关于翻译教学论的反思

This paper offers a reassessment of the major points of principles of translation teaching with emphasis on the five relationships.In the discussion of each part,the author,out of his own teaching experience,puts forward these suggestions:1)to place emphasis on representation;2)to put stress on practice;3)to readjust the teacher learner relationship;4)to weaken Chinese English translation;and 5) to attach high priority to general styles. [

Reevaluation of the Holotype of Odorrana schmackeri Boettger,1892(Amphibia:Anura:Ranidae) and Characterization of One Cryptic Species in O.schmackeri sensu lato through Integrative Approaches

The Odorrana schmackeri sensu la to is a group of cascade frogs that are widely distributed in southern China.However,their taxonomy has long been unresolved and several cryptic species have been reported in the past decade.Previous analyses revealed the existence of three sympatrie species(i.c,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) at the type locality of O.schmackeri(Gaojiayan Town,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China).However,the lack of an original description for the holotype specimen(SMF6241) of O.schmackeri poses a confusing and controversial problem in species nomination within this group.Here,we reevaluate the taxonomic affinities of SMF6241 and examine the distinctness of O.sp2 based on specimens from the type locality.We use integrative approaches that combine morphology with 10 microsatellite loci and bioacoustics.Canonical discriminant analysis of morphological characteristics revealed three distinct groupings(i.e.,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) and attributed SMF6241 to O.schmackeri.Genetic clustering analysis of nuclear DNA also identified three corresponding clusters.In addition,analysis of interspecific variation in morphometrics and acoustics showed divergence between O.sp2 and its sympatric congeners.All lines of evidence from morphological,molecular and bioacoustic approaches suggest the species status of O.sp2,namely Odorrana ichangensis Chen,sp.nov.Overall,this study resolves the taxonomic assignment of the holotype of O.schmackeri and provides an example for species delimitation using integrative approaches.

Reevaluation on Antioxidant Activity of Tonic Chinese Herbs Pseudostellaria heterophylla

Tonic Chinese herbs Pseudostellaria heterophylla has complex components,which has both medicinal and nutritional effects,and the clinical research on anti-oxidation of P.heterophylla has become a hotspot.By searching domestic and foreign databases,the antioxidant literatures of P.heterophylla were searched,consulted,sorted,classified and analyzed,and systematic reevaluation of antioxidant function was conducted from three aspects of P.heterophylla extract in vitro chemical method,biological method and animal test method according to evaluation criteria for antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medicine and Meta analysis statistical methods.The results would provide systematic reference for further research and development of P.heterophylla,especially for forage value excavation and development of P.heterophylla in the field of modern animal breeding.

Lactate reloaded–reevaluation of the importance of lactate monitoring in the management of adult sepsis in the emergency department

For about a quarter of a century,monitoring lactate levels and/or lactate clearance has been an unquestionable cornerstone in sepsis management.The elevated lactate level appeared to be an independent predictor of mortality,and the consequent metabolic acidosis was thought to explain a number of pathophysiological changes seen in septic shock.Recent physiological and clinical findings seem to challenge the adverse role of lactic acidosis in sepsis.Evidence suggests that lactate levels are not necessarily directly proportional to either tissue or cellular hypoxia,and conversely,despite high lactate levels,increased peripheral tissue oxygen pressure can be measured in adult patients with septic shock.According to the most recent understanding of in vitro and in vivo evidence,the elevated lactate level in sepsis might be a normal reaction due to adrenergic stress with potential beneficial/protective physiological effects,as well.On the one hand,burning lactic may help fuel the body during critical illness,but on the other hand,with a slight drop in pH,the body may counteract certain deleterious changes during the dysregulated host response;reduce the chances of reperfusion myocardial injury,and improve tissue oxygenation by shifting the haemoglobin dissociation curve to the right.Understanding the pathophysiological process in sepsis resulting in elevated lactate levels may aid management in an emergency,medicine,and intensive care settings.With more in-depth physiological knowledge,physicians may inevitably surpass normalisation heuristics and deliver personalized rather than protocolised sepsis resuscitation.

Burnout and work-family conflict among nurses during the preparation for reevaluation of a grade A tertiary hospital

Objectives： To gain a better understanding of nurse burnout and work-family conflict for nurses and to help the hospital prepare for hospital grade reevaluation.Methods： This study is a cross-sectional study, and 95 nurses participated. The questionnaires included MBI and Carlson work-family conflict questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 17.Results： A total of 71.6% of nurses worked over 8 h per day during the last two months before the reevaluation. The total score of burnout of nurses was 66.84 ± 12.60, and the proportion of heavy work burnout was 44.2%. The personal accomplishment takes the heaviest portion（80.0%）. The total score of work-family conflict is 55.19 ± 9.27. The scores of work-to-family conflict are all higher than that of family-to-work conflict. The time dimension had the highest score.Conclusions： During the preparation period, nurses suffered from a heavy workload and intense job burnout, and many aspects of work-family conflict existed.

Reevaluating Africa’s Strategic Partnerships

Africa＇s strategic partnerships are aimed at mobilizing the necessary financial and technical support for the implementation of regional and continental programs, including the recently adopted Agenda 2063 and its First lO-Year Implementation Plan. However, although the strategic partnerships have proven relevant in the past, their objectives, scope and modus operandi need to be regularly reviewed in order to make them more balanced, productive and action-oriented.

Reevaluation of effect of albendazole on Echinococcus multilocularis infection in mice and gerbils

Abstract Objective To study the effect for albendazole therapy for alveolar echinococcus infection in gerbils and mice. Methods Mice and gerbils were infected of metacestode tissues by intraperitoneal (IP) transplantation and treated with albendazole medicated feeds. The effects were evaluated by comparison of the treated and control groups in terms of host mortality, larval metastases to lungs and liver, final larval weight, histopathological and ultrastructural examination of metacestode tissues. Viability of metacestode tissues at necropsy of treated animals was tested by intraperitoneal transplantation into uninfected animals. Results Albendazole medicated feeds significantly inhibited larval growth of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) both in mice and gerbils with markedly reduced host mortality and pulmonary and liver metastsaes. Viability test showed that albendazole therapy was parasiticidal in early stage of experimental infection. Light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of metacestode tissues of the treated animals revealed severe destruction and massive necrosis with marked calcification of protoscoleces and residual tissues. Conclusion Continuous long term albendazole therapy in animal models is parasiticidal against larval E. multilocularis especially in early stage of infection.