Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAS)are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural excitability.Arthrogenic muscle inhibition(AMI)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically measured.Assessing AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this relationship.Methods:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal stance.Electrical stimulation was administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior muscles.The primary outcome measure was the H_(max)/M_(max) ratio.Secondary outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported function.Results:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any muscle.However,a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural control.Conclusion:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS,providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal injury.Our results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

Robust Facial Biometric Authentication System Using Pupillary Light Reflex for Liveness Detection of Facial Images

Pupil dynamics are the important characteristics of face spoofing detection.The face recognition system is one of the most used biometrics for authenticating individual identity.The main threats to the facial recognition system are different types of presentation attacks like print attacks,3D mask attacks,replay attacks,etc.The proposed model uses pupil characteristics for liveness detection during the authentication process.The pupillary light reflex is an involuntary reaction controlling the pupil’s diameter at different light intensities.The proposed framework consists of two-phase methodologies.In the first phase,the pupil’s diameter is calculated by applying stimulus(light)in one eye of the subject and calculating the constriction of the pupil size on both eyes in different video frames.The above measurement is converted into feature space using Kohn and Clynes model-defined parameters.The Support Vector Machine is used to classify legitimate subjects when the diameter change is normal(or when the eye is alive)or illegitimate subjects when there is no change or abnormal oscillations of pupil behavior due to the presence of printed photograph,video,or 3D mask of the subject in front of the camera.In the second phase,we perform the facial recognition process.Scale-invariant feature transform(SIFT)is used to find the features from the facial images,with each feature having a size of a 128-dimensional vector.These features are scale,rotation,and orientation invariant and are used for recognizing facial images.The brute force matching algorithm is used for matching features of two different images.The threshold value we considered is 0.08 for good matches.To analyze the performance of the framework,we tested our model in two Face antispoofing datasets named Replay attack datasets and CASIA-SURF datasets,which were used because they contain the videos of the subjects in each sample having three modalities(RGB,IR,Depth).The CASIA-SURF datasets showed an 89.9%Equal Error Rate,while the Replay Attack datasets showed a 92.1%Equal Error Rate.

THREE KINDS OF DENTABILITIES IN BANACH SPACES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

In this paper,we study some dentabilities in Banach spaces which are closely related to the famous Radon-Nikodym property.We introduce the concepts of the weak^(*)-weak denting point and the weak^(*)-weak^(*)denting point of a set.These are the generalizations of the weak^(*)denting point of a set in a dual Banach space.By use of the weak^(*)-weak denting point,we characterize the very smooth space,the point of weak^(*)-weak continuity,and the extreme point of a unit ball in a dual Banach space.Meanwhile,we also characterize an approximatively weak compact Chebyshev set in dual Banach spaces.Moreover,we define the nearly weak dentability in Banach spaces,which is a generalization of near dentability.We prove the necessary and sufficient conditions of the reflexivity by nearly weak dentability.We also obtain that nearly weak dentability is equivalent to both the approximatively weak compactness of Banach spaces and the w-strong proximinality of every closed convex subset of Banach spaces.

Is there a need for universal double reflex testing of HBsAg-positive individuals for hepatitis D infection?

Hepatitis D virus(HDV)can infect HBsAg-positive individuals,causing rapid fibrosis progression,early decompensation,increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk,and higher mortality than hepatitis B virus(HBV)mono-infection.Most countries lack high-quality HDV prevalence data,and the collection techniques employed often bias published data.In recent meta-analyses,HDV prevalence in HBsAg-positive patients reaches 5%-15%and is even significantly higher in endemic areas.Since HBV vaccination programs were implemented,HDV prevalence has decreased among younger populations.However,owing to immigrant influx,it has increased in some Western countries.The current practice of HDV screening in HBsAg-positive individuals is stepwise,based on physician’s discretion,and limited to at-risk populations and may require numerous visits.Double reflex testing,which includes anti-HDV testing in all HBsAg-positive individuals and then HDV RNA testing for anti-HDV-positive ones,is uncommon.Reflex testing can identify more HDV infection cases and link identified patients to further care and follow-up.Moreover,laboratory-based double reflex screening is less biased than physician-led testing.Therefore,health-care providers should learn about reflex testing,and federal and provincial hepatitis control programs should implement laboratory-based double reflex testing to obtain reliable HDV prevalence estimates.The test’s cost-effectiveness depends on the number of HBV-positive patients screened to identify one HDV-positive patient.Such testing may be viable in areas with low HBsAg but high HDV prevalence.However,its economic impact on areas with low HDV prevalence needs further study.

