NADARAYA-WATSON ESTIMATORS FOR REFLECTED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

We study the Nadaraya-Watson estimators for the drift function of two-sided reflected stochastic differential equations.The estimates,based on either the continuously observed process or the discretely observed process,are considered.Under certain conditions,we prove the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of the two estimators.Our method is also suitable for one-sided reflected stochastic differential equations.Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of our estimator is superior to that of the estimator proposed by Cholaquidis et al.(Stat Sin,2021,31:29-51).Several real data sets of the currency exchange rate are used to illustrate our proposed methodology.

High-resolution crustal structure of the Yinchuan basin revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling:implications for deep processes of basin

The Yinchuan basin, located on the western margin of the Ordos block, has the characteristics of an active continental rift. A NW-striking deep seismic reflection profile across the center of Yinchuan basin precisely revealed the fine structure of the crust. The images showed that the crust in the Yinchuan basin was characterized by vertical stratifications along a detachment located at a two-way travel time（TWT） of 8.0 s.The most outstanding feature of this seismic profile was the almost flat Mohorovicˇic′ discontinuity（Moho） and a high-reflection zone in the lower crust. This sub-horizontal Moho conflicts with the general assumption of an uplifted Moho under sedimentary basins and continental rifts, and may indicate the action of different processes at depth during the evolution of sedimentary basins or rifts.We present a possible interpretation of these deep processes and the sub-horizontal Moho. The high-reflection zone, which consists of sheets of high-density, mantlederived materials, may have compensated for crustal thinning in the Yinchuan basin, leading to the formation of a sub-horizontal Moho. These high-density materials may have been emplaced by underplating with mantlesourced magma.

Label-Free and Real-Time Monitor of Binding and Dissociation Processes between Protein A and Swine IgG by Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference Method

Life science has a need for detection methods that are label-free and real-time. In this paper, we have selected staphylococcal protein A （SPA） and swine immunoglobulin G （IgG）, and monitor the bindings between SPA and swine IgG with different concentrations, as well as the dissociations of SPA-swine IgG complex in different pH values of phosphate buffer by oblique-incidence reflectivity difference （OIRD） in a label-free and real-time fashion. We obtain the ON and OFF reaction dynamic curves corresponding to the bindings and dissociations of SPA and swine IgG. Through our analysis of the experimental results, we have been able to obtain the damping coefficients and the dissociation time of SPA and swine IgG for different pH values of the phosphate buffer. The results prove that the OIRD technique is a competing method for monitoring the dynamic processes of biomolecule interaction and achieving the quantitative information of reaction kinetics.

Application of Spectral Angle Mapper Classification to Discriminate Hydrothermal Alteration in Southwest Birjand, Iran, Using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Image Processing

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Spectral Angle Mapper （SAM） classification method for determining the optimum threshold （maximum spectral angle） to unveil the hydrothermal mineral assemblages related to mineral deposits. The study area indicates good potential for Cu-Au porphyry, epithermal gold deposits and hydrothermal alteration well developed in arid and semiarid climates, which makes this region significant for Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） image processing analysis. Given that achieving an acceptable mineral mapping requires knowing the alteration patterns, petrochemistry and petrogenesis of the igneous rocks while considering the effect of weathering, overprinting of supergene alteration, overprinting of hypogene alteration and host rock spectral mixing, SAM classification was implemented for argillic, sericitic, propylitic, alunitization, silicification and iron oxide zones of six previously known mineral deposits： Maherabad, a Cu-Au porphyry system; Sheikhabad, an upper part of Cu-Au porphyry system; Khoonik, an Intrusion related Au system; Barmazid, a low sulfidation epithermal system; Khopik, a Cu-Au porphyry system; and Hanish, an epithermal Au system. Thus, the investigation showed that although the whole alteration zones are affected by mixing, it is also possible to produce a favorable hydrothermal mineral map by such complementary data as petrology, petrochemistry and alteration patterns.

Process View of Reflection Mechanism for Reuse Software Architecture

Reflection mechanism for reuse software architecture （RMRSA） divides a software architecture into base-level architecture and meta-level architecture logically. Base-level architecture is the ordinary architecture; meta-level represents and manipulates the reusable meta-information of base-level architecture explicitly. Through reflection, the modification of meta-level architecture will result in the modification of the architecture in base-level. Then we can gain a new base-level architecture design. In this paper, we use π-calculus to define the constituents and their interaction processes of RMRSA, by these definition, we specify the business function in base-level at runtime, and illustrate the reflection mechanism between the base-level architecture and meta-level architecture.

A Reflective Approach for Dynamic Change of BPEL Process

WS-BPEL （Web Service Business Process Execution Language）, as an emerging workflow standard, provides a simple and effective way to construct Web Services-oriented workflows. However, to the best of our knowledge, few effort from the industry and academia has addressed the dynamic change problems of BPEL process. This paper proposes a reflective approach to solve this problem. In this paper, a formal meta-object model of process instance is defined; the behavioral consistency criterion based on this model is proposed; a set of modification primitives are given to modify the meta-object while keeping the change atomic and consistent; and in addition, the MOP is offered to provide the programming interfaces for dynamic BPEL process change.

