In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw a...In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.展开更多
In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting ...In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting different process schemes depending upon the properties of the highly sour crude. The Liaohe naphthenic-base crude oil with low freezing point is earmarked for manufacture of naphthenic lube oils and heavy traffic paving asphalt, while the extra-heavy Liaohe crude with high acid number is routed directly to delayed coking unit coupled with corresponding corrosion preventing measures, resulting in tackling the problem of equipment corrosion arising from refining of Liaohe highly sour crude to obtain light distillates from Liaohe heavy crude through a short process scheme.展开更多
This study carried out on the soybean oil samples taken from the processing lines during refining process (degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization process) for crude soybean oil as well as on color reve...This study carried out on the soybean oil samples taken from the processing lines during refining process (degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization process) for crude soybean oil as well as on color reversed oil after deodorization step during storage for several hours to study the physical and chemical properties (color, refractive index (RI), free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidative (TOTOX) value, oxidative stability (OS), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter (unsap. %), soap content, minerals, waxes, total phenols content, K<sub>232</sub> and k<sub>270</sub> nm), the fatty acids composition, sterol compound, total tocopherols and their components (α, β, γ and δ tocopherol) and tocored compound for these oils and to find out the reason for the color reversion after a short period from storage for the deodorized soybean oil. Citric acid has been added (0.2%) to each color reversed and neutralized soybean oils, then procedure of bleaching and deodorization process on them, and studied its effect on the physical and chemical properties for them specially the color units (red and yellow), tocopherols contents and tocored compound. The results showed that refining process for soybean oil caused to a gradual decrease in values of AV, oxidative stability, IV, wax, % Unsapo., K<sub>232</sub> and K<sub>270</sub> nm, total polyphenols, minerals (P, Ca and Mg), total tocopherols and their compounds (α, β, γ and δ tocopherol) and also caused decrease in all sterol components, but they showed a few differences in percentages of fatty acids as result refining process. Color values (red and yellow unites) recorded gradually decreased during refining process, but these values were increased in deodorized soybean oil after storage (color reversed soybean oil). Reduction of α, β, γ and δ tocopherol contents was found to be linearly with the increase of red and yellow color units (color darking). The tocored is responsible for the color reversion phenomenon, where as maximum amount of tocored was in crude soybean oil 169.2 ppm, which gradually decreased during refining process 120.35, 99.82, 20.25, and 8.46 ppm, respectively, but it was found to be 46.5 ppm in color reversed soybean oil. Addition of citric acid (0.2%) related to the removal of tocored from soybean oil during the bleaching and deodorization process of soybean oil before and after color reversion in parallel with the significant decrease in the color values.展开更多
Objectives:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester(3-MCPDE)were studied in camellia oil.It is important to study the changes in the content of PAHs and 3-MCPDE at different refinin...Objectives:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester(3-MCPDE)were studied in camellia oil.It is important to study the changes in the content of PAHs and 3-MCPDE at different refining stages(from crude oil to the final refined oil product)to elucidate the influence of the refining procedures on their change.Materials and methods:The PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil from different refining stages(from crude oil to the product)of a plant were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and calculated by the internal standard method.Results:The overall PAH content was(79.64±2.43)μg/kg in crude camellia oil.After refining treatment,the PAH content decreased to(18.75±0.55)μg/kg.The 3-MCPDE content increased during the refining process from 0 mg/kg in the crude oil to 4.62 mg/kg in the refined oil product.Conclusions:This is the first study to simultaneously monitor changes in both PAH and 3-MCPDE contents during the production of camellia oil.These results confirmed the effectiveness of the refining method on PAH removal and the increase in 3-MCPDE at high temperature.It is suggested that novel processing methods or refining parameters need further optimization to decrease the overall concentrations of PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil.展开更多
文摘In this study, a homogeneous alkaline catalyst was used in the production of biodiesel from raw and refined castor oil feedstock. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst between the two feedstocks, raw and refined castor oil was compared. The transesterification technique was utilized in this study, aiming to investigate the effect of different parameters, which include the reaction temperature, methanol-to-oil mole ratio, and catalyst concentration at a constant period of 90 minutes. The result revealed the performance of the KOH catalyst on raw castor oil yielded 98.49% FAME, which was higher than the refined castor oil which yielded 97.9% FAME. The optimal conditions obtained from refined castor oil were applied to raw castor oil because of the same properties. The fuel quality of castor oil and produced biodiesel were tested for physicochemical properties.