Nursing Care of 10 Patients with Vasovagal Reflex Caused by Artificial Liver Support System Treatment

This study outlines the essential nursing strategies employed in the care of 10 patients experiencing vascular vagal reflex, managed with artificial liver support systems. It highlights a holistic nursing approach tailored to the distinct clinical manifestations of these patients. Key interventions included early detection of psychological issues prior to initiating treatment, the implementation of comprehensive health education, meticulous monitoring of vital signs throughout the therapy, prompt emergency interventions when needed, adherence to prescribed medication protocols, and careful post-treatment observations including venous catheter management. Following rigorous treatment and dedicated nursing care, 7 patients demonstrated significant improvement and were subsequently discharged.

“I Dread the Heart Surgery but it Keeps My Child Alive”—Experiences of Parents of Children with Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Anomalies during the Assessment for Cardiac Reoperation

Background:Parents of children with complex right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)anomalies are confronted with their child’s need for heart surgery early in life and repeated reoperations later on.Preoperative assessment needs to be performed whenever an indication for reoperation is suspected.The aim was to illuminate the experiences of parents of children diagnosed with RVOT anomalies,in particular,how they experience their child’s heart disease and everyday life during the assessment and after the decision on whether to perform a reoperation.Method:Individual interviews(n=27)were conducted with nine parents on three occasions between 2014 and 2016 and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results:The analysis resulted in the following five main coexisting themes:The heart surgery keeps my child alive illuminates parents’experiences during and after the assessment and emphasizes that heart surgery,although dreaded,is central for their child’s survival;Everyday struggles illuminates the different struggles parents had to face to ensure that their child would be in the best possible condition;the remaining three themes,Unconditional love,Trust in life,and Togetherness,illuminate the ways in which the parents gained inner strength and confidence in their everyday lives.Conclusion:Although the parents were grateful for the assessment and had learned to navigate among the fears it aroused,they experienced several distressing situations during the assessment process that should be addressed.By inviting both the parents and their child to participate in the child’s care,individualized support can take into account the needs of both parents and child.

Anesthetic effect of phenobarbital sodium on female BALB/c mice

Objective:Anesthetics are of great importance in avoiding severe pain and suffering in animals and ensuring experimental progress.This study was aimed at elucidating the anesthesia score of phenobarbital sodium as a general anesthetic at different concentrations and doses in BALB/c mice,and finding the suitable anesthesia strategies for experimental surgeries.Methods:Phenobarbital sodium was administrated intraperitoneally at the doses of 75,100,125,150,and 200 mg/kg and randomly in different concentrations(2%,5%,and 10%)to female BALB/c mice.The anesthesia score was evaluated based on the stimulus index including tail-pinch,front and hind limb withdrawal,and eyelid reflexes.The speed and duration of anesthesia in different groups were recorded per the occurrence and duration of the righting reflex.Results:The anesthetic effect of phenobarbital sodium on female BALB/c mice showed an obvious dose-dependency.Respiratory suppression caused by high-dose anesthesia may lead to mouse death.Based on the anesthesia score,when the phenobarbital sodium treatment was greater than or equal to five percent or 200 mg/kg,more than 80%mice meet the anesthesia depth that surgical operation needed.The rates of achieving surgical anesthesia depth(standard-reaching rate)in mice treated with 2%sodium phenobarbital were 0%in the 75 mg/kg group,0%in the 100 mg/kg group,50%in the 125 mg/kg group,66.7%in the 150 mg/kg group,and 100%in the 200 mg/kg group.The standard-reaching rate of mice treated with 5%concentration of phenobarbital sodium were:0%in the 75 mg/kg group,0%in the 100 mg/kg group,83.33%in the 125 mg/kg group,100%in the 150 mg/kg group,and 100%in the 200 mg/kg group.The standard-reaching rate of mice treated with 10%concentration of phenobarbital sodium were:50%in the 75 mg/kg group,66.7%in the 100 mg/kg group,100%in the 125 mg/kg group,100%in the 150mg/kg group,and 100%in the 200 mg/kg group.Sedation and hypnosis were induced in the low-concentration dose group,and anesthesia was induced in the high-concentration dose group.In the 5%and 125 mg/kg phenobarbital sodium groups,the mortality rate of mice was 0,the anesthesia induction time was(35.5±7.92)minutes,and the anesthesia duration was(106±39.59)minutes.In the 5%and 150 mg/kg phenobarbital sodium groups,the mortality rate of mice was 0,the anesthesia induction time was(34.83±5.27)minutes,and the anesthesia duration was(131.7±36.75)minutes.Conclusion:Phenobarbital sodium alone can provide appropriate general anesthesia in female BALB/c mice.Both the concentration and dose of phenobarbital sodium can affect the anesthetic effect.On the basis of our findings,we recommend the 5%and 125 mg/kg and 5%and 150 mg/kg concentration–dose combinations of phenobarbital sodium for anesthetizing mice according to the surgical requirement.

