading channels. The adaptive scheme employs a single turbo coded modulator composed of a variable-rate turbo encoder and a variable-rate variable-power MQAM for all fading regions, so it has an acceptable complexity to implement. The optimal adaptive TuCM scheme is determined subject to various system constraints. Simulations have been performed to measure the performance of the scheme for different parameters. It is shown that adopting both the turbo coded modulator and the transmit power achieves a performance within 2.5 dB of the fading channel capacity.

Performance analysis of adaptive turbo coded modulation with time delay

The method of data fitting is applied to obtain the BER expression for turbo coded modulation, and a fitting mathematical model is proposed, which resolves the problem that there is no exact BER expression for turbo coded modulation in performance analysis. With the time delay consideration, the performance of BER of adaptive turbo coded modulation is analyzed and simulated. The results show that adaptive turbo coded modulation is very sensitive to time delay. In order to meet the target BER requirement, the total time delay should be less than 0 001/f D.

Achievable secrecy rate of bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes

We study the impact of various modulation mapping strategies and signal constellation shapes on the se- crecy rates achievable with bit-interleaved coded modulation （BICM） schemes. Transmission over an ergodic Rayleigh fading channel is assumed throughout this work. Various constellations and mapping techniques are considered in this work to maximize the capacity difference between the main channel and the eavesdropper channel, rather than to opti- mize the capacity of both channels. We show that in terms of achievable secrecy rate, Gray and Quasi-Gray mappings only perform Well at low SNR but outperformed by other mapping techniques when SNR increases. The proper design of signal mapping can significantly enhance the achievable secrecy rate in BICM schemes. It is indicated that the key parameter to the secrecy rate of a BICM system is the distance spectrum of Euclidean distances for mappings.

Application of Adaptive Coded Modulation Technology in UAV Data Link

UAV data link has been considered as an important part of UAV communication system, through which the UAV could communicate with warships. However, constant coding and modulation scheme that UAV adopts does not make full use of the channel capacity when UAV communicates with warships in a good channel environment. In order to improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency, adaptive coded modulation technology is studied. Based on maritime channel model, SNR estimation technology and adaptive threshold determination technology, the simulation of UAV data link communication is carried out in this paper. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that according to changes in maritime channel state, UAV can dynamically adjust the adaptive coded modulation scheme on the condition of meeting target Bit-Error-Rate (BER), the maximum amount of data transfer is non-adaptive systems three times.

Improved Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation Using STBC-CSM

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a scheme that enhances the error performance without extra power not bandwidth. This paper presents a modified Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation (SOTC-SM) based on a cyclic structure of the Space Time Coding. The developed code benefits from expanded codebook of the Space Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation (STBC-SM) to enhance the coding gain. The set-partitioning and the code design based on the expanded codebook was given for codes with rate of 2 and 3 bps and can be easily extended to higher rates. The Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated via computer simulation. It was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the SOTC-SM performance for the same number of transmit antennas.

Error code analysis and selection principle of M-ary modulation in network-based control systems

Error codes induced by M-ary modulation and modulation selection in network-based control systems are studied.It is the first time the issue of error codes induced by M-ary modulation is addressed in control field.In network-based control systems,error codes induced by noisy channel can significantly decrease the quality of control.To solve this problem,the network-based control system with delay and noisy channel is firstly modeled as an asynchronous dynamic system(ADS).Secondly,conditions of packet with error codes(PEC)loss rate by using M-ary modulation are obtained based on dynamic output feedback scheme.Thirdly,more importantly,the selection principle of M-ary modulation is proposed according to the measured signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and conditions of PEC loss rate.Finally,system stability is analyzed and controller is designed through Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality(LMI)scheme,and numerical simulations are made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Dual Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation for Integrated Multimedia Service Transmission

This paper proposes a cross-layer dual adaptive coded modulation architecture using turbo codes for mobile multimedia communication, which adapts to both the varying channel characteristics and the QoS of various multimedia services simultancously to increase the average system throughput substantially. A pragmatic channeladaptive turbo coded modulation schcme, which comes within 2.5 dB of the Shannon limit, is optimally designed, and then a QoS-adaptive scheme is superimposed to build the dual adaptive architecture. Simulation results show that the novel dual adaption reduces the gap from the fading channel capacity to 2 dB when assuming different services occur in equal probability and the service duration follows exponential distribution.