Preparation of Scratch-Resistant Nano-Porous Silica Films Derived by Sol-Gel Process and Their Anti-reflective Properties

Structural strengthening of the nano porous silica films has been reported. The films were prepared with a base/acid two-step catalyzed TEOS-based sol-gel processing and dip-coating, and then baked in the mixed gas of ammonia and water vapor. The silica films were characterized with TEM, AFM, FTIR, spectrophotometer, ellipsometer, and abrasion test, respectively. The experimental results have shown that the films have a nanostructure with a low refractive index and can form an excellent scratch-resistant broadband anti-reflectance. The two-step catalysis noticeably strengthens the films, and the mixed gas treatment further improves mechanical strength of the silica network. Finally the strengthening mechanism has been discussed.

Process Characterization of the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil to Biodiesel Using Design of Experiments and Infrared Spectroscopy

For optimization of production processes and product quality,often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is compulsory.Thus,process analytical technology(PAT)that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and quality.The present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process,the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor set-up.To this end,a design of experiment approach is applied,where the effects of two process factors,the molar ratio and the total flow rate of the reactants,are investigated.The optimized process target response is the FAME mass fraction in the purified nonpolar phase of the product as a measure of reaction yield.The quantification is performed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares regression.The data retrieved during the conduction of the DoE experimental plan were used for statistical analysis.A non-linear model indicating a synergistic interaction between the studied factors describes the reactor behavior with a high coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.9608.Thus,we applied a PAT approach to generate further insight into this established industrial process.

浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶产业发展现状与思考

颗粒形绿茶是浙江省绿茶的重要品类,团队在调研浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶生产状况、加工工艺和设备、品质现状及标准建设的基础上,研制了浙江省茶叶学会颗粒形绿茶团体标准,对浙江省优质颗粒形绿茶产业的后续发展进行了思考和建议,可为浙江省颗粒形绿茶产业健康有序发展提供参考。

困程的诗意:宋代文人的舟阻体验与诗歌书写

舟阻介于舟行与宿泊之间,是行旅诗叙写的重要内容,宋代尤多。宋人摆脱了对舟阻遭遇的悲愁印象,视舟阻遭遇为造物考验,将惊险恐怖的自然景象改造为奇崛震撼的造物奇观,虚构成反常合道的传奇,以去留随意、迟速兼忘、顺势而为等通达的态度,深化了舟阻书写的思想内涵。舟阻书写体现了宋人对行旅困境的深度思考,舟阻诗中展现的困境智慧亦不失启发价值。

On the Pathwise Uniqueness of Solutions of One-dimensional Reflected Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of the pathwise uniqueness of one-dimensional reflected stochastic differential equations with jumps under the assumption of non-Lipschitz continuous coefficients whose proof are based on the technique of local time.

IRS辅助的UAV无线传感网络数据采集优化方案

针对无线传感网络海量数据采集导致的信息低时效与系统高能耗问题,提出一种智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,IRS)辅助的无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)数据采集优化方案。其中,多个带有缓冲区的地面传感器收集环境信息,能量受限的UAV在IRS协助下采集传感器的状态更新。通过联合考虑系统信息新鲜度与UAV的推进能耗,对UAV的3D飞行轨迹、地面传感器调度与IRS配置进行联合优化,构建平均信息年龄(Age of Information,AoI)与推进能耗加权和优化问题;然后将该非凸优化问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,并提出基于深度强化学习算法对基于曼哈顿城市模拟环境下的UAV数据采集过程进行优化训练。最终得到UAV的优化3D飞行轨迹与IRS的优化配置。仿真结果表明,所提优化算法可在提高信息新鲜度的同时有效降低系统能耗。当IRS反射单元数量相同时,系统性能相较基准方案最高提升约50.64%。证明了所提数据采集方案的优越性与IRS提高系统性能的有效性。

基于数字图像处理的几何光学法测量液体浓度

根据全反射原理,搭建了一套测量液体浓度的实验装置。该实验装置借助数字图像处理技术对通过摄像头采集的全反射临界角进行处理,精确测量临界角,从而得到透明液体的折射率,根据拟合的液体浓度和折射率的单调函数关系,求其浓度。该实验原理简单,实验结果精确度高,在大学物理学习中培养了学生创新能力。