Affected-Ear-Up 90°Maneuver Proves That Nystagmus Does Not Occur by the Stimulation to the Macula of the Utricle

Background: The utricular macula is located on the floor of the utricle, approximately in the plane of the lateral semicircular canal, and is oriented to respond best to lateral tilts and side-to-side or fore-and-aft translations of the head. However, the details of the otolith ocular reflex are unknown. Pathophysiology of transient direction-changing geotropic positional nystagmus is a canalolithiasis in the lateral semicircular canal. The principle of affected-ear-up 90° maneuver is moving debris from a long arm to the utricle, therefore debris stimulates the utricular macula in the sitting position after the treatment. Objective: To clarify whether nystagmus occurs by the stimulation to the macula of the utricle. Methods: The subjects were 10 patients with lateral semicircular canal canalolithiasis. After the diagnosis, we performed affected-ear-up 90° maneuver immediately. We observed eye movements in the sitting position (chin-down 30°) just after the treatment. Results: No one showed nystagmus in the sitting position after the treatment. In all patients, positional nystagmus disappeared within 7 days after the treatment. Conclusion: Nystagmus does not occur by the stimulation to the macula of the utricle. Hence, we cannot assess the function of the utricle by the analysis of eye movements, and ocular counter-rolling is considered to be a semicircular canal ocular reflex.

The Local Theory of Completely 1-Summing Mapping Spaces

In this paper, we investigate local properties in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. We introduce notions of injectivity, local reflexivity, exactness, nuclearity and finite-representability in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. First we obtain that if V has WEP, V is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if it is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅰ(⋅,⋅), t(⋅)). Furthermore we prove that an operator space V ⊆ B(H) is exact in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)). At last, we show that an operator space V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V = C.

光追与DLSS 3改变行业生态 NVIDIA BW 2023媒体品鉴会采风

2023年7月20日,正值一年一度的Bilibili World展会召开之际,NVIDI A在上海召开了一场以“速度穿越”为主题的媒体品鉴会。本次品鉴会的主要内容围绕GeForce RTX 40系GPU展开。在品鉴会上,NVIDIA从实时光线追踪给游戏带来的画质革命、DLSS 3对游戏性能的巨大加持、NVIDIA Reflex技术对电竞和FPS类游戏的系统延迟优化以及RTX 40系GPU在设计创作及AI领域的加速作用等几个方面,为参会媒体进行了详细地展示与讲解。

Eye Movements Induced by Stimulation to the Otolith Organs

Background: We have been performing a canalith repositioning procedure for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. When we adopted the Epley maneuver for posterior semicircular canal type, and affected-ear-up 90° maneuver for lateral semicircular canal type, we noticed that no nystagmus occurred in the sitting position just after treatment. Despite direct excitation to the utricle by the pathological debris, none of the subjects complained of dizziness. Thus, we hypothesized that nystagmus and dizziness do not occur by stimulation of the otolith organs. Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and record the eye movements induced by the otolith organs to confirm our hypothesis. Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy humans were tested. In the sitting position, the head was tilted to the right ear by 45° and vice versa. Afterward, the head was bent forward by 90° (nose-down), and the subject’s seat was reclined to the head-hanging position. Each position was kept for five seconds. We interviewed the subjects to assess their dizziness. Results: None of the subjects showed nystagmus and complained of dizziness in every position. Conclusions: Nystagmus does not occur by the stimulation to the otolith organs;therefore, ocular counter-rolling is a semicircular canal ocular reflex.