文摘In order to solve the problems related with processing low-quality Liaohe highly sour crude, the Liaohe Petrochemical Company has explored the possibility in optimizing the processing of highly sour crude by adopting different process schemes depending upon the properties of the highly sour crude. The Liaohe naphthenic-base crude oil with low freezing point is earmarked for manufacture of naphthenic lube oils and heavy traffic paving asphalt, while the extra-heavy Liaohe crude with high acid number is routed directly to delayed coking unit coupled with corresponding corrosion preventing measures, resulting in tackling the problem of equipment corrosion arising from refining of Liaohe highly sour crude to obtain light distillates from Liaohe heavy crude through a short process scheme.
文摘This study carried out on the soybean oil samples taken from the processing lines during refining process (degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization process) for crude soybean oil as well as on color reversed oil after deodorization step during storage for several hours to study the physical and chemical properties (color, refractive index (RI), free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidative (TOTOX) value, oxidative stability (OS), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter (unsap. %), soap content, minerals, waxes, total phenols content, K<sub>232</sub> and k<sub>270</sub> nm), the fatty acids composition, sterol compound, total tocopherols and their components (α, β, γ and δ tocopherol) and tocored compound for these oils and to find out the reason for the color reversion after a short period from storage for the deodorized soybean oil. Citric acid has been added (0.2%) to each color reversed and neutralized soybean oils, then procedure of bleaching and deodorization process on them, and studied its effect on the physical and chemical properties for them specially the color units (red and yellow), tocopherols contents and tocored compound. The results showed that refining process for soybean oil caused to a gradual decrease in values of AV, oxidative stability, IV, wax, % Unsapo., K<sub>232</sub> and K<sub>270</sub> nm, total polyphenols, minerals (P, Ca and Mg), total tocopherols and their compounds (α, β, γ and δ tocopherol) and also caused decrease in all sterol components, but they showed a few differences in percentages of fatty acids as result refining process. Color values (red and yellow unites) recorded gradually decreased during refining process, but these values were increased in deodorized soybean oil after storage (color reversed soybean oil). Reduction of α, β, γ and δ tocopherol contents was found to be linearly with the increase of red and yellow color units (color darking). The tocored is responsible for the color reversion phenomenon, where as maximum amount of tocored was in crude soybean oil 169.2 ppm, which gradually decreased during refining process 120.35, 99.82, 20.25, and 8.46 ppm, respectively, but it was found to be 46.5 ppm in color reversed soybean oil. Addition of citric acid (0.2%) related to the removal of tocored from soybean oil during the bleaching and deodorization process of soybean oil before and after color reversion in parallel with the significant decrease in the color values.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B020212001)Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Project(LGN19C200003)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1603600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871884).
文摘Objectives:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester(3-MCPDE)were studied in camellia oil.It is important to study the changes in the content of PAHs and 3-MCPDE at different refining stages(from crude oil to the final refined oil product)to elucidate the influence of the refining procedures on their change.Materials and methods:The PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil from different refining stages(from crude oil to the product)of a plant were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and calculated by the internal standard method.Results:The overall PAH content was(79.64±2.43)μg/kg in crude camellia oil.After refining treatment,the PAH content decreased to(18.75±0.55)μg/kg.The 3-MCPDE content increased during the refining process from 0 mg/kg in the crude oil to 4.62 mg/kg in the refined oil product.Conclusions:This is the first study to simultaneously monitor changes in both PAH and 3-MCPDE contents during the production of camellia oil.These results confirmed the effectiveness of the refining method on PAH removal and the increase in 3-MCPDE at high temperature.It is suggested that novel processing methods or refining parameters need further optimization to decrease the overall concentrations of PAHs and 3-MCPDE in camellia oil.