原位衰减全反射表面增强红外光谱示踪单原子催化二氧化碳电还原反应中间体的研究进展

电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)涉及多个电子和质子转移,动态演变过程复杂.具有结构简单性和均匀性的单原子催化剂(SACs)是研究上述复杂过程的理想模型催化剂,有利于理解催化构效关系.原位衰减全反射表面增强红外光谱技术为识别单原子催化CO_(2)RR的动态演变过程提供了有利方法.本文总结了原位红外光谱在电催化CO_(2)RR研究中的应用:首先,简要介绍了电化学衰减全反射表面增强红外光谱的表面增强机制;详细探讨了原位衰减全反射表面增强红外光谱技术在研究原子级金属催化剂催化CO_(2)/CORR反应动态演变过程的关键作用;简述了原位红外谱图确定界面水的相关信息以及电极局部pH值的定量方法.原位电化学红外光谱技术加深了对CO_(2)RR反应机制的理解,揭示了催化剂结构、电解质种类、分子吸附方式等对反应活性和选择性的调控规律.尽管研究已取得较大进展,但由于电催化CO_(2)RR的复杂性,学者对该反应的认知仍不够全面和深入,面临的机遇和挑战如下:(1)精准辨识CO_(2)RR关键中间体/生成物.特别是当中间体/生成物的特征峰与其他峰重叠时,精准识别相关特征峰将极具挑战.一方面,需进一步提高原位光谱技术分辨率;另一方面,近年来深度学习算法在光谱分析领域的应用为中间体/生成物混合特征峰的精准识别提供了有效方案,此类算法能建立变量之间的关系,实现光谱中特征信息的智能、精准提取;(2)深入解析CO_(2)RR机理和复杂的反应路径.目前,研究者尚难以通过直接实验手段明确CO_(2)RR路径.原位电化学红外光谱技术结合密度泛函理论(DFT)是明确CO_(2)RR中间体和反应途径的可行方案,能够进一步指导反应条件优化和催化剂结构设计;(3)建立工况下的原位CO_(2)RR机理研究方案.膜电极组件(MEA)电解槽通过使用膜直接连接阴极气体扩散电极和阳极,有效解决了H型反应器的局限性,具有工业应用前景.然而,基于MEA的工况条件CO_(2)RR机制研究鲜有报道.因此,需要开发工况条件下的原位电化学光谱技术,以探究三相界面分子尺度关键中间体/生成物动态演变,并建立工况条件的CO_(2)RR催化构效关系,这将有助于提高工况下的选择性、转化效率,以及实现更高价值的多碳产品的规模生产,并进一步指导高效反应器设计.综上,本文详细综述了原位红外光谱在电化学CO_(2)RR研究中的应用,并对电催化CO_(2)RR目前遇到的问题提出了解决方案,希望对广大科研工作者利用原位红外光谱进一步深入研究电催化CO_(2)RR提供参考和借鉴.

多方参与的北京传统居住院落保护实践运行机制解析

传统居住院落是北京老城保护的重点与难点,尽管保护实践不断开展,但风貌环境与居住条件仍普遍落后,亟需探究保护实践的运行机制,理解保护行动与保护结果之间的逻辑关系,以提升保护实践效果。为此,以北京雨儿胡同传统居住院落保护实践项目为例,从多方参与的过程性特点出发,构建“过程分析—效果评价—原因反思”的保护实践运行机制解析框架。研究发现:主体参与意愿和参与能力、项目目标设置、过程设计和机制保障共同影响实践效果。据此提出传统居住院落保护实践策略建议,为精细化设计多方参与保护实践运行机制提供参考。

解开西安城墙历史保护的成功密码

西安城墙是我国目前规模最大、保护最完整的古城垣,在20世纪下半叶经历了历次拆城浪潮后成功保留至今,不得不说是一个奇迹,是我国在遗产保护领域为数不多的具有成功经验的代表。在对西安城墙保护历程回顾的基础上,本文将详细剖析保护规划得以顺利实施背后的深层次原因,并思考其中的得失。希望通过对这段尘封历史的探寻与反思,能够起到以史为镜的作用,推动我国文化遗产保护事业进一步发展。

Lévy过程驱动下的反射Cox-Ingersoll-Ross利率模型的平稳性（英文）

布朗运动与正态分布已被广泛应用在Cox-Ingersoll-Ross利率框架的瞬时动态利率模型中,然而,实证研究表明,利率的回报率分布比正常分布有一个更高的峰值和两个更胖的尾部.同时,当罕见的灾难性的冲击发生或在经济和金融的体制发生转变,货币市场可能会出现跳.在本文中,我们将考虑一类带Levy噪声的反射Cox-Ingersoll-Ross利率模型.此外,我们得出了这种带跳的反射扩散过程平稳分布的拉普拉斯变换.

不同表面处理工艺对塑料的反射率影响

针对汽车灯具应用的不同塑料,从模具表面的抛光工艺、注塑工艺和塑料表面处理工艺3个方面,研究了不同材料、不同工艺处理方式对零件表面反射率的影响,为汽车灯具材料选择、工艺规划以及光学设计提供了重要的支撑。

陕西省畜禽粪污资源化利用现状与思考

畜禽粪污是指畜禽在养殖生产过程中所产生的粪、尿、污物以及与冲洗水所形成的粪尿水混合物。畜禽养殖粪污用途较广,是宝贵资源,处理好、利用好、就会变废为宝,可用于有机肥生产、特种养殖、沼气发电以及饲料原料(鸡粪再利用)等。将畜禽粪污纳入生产循环再利用系统,运用物理的、化学的、生物的等方式方法进行无害化处理,将畜禽粪污变为可利用资源,对改善养殖人居生态、减少畜禽疾病传播、实现养殖增收、推动化肥减量有着重要意义。笔者结合我省畜禽粪污处理与资源化利用现状,谈一些个人的思考和建议。