Hearing Assessment among Sudanese Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients versus Non-Rheumatoid Arthritis Individuals

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases that affect many body systems including the auditory system. Objectives: To assess hearing thresholds and to ascertain types of hearing loss among Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis patients attending rheumatology clinic in Omdurman military hospital and matching them with non-rheumatoid arthritis subjects. Methodology: This descriptive and analytic (comparative) hospital based cross sectional study conducted from October 2020 to April 2021 which include 66 RA patients with age range (21 - 60 years) matched with 41 non-rheumatoid arthritis group sharing same characteristics (nation, gender and age). Pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and acoustic reflexes were done for all RA patients and matched groups. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the association and correlation tests for associations and t-test for independent samples. Results: Thirty-six (54.5%) of RA patients had hearing impairment versus 9 (22%) non-RA in PTA test. Twenty-four RA cases (36.3%) showed asymmetrical hearing threshold and graph in PTA between right and left ears. Thirty-four (51.5%) right and 36 (54.5%) left ears were normal degree followed by 23 (34.8%) in the right and 24 (36.4%) in the left ears were mild degree hearing loss. Among hearing impaired RA patients;20 right ears (62.5%) and 19 left ears (65.5%) had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), conductive hearing loss 11 (34.4%) right ears and 9 (31%) left ears. Mixed HL was in 1 right ear (3.1%) and 1 left ear (3.5%). The most common degree of SNHL type was mild in (75%) and (78.9%) in right and left ears respectively, moderate and moderate severe were (20%) in the right and (15.7%) in the left ears. Fifty-eight right ears (87.9%) and 56 left ears (84.8%) had type A tympanogram while 7 (10.6%) right ears and 9 left ears (13.6%) were type As tympanogram, one right and one left ears had type Ad tympanogram. Acoustic reflex was impaired in 17 right ears and 17 left ears (25.8% for both). There were significant statistical differences in most of the specific frequency means between the study group and non-rheumatoid group in the right and left ears p-value 0.05). Also there was no significant statistical association between anti-rheumatic drugs used and hearing threshold of RA patients (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Hearing impairment especially sensorineural type is common in Sudanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Conductive hearing loss is less common and most likely due to ossicles diarthrodial joint stiffness. No influence of the disease activity or used anti-rheumatic drugs on hearing threshold of the RA patients was detected in this study.

面神经炎的电生理学诊断研究

目的:探讨神经电生理学检测对面神经炎(双称Bell麻痹)的诊断价值。方法:对75例面神经炎患者主要施行了瞬目反射(Blink-Reflex)和强度-时间曲线测定。结果:瞬目反射(Blink-Reflex)测定和强度-时间曲线测定在疾病的不同时期可有电生理的异常特征。结论:瞬目反射(Blink-Reflex)测定和强度-时间曲线测定有助于疾病的诊断及预后的判断。

锂电池的充电、管理和保护

针对如何快速充电并有效地保护和延长电池使用寿命,提高电池组整体的能量效率及使用可靠安全度,文章利用HT46R23单片机微处理机设计了一款锂电池充电和管理保护板,本设计能对电池充放电过程进行全程监控,及时取样并进行各种变数的比较,做出明确的决策,提供有效数据显示。

REFLEX自锁钢板治疗颈椎间盘突出的临床疗效

目的 探讨应用REFLEX颈椎前路自锁钢板治疗颈椎间盘突出的远期疗效。方法 4 6例患者经前路减压植骨融合REFLEX自锁钢板固定。结果 4 4例患者获得长期随访 ,最长 2 3个月 ,最短 14个月 ,平均 17个月。所有患者均于 13～ 16周获得骨性愈合。术后未出现椎间高度丢失现象 ,无钢板螺钉松动 ,植骨块滑脱。获得随访病例绝大多数神经功能得到不同程度的改善。结论 应用RE

用AP-N_1(或ABR波I)潜伏期检测响度重振

本文对50例平坦型感音神经性聋病人用声反射阈以及AP-N_1潜伏期检查响度重振进行了分析,结果显示:声反射阈重振阳性率为76％,纯音听阈与声反射阈阳性率的关系为:随着听阈的增高声反射阈阳性率下降;耳蜗电图在高声强时AP-N_1潜伏期完全在正常范围的占56％,若以患耳与正常耳在同一阈上dB数比较,则100％小于正常耳,显示重振阳性。如果两指标结合检测,响度重振阳性率也明显提高。我们认为用AP-N_1潜伏期检测响度重振方法可行、理论依据充分,且用它检测响度重振的阳性率明显高于声反射阈。

用Reflexive ACL实现网络单向访问

通过建立路由器访问控制列表,可以控制任何IP地址对网络的访问,但要实现网络的单向访问,一般的访问列表是无法做到的。本文从实际应用的角度出发,利用一种特殊的ACL-ReflexiveACL,即自反访问控制列表,来实现网络的单向访问,并分析、阐述了它的配置过程。

Electroacupuncture at ST36 modulates gastric motility via vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes in rats

BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture(EA) at ST36 can significantly improve gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in promoting gastrointestinal motility. The automatic nervous system plays a main role in EA, but few studies exist on how vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes affect EA to regulate gastrointestinal motility.AIM To study the role of vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes in EA at ST36, as well as the associated receptor subtypes that are involved.METHODS Gastric motility was measured with a manometric balloon placed in the gastric antrum area in anesthetized animals. The peripheral nervous discharge was measured using a platinum electrode hooking the vagus or greater splanchnic nerve, and the central nervous discharge was measured with a glass microelectrode in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus(DMV). The effects and mechanisms of EA at ST36 were explored in male Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided in to a control group, vagotomy group, sympathectomy group, and microinjection group [including an artificial cerebrospinal fluid group, glutamate(L-Glu) group, and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) group] and in genetically modified male mice [β1β2 receptor-knockout(β1β2^(-/-)) mice, M2M3 receptorknockout(M2M3^(-/-)) mice, and wild-type control mice].RESULTS EA at ST36 promoted gastric motility during 30-120 s. During EA, both vagus and sympathetic nerve discharges increased, with a much higher frequency of vagus nerve discharge than sympathetic discharge. The gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was interdicted by vagotomy. However, gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was increased during 0-120 s by sympathectomy, which eliminated the delay effect of EA during 0-30 s, but it was lower than the control group during 30-120 s. Using gene knockout mice and their wild-type controls to explore the receptor mechanisms, we found that EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility in M2/3^(-/-) mice, and promoted gastric motility in β1/2^(-/-) mice. Extracellular recordings showed that EA at ST36 increased spikes of the DMV. Microinjection of L-Glu into the DMV increased gastric motility, while EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility during 0-60 s, and promoted gastric motility during 60-120 s.Injection of GABA reduced or increased gastric motility, and reduced the promoting gastric motility effect of EA at ST36.CONCLUSION These data suggest that EA at ST36 modulates gastric motility via vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes mediated through M2/3 and β1/2 receptors, respectively.Sympathetic nerve activity mediated through β1/2 receptors is associated with an early delay in modulation of gastric motility by EA at ST36.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN)is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus(DM)that is strongly associated with approximately five-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.CAN manifests in a spectrum of things,ranging from resting tachycardia and fixed heart rate(HR)to development of"silent"myocardial infarction.Clinical correlates or risk markers for CAN are age,DM duration,glycemic control,hypertension,and dyslipidemia(DLP),development of other microvascular complications.Established risk factors for CAN are poor glycemic control in type 1 DM and a combination of hypertension,DLP,obesity,and unsatisfactory glycemic control in type 2DM.Symptomatic manifestations of CAN include sinus tachycardia,exercise intolerance,orthostatic hypotension(OH),abnormal blood pressure(BP)regulation,dizziness,presyncope and syncope,intraoperative cardiovascular instability,asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and infarction.Methods of CAN assessment in clinical practice include assessment of symptoms and signs,cardiovascular reflex tests based on HR and BP,short-term electrocardiography(ECG),QT interval prolongation,HR variability(24 h,classic24 h Holter ECG),ambulatory BP monitoring,HR turbulence,baroreflex sensitivity,muscle sympathetic nerve activity,catecholamine assessment and cardiovascular sympathetic tests,heart sympathetic imaging.Although it is common complication,the significance of CAN has not been fully appreciated and there are no unified treatment algorithms for today.Treatment is based on early diagnosis,life style changes,optimization of glycemic control and management of cardiovascular risk factors.Pathogenetic treatment of CAN includes:Balanced diet and physical activity;optimization of glycemic control;treatment of DLP;antioxidants,first of allα-lipoic acid(ALA),aldose reductase inhibitors,acetylL-carnitine;vitamins,first of all fat-soluble vitamin B1;correction of vascular endothelial dysfunction;prevention and treatment of thrombosis;in severe cases-treatment of OH.The promising methods include prescription of prostacyclin analogues,thromboxane A2 blockers and drugs that contribute into strengthening and/or normalization of Na^+,K^+-ATPase(phosphodiesterase inhibitor),ALA,dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA),ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3 PUFAs),and the simultaneous prescription of ALA,ω-3 PUFAs and DGLA,but the future investigations are needed.Development of OH is associated with severe or advanced CAN and prescription of nonpharmacological and pharmacological,in the foreground midodrine and fludrocortisone acetate,treatment methods are necessary.